tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17444961949707687342024-02-01T22:38:35.461-08:00Transition CentreTransition Centre is a Pennsylvania nonprofit corporation.
Mission: Building strong local economies and sustainable communities. www.transitioncentre.orgBill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.comBlogger24125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-62969551941081403452021-04-22T06:20:00.001-07:002021-04-22T06:20:30.417-07:00Ralph Borsodi and Transition Towns<p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Bill Sharp (c) 22 April 2021<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Ralph Borsodi was a leader in the back-to-the-land movement.<span> </span>In 1920, during a major recession and highly lethal pandemic, the Borsodi’s moved from New York City to a homestead near Suffern, New York.<span> </span>They soon created a model and successful homestead. <span> </span>Over the course of his long and productive life, he laid much of the foundation for what we today call the sustainability movement.<span> </span>My recent Hermitix (UK) podcast interview provides insights into his life and work (<a href="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ogbl#inbox/FMfcgxwLsJxffPSMlVdDhnWZcnkjfhpj?projector=1" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;">link</a>)<a href="applewebdata://62347905-3928-40CF-B19C-832447CAE953#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgHSGXuCSWfZMU9Rqv4oULxStIjcCk_ne7_wKxcxVlZ9juoqU8Nf5Wb8akjYums85nN8Y-qtjWQ62yfIPmpX5Fx6SsNKzZoPI_y_b1D-YQlG9QaO5-4UHMbOvFdgFZV-UJnr2j2xnKtqU/s1044/Borsodi+Reading+Blog+Image.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="990" data-original-width="1044" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgHSGXuCSWfZMU9Rqv4oULxStIjcCk_ne7_wKxcxVlZ9juoqU8Nf5Wb8akjYums85nN8Y-qtjWQ62yfIPmpX5Fx6SsNKzZoPI_y_b1D-YQlG9QaO5-4UHMbOvFdgFZV-UJnr2j2xnKtqU/s320/Borsodi+Reading+Blog+Image.png" width="320" /></a></div>The Borsodi—Transition Towns connection started at the beginning of Transition Centre.<span> </span>Bob Flatley was one of the first to respond to the invitation to discuss forming local Transition Towns.<span> </span>Bob and his wife Kelle were (still are) living and working on a Borsodi inspired homestead.<span> </span>Bob and I cofounded Transition Centre in 2009, later incorporated as a Pennsylvania non-profit organization.<span> </span>Between us we helped form two Transition Initiatives.<span> </span>Asked to join the boards of two environmental nonprofits, TC did numerous presentations around Pennsylvania and in neighboring states on the joint approach to building self-sufficiency and community resiliency.<span> </span><o:p></o:p><p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Transition Centre followed the steps in <i>The Transition Handbook</i> and particularly a lot of networking, presentations and collaborations.<span> </span>Late in 2014, following two years of workshops and study groups, involving some 200 people, we produced our EDAP, the “Centre Sustainability Master Plan.”<span> </span>We learned in the process that we had a vital emerging sustainability culture and that what was needed most was steady encouragement, making connections, and participating.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">What was it about Borsodi that attracted our interest?<span> </span>I think it is the incredible sweep of his creative work.<span> </span>He wasn’t just a guy with ideas, he organized, built, taught and traveled.<span> </span>A brilliant and original thinker yes, but a man who loved the soil, a master at composting and an avid gardener.<span> </span>And that was just the start.<o:p></o:p></p><h1 style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; break-after: avoid; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Achieving Self-Confidence<o:p></o:p></h1><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">As he and his family settled into life on the land, Borsodi also pioneered in the field of consumer advocacy, writing two books on the subject.<span> </span>He was a consulting economist whose clients included some of the largest retail chains and organizations in the country.<span> </span>He knew what he was writing about.<span> </span>Borsodi’s law is that the cheaper the cost of production, the higher the cost of distribution.<span> </span>Today, for example, the farmer gets only six cents of each dollar we spend on food.<span> </span>In short, he set out to demonstrate that his family could produce much of their own needs in less time than needed to earn the money to buy stuff.<span> </span>And the quality was better and healthier.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">In 1929 Borsodi published <i>This Ugly Civilization</i>, in which he addressed the liabilities and injustices of a highly centralized industrial economy.<span> </span>There were three basic themes in this book:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->A critique of modern industrial culture.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Achieving personal economic independence – homesteading.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Enhancing individual potential – education.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">The book came out weeks before the onset of the Great Depression.<span> </span>It went through several editions.<span> </span>A new edition was published in 2019 (new introduction by Bill Sharp) which is available online.<span> </span>In this book Borsodi first publicly reported his homesteading experience.<span> </span>Also serialized in a national magazine, he attracted a great deal of interest as the Depression deepened.<span> </span>He inspired a large number of people to take up homesteading.<span> </span>He offered training to many of them.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">His publisher requested a homesteading handbook which came out as <i>Flight From the City</i> in 1933.<span> </span>Borsodi made an effective case for home production of essentials.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">In 1934 Borsodi incorporated his School of Living and fully devoted the rest of his long and productive life to helping people achieve greater self-reliance.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">On the 50<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the Borsodi’s completing a new, hand-built, home on their extended homestead, in a jubilee celebration, some friends gave testimonies to his accomplishment.<span> </span>The list of his achievements and influences includes, in part:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Pioneer and model homesteader <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Championed and practiced home and small-scale, appropriate technology<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Diet and food reform <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Organic gardening<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Composting <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Community <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Family life, and this includes natural birth, breast feeding, home schooling, and raising children in a healthy environment where they fully participated in family life close to nature.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The changing attitude in medicine towards understanding minds and bodies instead of emphasis on pills and drugs. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Clarified free market economics and set real reforms in motion. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Grassroots, self-governing movements.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Local currency<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->But the most important, they agreed, was his work on adult education.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Including work in classifying the world’s wisdom around problems of living that provided a sense of commonalty to all peoples.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; break-after: avoid; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.5in; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Land Trust<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">One of Borsodi’s most important and enduring legacies is the Community Land Trust.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Dissatisfied with land reform, which had made limited progress, and government control of Depression homesteading projects, which proved a disaster, Borsodi established a private land trust.<span> </span>He acquired property and established two homesteading communities during the mid-1930s, at the depth of the Depression, and built his School headquarters in the center of the first.<span> </span>He and associates provided hands-on training, developed a number of publications, a good library, craft guilds and production units (including making looms for weaving).<span> </span>It was at this time that two families joined Borsodi who had been missionaries in India and knew and worked with Gandhi.<span> </span>I think this proved an important connection for Borsodi to India.<span> </span>Paul and Betty Keene went on to establish a highly successful organic farm and distribution business, one of three organic food organizations established in Pennsylvania that he inspired, Walnut Acres, that is now being restored.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; break-after: avoid; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.5in; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Mildred Loomis<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">World War II brought this phase of Borsodi’s work to a close. <span> </span>During the war he developed a peace plan that anticipated the United Nations (without centralized bureaucracies) and wrote a bestseller about dealing with the inflation which usually follows wars.<span> </span>It was then that he first advocated what became local currency.<span> </span>In 1945 he shifted the School headquarters to the homestead of close associate Mildred Loomis in Ohio.<span> </span>Mildred and her husband had established a model homestead of their own, growing 95% of their food and providing a small but adequate cash income.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Mildred provided four decades of active and creative leadership focused on homesteading.<span> </span>She edited the journal, conducted workshops and conferences, created a large network of homesteaders and many other people interested in the movement.<span> </span>As a result of her work with the youth movement during the 1960s and 1970s, <i>Mother Earth News</i> named her the Grandmother of the Counterculture.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; break-after: avoid; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.5in; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Education and Living<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Borsodi continued to work for a just, safe and secure lifestyle, focusing on the individual, the family and the community.<span> </span>He increasingly devoted his work to developing educational programs to help people achieve these objectives.<span> </span>He developed a seminal problem-centered framework for education.<span> </span>These problems he defined as universal – problems all people around the Earth and through all time have worked to solve.<span> </span>He offered seminars to help people clarify their values and beliefs, and understanding the world, nature and human nature.<span> </span>He advocated a lifelong education around a study of the collective wisdom of humanity as a whole.<span> </span>But, above all, were his seminars on the practical problems of life – earning a livelihood, building community, organizing collective efforts, good heath, the family.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; break-after: avoid; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt 0.5in; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">A Journey East<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">In 1952, Borsodi journeyed to Asia to study the impact of western industrialization and wrote a highly critical book, <i>The Challenge of Asia</i>.<span> </span>That book played a role in his invitation to return to India for two years to work with Gandhian agrarians.<span> </span>There, with their sponsorship, he wrote a booklet, <i>The Pan Humanist Manifesto</i>, which called for educational leadership for a rural renaissance – one of Gandhi’s goals – and a book, published in India, <i>The Education of the Whole Man</i>, which provided guidelines for teachers and university students as leaders of a self-sufficient agrarian, culture. <span> </span>Borsodi, although personally a humanist, was ranked highly as a spiritual teacher by his Indian friends.<span> </span>He was, I believe, clearly a Gandhian at heart.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Returning to India a third time in 1966, Borsodi, working with Gandhian land reform leaders, renewed his commitment to the land trust.<span> </span>At age 80, he established an organization at his home in Exeter, New Hampshire, and drew a number of influential associates, include Bob Swann who latter established the Schumacher Center.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Swann was field director for the land trust organization.<span> </span>He was a builder and peace advocate who worked in the south to rebuild burned out churches.<span> </span>There he met a cousin of Martin Luther King, Jr., Slater King, and worked with a group of black agrarians to established what became the model community land trust, New Communities, which is still in operation in Georgia.<span> </span>Borsodi, btw, is on a list of names favorably mentioned by Dr. King in his sermons.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">A few years later, Borsodi launched a program that created an inflation-proof, private (local) currency for which he established an international organization.<span> </span>Bob Swann was again a close associate and to this day the Schumacher Centre for New Economics continues to champion the local currency and land trust.<o:p></o:p></p><h1 style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; break-after: avoid; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">A Merger<o:p></o:p></h1><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">The restoration of Borsodi’s work came about largely because Bob was editor of the Borsodi inspired <i>Green Revolution</i> newsletter.<span> </span>Bob encouraged my writing a number of articles about Borsodi and Loomis over a period of several years.<span> </span>On the centenary of the Borsodi’s moving to their homestead (April 1, 1920) we launched a celebratory blog site on which we began publishing chapters as completed, and on the 101<sup>st</sup> anniversary, completed the two-volume work.<span> </span>These are:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><i>Ralph Borsodi, A Confident Future:<span> </span>The Green Revolution</i>, which explores the homesteading side of the Borsodi/Loomis legacy, and<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><i>Ralph Borsodi, A Confident Future:<span> </span>Learning and Living</i>, which focuses primarily on Borsodi’s work in education, for which he was awarded an honorary doctorate.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">These are available for download at no cost; links are at the top of the home page of the Transition Centre web site:<span> </span><a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;">www.transitioncentre.org</a>.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">That the twentieth century has been a challenge, is an understatement.<span> </span>Climate change has become a critical priority and is becoming increasingly critical.<span> </span>This century began with a recession, a horrific terrorist attack that launched a war that has not yet ended; and as one sage said, I believe it was Mark Twain, just one damned thing after another.<span> </span><i>The Transition Handbook</i> was published as the 2008 recession began.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">More of those “damned things” and then the COVID tragedy.<span> </span>As we emerge from this trial, and from a contest for the hearts and souls of Americans; as we enter what can only be hoped as a new era of justice and equity, it must be clear that we need the tools, the organization, and the moral capacity, to meet these challenges.<span> </span>I believe that Transition Towns and Ralph Borsodi, Mildred Loomis and their School have incredible potential for helping us get through what is to come.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">The importance of the Ralph Borsodi and Mildred Loomis legacy is the remarkable collection of knowledge and skills their 60-year legacy represents.<span> </span>I have worked to capture a record of these in my two volumes.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Borsodi proposed a post-industrial culture.<span> </span>The alignment with the ideals of Transition Towns is clear.<span> </span>They are complimentary – each represents a variety of facets of a more comprehensive program.<span> </span>It is about a culture close to the natural order of things.<span> </span>It is not primitivistic but seeks to preserve appropriate technology and small-scaled, localized industry.<span> </span>It is about building inclusive and collaborative community.<span> </span>It is about providing knowledge and skills for the pursuit of the good life.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Bob and I and others continue to work to develop a handbook, an organized and crafted presentation of Borsodi’s principles and practices.<span> </span>We believe these books and resources will become increasingly valuable as we work to achieve a transition into a carbon free, just and equitable, life for all.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Borsodi envisioned his School as a local, self-governing organization to provide the basic knowledge and skills for a livable world and the good life.<span> </span>He proposed that School be located at the center of the community, a gathering place, a place with a good library, seminars and good conversation where community could flourish. <span> </span>We can do that virtually and Transition Centre will continue to advocate this program.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Bill Sharp, Director, Transition Centre, <a href="mailto:bsharp.tc@gmail.com" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;">bsharp.tc@gmail.com</a>.<o:p></o:p></p><p><style class="WebKit-mso-list-quirks-style">
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</style></p><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="ftn1"><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="applewebdata://62347905-3928-40CF-B19C-832447CAE953#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[1]</span></span></span></a> The Work of Ralph Borsodi: <a href="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ogbl#inbox/FMfcgxwLsJxffPSMlVdDhnWZcnkjfhpj?projector=1">https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?ogbl#inbox/FMfcgxwLsJxffPSMlVdDhnWZcnkjfhpj?projector=1</a><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div>Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-43152043230106483072020-07-08T09:44:00.001-07:002023-12-02T07:06:50.074-08:00Transition Centre Resilient Communities Blueprint<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: Cambria, serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 24pt;">Executive Summary<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: Cambria, serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
Bill Sharp, Director<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="font-family: Cambria, serif; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
Transition Centre © July 2023<o:p></o:p></div>
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Permission to use content for non-commercial purposes only is grant with acknowledgment of source: <a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/" style="color: purple;">www.transitioncentre.org</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
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</style><span style="font-size: 34.666668px; letter-spacing: 0.333333px;">Introduction</span><br /><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The <i>Transition Centre Resilient Communities Blueprint</i> serves as a resource for developing communities that can thrive in the face of the growing range and severity of challenges that face this country and the world. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">This <i>Blueprint</i> is drawn from work to achieve more sustainable communities in the US since the 1970s. A great deal has been learned. We have, however, missed the opportunity sought in terms of sustaining resources and environmental viability. As a result, there has been a shift from sustainability, or management, to resilience, or adaptation. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">We will argue that localizing economies to a community level is the direction we must take to create a practical, secure, and equitable society.<o:p></o:p></p><h1 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Crisis<o:p></o:p></h1><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The first decade of this twenty-first century presented us with an unprecedented perfect storm of challenges.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Pandemic<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The first of these, of course, is the pandemic. The stunning and tragic developments of the coronavirus pandemic and the resulting economic crisis give us pause for deep reflection. Many lives were tragically lost. It changed our daily lives and introduced us to new social patterns. It tested our economic, social, and political systems severely. We recover from the lethal effects of this crisis, but the virus continues to linger. We will not soon forget our vulnerability to this long-recognized force of nature. <o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">The New Normal<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Several transformative shifts have already occurred that will have consequences to how the immediate future unfolds. We call them the “new normal.” These trends must be given thoughtful attention. <o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Economic Crisis<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The shutdowns caused massive closures of business, education, government, and other employers with a devastating impact on economies around the world. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Unemployment soared as businesses cut back. But official unemployment is only part of the picture. The official U3 unemployment is defined as people looking for work. It does not include part-time and contractual workers who are not eligible for unemployment benefits. Offsetting the official unemployment figure, two in five people in the American civilian labor force were categorized as “discouraged,” or no longer seeking employment. It is unclear how these tens of millions fit into the social and economic picture.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The pandemic brought the second deepest economic downturn since the beginning of the twentieth century. We are dealing with a massively complex system of many interrelated parts. We do not fully understand the long-term effects. Significant shifts in the structure of the economy will have to be studied as we move forward.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Supply Chain Shortages<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Global supply chains were seriously disrupted and continue to be challenged for a variety of reasons. This produced rising cost, inflation. A promising response has been the move to shortening them and bring production closer to home markets.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">International Conflict<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Russia’s war on Ukraine further disrupted the global economic system. China’s shift in economic and military policy is also a major part of the evolution of the global economy.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Social Dislocation and Adjustment<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">With closures, many people were able to work at home. We already had a powerful digital media, but this event took it to a dramatically higher level of acceptance. Many businesses and government offices continue distance working; in no small part because they can cut the cost of office rental. Office vacancies in cities increased dramatically. There has been a movement of populations away from many cities. Municipal revenues thus shrink.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Schools and universities sent students home during the pandemic and made a shift to online instruction. Colleges and universities, already affected by declining enrollment, many closed, others were consolidated, others adapted. Budget revenues continue to plague higher education. This affects the wellbeing of many small communities.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Healthcare<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The American health care system has been put to the test in terms of both its capacity to provide services and the economic impact it has felt. Hospitals predicted a three or more-year financial recovery following the pandemic. Healthcare workers provided praiseworthy service during the crisis, but the burnout rate has been high and a shortage of healthcare workers at all levels continues.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The ticking bomb of substance abuse, especially opioids, continues to plague our society. The overdose death rate has become a major cause of death. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The life expectancy of Americans declined.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Social Unrest<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Social protest over deaths in police custody clearly revealed the depth of both the immediate anxiety and long unresolved social issues. Gun violence is at a record high. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">It is evident that an ideological polarization is developing in the US (and elsewhere). The January 6 riot at the US Capital staggered the imagination. A contested Presidential election and ruthless campaigns for Congress demonstrate a growing tension in US politics. Many have called it a “second civil war,” some have called it a war on democracy. The judicial system has also become noticeable more politically polarized. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">These issues have been simmering for decades. Confidence in government has steadily ebbed. The functionality of our economic system is being questioned. The unstable political system will have long-term social and economic consequences and will shape our national destiny. <o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Climate Change<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Carbon dioxide emissions continue to rise and with them global temperature. We are nowhere near dramatic cuts. With this trend comes more extreme weather events, and the number and total cost of billion-dollar weather events steadily rises. Droughts affect large areas of the country and particularly prime agricultural regions. Wildfires have become common with smoke plums hazing the skies and causing hazardous air quality conditions across the country. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Renewable energy is on the rise, in no small part due to declining cost that makes it competitive. With growing energy demand, however, it tends to supplement rather than replace fossil fuel energy. The resources limits and rising cost for renewable energy technology are a barrier. Fossil fuel resource development continues.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Resource Depletion<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The list of resource risks includes water, arable land, and from these agricultural products, energy minerals, and “all other mineral resources.” Continued growing global populations and developing countries place increasing demands on nonrenewable resources. International competition, climate, and supply-chain issues are critical factors. Technical and economic feasibility of extracting these resources necessarily raises the cost to consumers.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">The Rustbelt <o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">During the last quarter of the twentieth century, globalization caused the closure of factories across the country. They became known as “rustbelt” communities. The loss anchor industries, both commercial and educational, continue to occur. The economic effect on their communities is severe. Rural communities are particularly affected, and census demographics indicate that the number of such distressed towns and cities continues to grow, now over half of the total across the country. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">In 2022 Transition Centre completed a model for rural revitalization, the Rural Resilient Hub (below). It resulted from a detailed analysis of local economies and the programs in place to revitalize them. In short, public programs and funds are far too limited to more than scratch the surface. And these funds are more readily acquired by those communities already in the upper tier, a small percentage of the total. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Community institutions have been decimated and must be restored and strengthened. Appropriate education, designed to meet the needs of each community, must be developed. There are significant resources in many communities to capitalize local social enterprise. <o:p></o:p></p><h1 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Turning Point?<o:p></o:p></h1><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Change, even dramatic downturns, are also opportunities. There is a recognized need to reestablish core economic activity. Small communities are a critical focus. Resilient economies require greater local self-reliance. Supply chains can be shortened, wealth retained by communities, greater efficiencies achieved. Innovation is 80% of economic development, and innovation comes from small businesses that can thrive in small communities.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Revitalization comes down to the economy. The economic system defines every aspect of our society. The economy is cyclical, booms and busts. Complex unstable conditions around the world affect people everywhere.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">There has been evident weakness in the America economy since at least the beginning of the rustbelt era; since at least 1980. Recovery from the 2008 Great Recession was slow. It required that considerable subsidies be pumped into the economy. Trillions more of debt was generated with COVID stimulus. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Tax revenues, however, have fallen. State and local governments cannot incur debt. A number are already facing bankruptcy. The impact on government services at all levels will continue to be tested. There just isn’t enough money to turn the tide. Again, local communities will be forced to find their own resources.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">We are at a turning point, and we have choices. Will it be business as usual or is there something now perhaps more desirable? Indeed, will it even be possible to return to business as usual? There are many powerful variables at work. We need to better understand the nature of the problems we are dealing with. We need programs that will give us realizable, and not just hoped for, outcomes. We need reliable information to do that. We need education and skills development. We need community solidarity. And we need to assure sufficient local resiliency to not have to do this all over again in a few years. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The Transition Centre business model has always focused on the local community and how to make it more resilient. We have been fortunate to acquire a great deal of information, to develop methodologies, to identify key principles and best-practices and to configure alternative approaches. Our <i>Blueprint</i> proposes a transformative program for making communities more safe, secure, and livable.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The Transition Centre’s approach is not radical. It has no ideological or utopia objective. We don’t dwell on theories about who did what. We don’t expect someone else to fix the problems. The problem is the problem, a lack of real progress in addressing the issues the affect the wellbeing of society. It is about what we are currently experiencing. Our definition of problems is based on a practical appraisal of the facts of life. Our core principles and practices are about concrete, community-based, solutions to problems. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b></p><div style="border-color: currentcolor currentcolor rgb(79, 129, 189); border-image: none; border-style: none none solid; border-width: medium medium 1pt; color: black; letter-spacing: normal; padding: 0in 0in 4pt;"><p class="MsoTitle" style="border-style: none; border-width: medium;">The Blueprint<o:p></o:p></p></div><h1 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Background<o:p></o:p></h1><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The <i>Transition Centre Resilient Communities Blueprint</i> is the product of a long evolution. The history of Transition Centre can be found at this <a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2020/06/history-and-direction-of-transition.html">Link</a>. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;"><b>The Mission of Transition Centre:</b><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Promote and develop an integral design for strong, local, human-scaled, self-sufficient and sustainable economies and communities that have the resilience not only to overcome the inevitable challenges arising from economic uncertainty, climate instability, resource depletion, and other inevitable challenges, but to thrive.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;"><b>The Vision of Transition Centre:</b><o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Resilient communities building on local resources and regenerative economic development.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;"><b>The Objectives of Transition Centre:</b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Transition Centre promotes effective community-level programs for rebuilding local economic resiliency and a growing level of self-determination.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Develop innovative organizational leadership capable of guiding the transformation of communities, from villages to urban neighborhoods, to achieve resilience.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->An integral ecosystem architecture and blueprint for a resilient community and localized economy.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->A comprehensive learning institute that serves its community to provide the knowledge, skills, and psychological preparation to achieve transformative change.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo28; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Provide materials and resources to assist communities to achieve resiliency.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;"><b>Our tagline:</b> Prosperity and Quality of Life<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Planning Change<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Our primary objective is planned, purposeful change. Our first plan sought to promote localization of the central Pennsylvania economy. <i>Central Pennsylvania Local Economy</i> (CPaLE) was published in 2008. The project started with intensive research into the regional economy. In 2014 Transition Centre produced the <i>Centre Sustainability Master Plan</i>(CSMP). That came out of a two-year project involving over 200 individuals in our home community. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Like many, we started with the idea of sustainability, which is managing things to achieve balance, but subsequently shifted to the idea of resilience, which is transformative change. The progress of this development can be found at our history link at the top of this section.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">With mounting evidence of the lack of global progress in the pursuit of sustainability, including mitigation of climate change, we asked two questions:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Do we know what we have to do to achieve a sustainable future?<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo20;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Do we have the capacity to do so?<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">There is a third question: If not, then what?<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">In response to those questions, and particularly the third, we begin a major revision of our basic model resulting in this <i>Blueprint</i>. We also updated a systematic inventory of our community’s numerous accomplishments and resources (<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1W-1Dn1aeP87HaLUKbE9AqhJQnJHQrk0N/edit">link</a>). <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Transition Centre was founded on a model called, as noted in the link above, Transition Towns and also on the work of Ralph Borsodi. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Rob Hopkins developed Transition Towns as a response to the impact of climate change and inevitable depletion of nonrenewable energy resources. His <i>The Transition Handbook</i> came out coincidentally with the 2008 Great Recession, emphasizing the importance of economic transformation of small communities. A leader in permaculture, he proposed a holistic approach to planning local community resilience. Beginning in the UK, the network of transition initiatives spread around the world. The UK based Transition Network (<a href="https://transitionnetwork.org/">link</a>) represents a decade and a half of experience and provides valuable resources. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Transition Centre (TC) was formed as an independent hub promoting this model in the US Northeast. The TC program has continued to develop since its founding in 2009, now with international reach. National hubs were formed in the US and other countries.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Ralph Borsodi, a consulting economist in New York City, took his family to a homestead in rural New York in 1920. There was then a severe recession and a lethal pandemic. He wrote several books about the state of the economy and in 1929, on the eve of the Great Depression published his <i>This Ugly Civilization</i>. In that book he made a critique of the economy at that time, essentially anticipating economic collapse. He described his homesteading experience, and he outlined an educational program to assist a transition to a more sustainable culture. In 1933, at the depth of the Great Depression, he was engaged as a consultant on revitalizing a city’s economy. Finding government programs problematic, in 1934 he established his School of Living, a non-governmental entity, to prepare people for a more secure lifestyle. He developed the private community land trust model. During the war years he further developed his educational program, then wrote a book about inflation that occurred after the war. It went through several large publication runs. In 1948 he published his <i>Education and Living</i> and moved on to further develop a university level educational program addressing the major problems of living. His list of accomplishments is extensive. In early 1921 two volumes of research material were published on Internet Archive to restore Borsodi’s legacy, and in 1922 <i>The Essential Ralph Borsodi</i> was completed. Links to these can be found on the Transition Centre <a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/">website</a>.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">In 2022, following work with colleagues in several states, Transition Centre proposed the Rural Resilient Hub model for revitalizing small, distressed communities across the country. It is a synthesis of over a decade of research and work in community and economic development. A summary of RRH can be found toward at end of this executive summary.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Objectives<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">In developing the <i>Blueprint</i>, we had three objectives:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo25;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Update our master plan to reflect the current situation.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo25;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Access the adequacy of our response.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 0.75in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Shift focus to achieving a more robust community ecosystem with the objectives of safety, security and stability over the long term.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Three Priorities<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Transition Centre defined three top priorities for the development of Resilient Communities. A page for each of these can be found at our <a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/">website</a>. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo29; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman"; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b> Learning and Leadership<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The question of capacity to guide change took top priority. It answers the “third question” stated above. We must acquire the capacity for transformative change. Dedicated individuals must acquire the knowledge and skills needed and above all the requisite motivation to address this incredibly complex time. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Leadership is about taking responsibility for achieving greater community resiliency. It is not hierarchical but rather collaborative. It is founded on consultation, not direction. But it is not passive. It seeks to achieve necessary objectives. This requires planning and organization. It requires effective management.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Each era of human history has its own form of leadership. The emerging leadership style of the twenty-first century is integral, holistic and comprehensive. It involves the capacity to see the larger view, to understand the dynamics of a social ecosystem, and to organize the fragmented disorder of daily experience into a methodical framework. It is locally focused and practical. A model of this form of leadership can be found at this <a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2017/09/deep-leadership.html">link</a>. An introduction to the first level of our program for personal development can be found in <i>Self-Reliance: Achieving Personal Resiliency and Independence</i> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07J1Q84RZ/ref=sr_1_6?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1538681689&sr=1-6&keywords=sharp+self-reliance">(Link)</a>. We have a resilience leadership bootcamp program. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo29; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman"; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Resilient Communities<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">As noted, Transition Centre is taking “resilience” to a higher level. It is not about dealing with problems as they arise but rather forming a communal capacity to rise above virtually any challenge. It is about building a new, regenerative economy, a strong sense of community and the organizational capacity needed to achieve this. We have described a community as an ecosystem (<a href="http://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2013/10/systems-ecology.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: turquoise;">link</span></a>). As such it is an integral system.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo29; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman"; line-height: normal;"> </span></b><!--[endif]--><b> Foodshed Strategy<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Listed third by my no means least is food. What is a foodshed and why is it important? Our reasoning can be found at this <a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2020/06/transition-centre-foodshed-strategy.html">link</a>. Foodshed Strategy is the cornerstone of resilient communities. It draws on resources already at hand. Revenues produced from local foods stay in the local economy and support continued development.<o:p></o:p></p><h1 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;"><o:p> </o:p></h1><h1 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Why A Blueprint<o:p></o:p></h1><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">In mid-March 2020, of course, things changed. Our three questions and our three priorities became imperatives. Our response is the <i>Resilient Communities</i> <i>Blueprint</i>.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">This document is a blueprint. It is not a plan. It is a synthesis of planning and development efforts. It draws on a broad accumulated experience. Our home community is fortunate to have many innovative sustainability programs and projects. We also drew from what was learned in other communities around the world. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Resilient Communities starts with an understanding of the need for a vision for clarity about the future of the community. A vision must be vivid if you expect to achieve results. It needs to be comprehensive, an ecosystem perspective, that understands how all the parts fit together. It is a big picture. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The process requires a clear statement of problems. Albert Einstein, one of the greatest minds of the twentieth century, was asked what he would do if given one hour to solve a really important problem. He said he would spend 59 minutes defining the problem. Often, when the problem is clearly defined, the solution is apparent. And the energy spontaneously appears to mobilize planning, organization and execution.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The <i>Blueprint</i> model is designed to be universal. We have sought to define the common qualities required for the preponderance of communities around the world. While each is unique, the qualities that make us human, and define our needs, collectively express our essence as a species. It can be employed as a guide for develop community plans anywhere. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Each of the core modules of the <i>Blueprint</i> represent essential objectives for a resilient community. The framework includes preparation, development of each module into a working project, and the methods and resources needed to accomplish them.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">First Priority<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The first priority, as stated, is leadership: one or more people taking responsibility for the transformation of their community. It requires, as Margaret Mead made clear, the formation of a small group. What we define as the Mead Minimum is five people. That group creates a preliminary vision. It networks and brings interested parties into the conversation. Things take their course from there.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">A Vision of a Resilient Community<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The vision of a resilient community will likely contain these parts:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->A safe and healthy place to live<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->A place where natural features are cherished and preserved<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Economic security despite global uncertainties<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->A place where we feel we belong and are proud to be a part of<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo11;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->A place where people care about each other<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The vision establishes the identity of the community. It tells us what we must accomplish to bring our community to maturity. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">With a vision in mind we begin the plan. There are three components of the Transition Centre <i>Blueprint</i> Template:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Assessment<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Core Action Modules<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo12;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Implementation<o:p></o:p></p><h1 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Transition Centre Resiliency Blueprint Contents<o:p></o:p></h1><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Component I: Assessment<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0in;">There are three parts to resiliency assessment:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Community Asset Mapping: A comprehensive assessment of natural features and resources, people, built environment, civic resources, and businesses of the region. TC has developed a model local inventory, <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1W-1Dn1aeP87HaLUKbE9AqhJQnJHQrk0N/edit"><i>Sustainable Happy Valley</i></a><i>.</i><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Assessment of consumption and external dependencies: Reliable estimates of the <u>quantities</u> of things consumed by the community. Where do goods and services come from and what are the risks to the supply chain that can be addressed by each community?<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo13;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Assessment of economic potential: What is the potential of the local community to produce the goods and services it needs to achieve greater self-reliance, reduce dependencies, and preserve the environment? What capacities must be developed?<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Component II: Core Action Modules<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The <i>Transition Centre Resilient Communities Blueprint</i> is developed through a series of action modules. Each module represents a plan in and of itself that is taken on by a dedicated work team. It should be clearly noted, however, that these modules are not developed independently and in isolation. They must be continuously assessed in terms of how they contribute to the overall vision and how they interact with each other.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">These modules are drawn from a synthesis of basic human needs derived from the sustainability literature. Granted, there are other ways to approach this and you are encouraged to be innovative.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The plan modules can be organized into a number of broad categories: <o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Natural Environment<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The natural environment defines the place we live and the natural resources that define the region. There are two general categories in the plan:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Land, Water and Natural Resources<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo14;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Parks, Open Space, Recreation<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Built Environment<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Built environment includes: <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Places we live, work and play <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Transportation infrastructure <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Utilities infrastructure<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo15;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Communications infrastructure<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Consumables<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: 0in;">Consumables include both raw materials and finished products and services:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Food<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Water<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Energy<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Other material resources<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Services<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo16;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Information<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Again, it is not the dollar value of these things but rather the actual quantities needed.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The REconomy framework (<a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2017/09/reconomy.html">link</a>) addresses how these goods and services can be produced more reliably in the local market thus giving the community greater self-reliance and security and retaining a greater share of revenue within the community. This model restructures the economy, preserves and restores the natural environment, <span class="BillChar">and provides incredible potential. The Rural Resilient Hub updates this program.<o:p></o:p></span></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Wastes<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">What do we do with everything left over from our consumption? Solid, liquid and gaseous wastes tend to accumulate in landfills, go into the air or settle into the soil and watershed. Our proposal is zero waste. Waste products are potential <span class="BillChar">raw material for economic development. Nature waste nothing.<o:p></o:p></span></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Community<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Creating the type of community we love to live in is a matter of making it a good place to live and that involves conscious attention to all the modules above. In addition to these there are several specific modules to address.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Community Development<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Healthcare<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Education and Training<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Public Safety/Emergency Management<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo17;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Recreation, Arts and Entertainment<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">A description of the Core Action Modules can be found at this <a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2020/07/resiliency-core-modules.html">link</a>.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Component III: Implementation<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">A plan is intended to achieve an outcome. This is essentially a business plan. It’s what you need and how to work to get the job done. There are eight modules to this part of the <i>Blueprint</i>:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Economy, Finance and Enterprise<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Community Ecosystem Map<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Local Resiliency Organization/Community<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Innovation<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Eco-entrepreneurship<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Education and Outreach<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Communications Infrastructure<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo18;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Local Government<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Supplemental Materials<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Appended to the <i>Blueprint</i> are three sections including:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Critical Resources – a comprehensive list<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Economic Blueprint – a sector by sector analysis of your economic potential<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo31; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Documentation<o:p></o:p></p><h1 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Core Principles of the Blueprint<o:p></o:p></h1><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">There are a variety of distinctive principles upon which the Transition Centre <i>Blueprint</i> is based. These principles have been developed through an extensive search of literature, exploring best practice communities, a long ongoing dialog in our community, and experience gained. We believe these principles are universally applicable.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Localization<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">We believe communities can create a better future for themselves. The <i>Blueprint</i> is explicitly localized. That does not mean closing down retail outlets and interstate commerce. It is about producing more of what the community can locally and thus removing unnecessary dependencies on distant markets.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Localization is first and foremost about working at a scale you can more readily understand and have control over. Our community is our home. We know who lives there. We have a better understanding of it than we do the larger world. And it is on a scale where we are more likely to have the ability to affect changes.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Our view of localization is grassroots – from the ground up. It is not a job for government agencies or nonprofits to do for you. They have limited resources. It is about individuals taking responsibility rather than expecting some outside agency to fix the problem. Community resiliency must involve a broad spectrum of its residents. Local governments and nonprofits are already supported by groups of volunteers who possesses a broad array of knowledge and skills. There are many talented people in a community. This capacity must be effectively mobilized. <o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Resource Scarcity<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The driver of our model has always been global resource scarcity. The global economy is almost totally dependent upon non-renewable resources that we are exploiting as if there were no tomorrow. The classical ideal of sustainability, of insuring there is enough for future generation, is no longer achievable. Continued global population growth, even with sustainable economic development, increases demand for these resources. We believe each community should live within its means; which brings us to: <o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Community as Ecosystem<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The foundation for the Transition Centre <i>Blueprint</i> is that a community is an ecosystem, an organically whole system. Community as ecosystem is integral and comprehensive. It includes the built environment, the people who occupy it and the surrounding environment from which the community can draw its needs. It is about how these parts interact. The<b> </b><i>Blueprint</i> thus seeks to be a comprehensive and systematic architecture that ensures the well-being of all parts of that ecosystem. Nature seeks harmony. Human beings have the capacity to employ these natural principles in a purposeful and creative manner. <o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Visioning<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Vision is the stage setting of the model. A clear and compelling vision of what is to be accomplished must be achieved. It’s not only what it looks like but what it would feel like to live in. It’s about the fundamental values of the community. The importance of a vision is not a new idea but rather goes back at least to the time of the ancient King Solomon: “Where there is no vision, the people perish” (Proverbs, 29, 18). Vision is one of the root principles of wisdom. A vision is about what attracts and motivates people to participate.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Transformation<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">We either accept “business as usual” and take the consequences, or we undertake innovation. Change can be driven by necessity, but this model is not simply opportunism. To have <u>transformative</u> change requires purposeful action. Our age is complex. It is in a state of continuous emergency. Our institutions are designed to maintain some semblance of order. They aren’t working well. A lot of people want something different. But it takes more than wanting it and more than asking for it. It requires doing what has to be done to achieve it. Apple’s Steve Jobs provided this perspective (<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-z4NS2zdrZc">link</a>). <o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Resiliency<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Resiliency, as noted, is about going beyond emergency management. It is no longer about adapting but learning to thrive on challenges. It is about a desire to do more than just go with the flow. It is about understanding the nature of the forces we are dealing with. It is an intentional and creative effort to make our communities and or personal lives the best they can be.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Learning<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The human brain is made for learning. Solving problems is what nature created us to do. We learn in order to solve problems, but we also learn in order to build character and virtue. As problems and crisis mount, as existing intuitions and methods prove inadequate, we must innovate and refine the art and science of learning.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Transition Centre recommends a community university that provides a full-spectrum, life-long curriculum of adult learning. With effective learning we believe that many can find a capacity for leadership in some area of the life of the community. The community university is intended solely to support the needs of its community, not only for knowledge and skills, but to achieve objectives effectively.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Organization<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Where people work together there must be organization. Under a plan roles and relationships are formalized, tasks and objective assigned and monitored. This requires leadership and effective management. It is through community organizations that visions are turned into reality. Our acronym is POES: Plan, Organize, Execute and Sustain. <o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">REconomy <o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The<b> </b>Transition Centre <i>Blueprint</i> is an economic plan in a broader perspective. The sustainability triptych includes environment, society and economy. The weak link in that pattern is between the environment and the economy. Our objective is a regenerative economy – a REconomy (<a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2017/09/reconomy.html">link</a><span class="MsoHyperlink">)</span>. That means an extensive overlap of all three sectors. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The idea that ties this model together is the fact that <u>Eco</u>logy and <u>Eco</u>nomy have the same root. Eco means homein both words. An ecosystem is natures economy. Traditionally, communities have formed spontaneously just as natural ecosystems do. Unlike the rest of nature, however, we have choice. We don’t always make the right choices.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">At the heart of the model is resilient business: A business model that pursues innovation, efficient use of resources, and strengthens local economies through development of latent capital and human resources found in the community. It is an entrepreneurial program – social enterprise and development. It requires people to take risk. It takes hard work <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">If you want change, it must pay for itself. There is not, in fact, anywhere near enough outside money to make the necessary changes in every community. The capacity to produce wealth, real wealth, is mandated for each community.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">The Plan<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">In developing our master plan, we did considerable research into the emerging literature on sustainability planning. We sought the qualities that made these plans work. Or not. The importance of the planning process must be emphasized. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The word “plan” is not a noun, it is a verb. Planning is a process, not a thing. It is an art and a science. The purpose of a plan is to solve a problem or get something you want. It starts with an exacting statement of the problem/objective and a compelling reason to address it. It is not complete until its objective is satisfactorily achieved. Planning starts with learning and comes to fruition through action – often a good deal of trial and error. Since we have objectives that have not been achieved before, or achieved under different circumstances, we need to continuously learn and adjust. <o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Vision 10 – 10<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Achievable objectives are essential. We have adopted the Japanese idea of Kaizen – starting with small steps. <b><o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Transition Centre developed a Vison 10 – 10 framework: an objective of achieving ten percent of any goal, such as local food or energy, within a timeframe of no longer than ten years (preferably much less) for each core module. We find this gives a better feel of achievability than taking on the whole sector. It allows us to lay the groundwork, run pilot models, and refine the process. Once we achieve ten percent, we have the infrastructure for moving to the next level. We believe that the best place to start is with local foods. <o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Culture<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">In our study of notable sustainable communities, we found that they each have their own culture of sustainability. We surveyed more than 30 of these places. We conducted more in-depth case studies of several of them, including Corvallis, Seattle, Portland, Burlington, Oberlin, and Boulder. The players in these emerging cultures include a broad spectrum of interest such as business, government, nonprofits, education, and people at large in the community. A lot of work went into making those communities more sustainable. It takes time to develop a culture. Once formed, a culture is something people join; the values, norms and daily practices are established and comfortable. We found our home community an evolving culture of sustainability and worked to nurture that process. Understanding that, the community ecosystem, is vital to achieving greater resilience.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Equity<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">A community has a much better prospect of providing opportunity than blanket regulatory agencies and cookie-cutter programs. A community by definition is a collaborative enterprise where members are mutually supportive. People are a vital part of its ecosystem. An ecosystem thrives on diversity. It is as strong as its weakest part. There is no place for poverty and hunger, prejudice, crime and addiction, ignorance or a prevailing mood of despair in a resilient community.<o:p></o:p></p><h1 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Rural Resilient Hub<o:p></o:p></h1><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Rural America has long been in decline. Manufacturing, anchor industries for many towns and smaller cities, moved offshore. Agriculture became highly industrialized. This trend goes back to at least to the 1980s, when globalization went mainstream. These communities have been labeled forgotten, distressed, and shrinking – all three terms iconic of continuing decline. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Over half of the counties in the US, most of them rural, are economically distressed, left behind by the national/global economy. This has resulted in loss of jobs and population, decreasing incomes, shuttered storefronts, and vacant residential lots, aging population, reduction in public revenues. It has become a daunting and persistent problem. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The problem of rural decline is endemic. The recovery following the Great Recession of 2008 “failed to benefit the country’s most vulnerable communities.” Even in more prosperous communities, there is a wide range of income disparity. Overall real wages went slightly lower between 2000 and 2020 across the board. There was continued significant decline in the well-being of rural communities between the 2010 and 2020 censuses. Then the COVID pandemic further aggravated the problem and supply chain issues and inflation added to the burden. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Small towns and surrounding farming country were once the foundation of American life and values. They were settled by pioneering people. That same pioneering attitude is needed now to revitalize them. And yes, given the resolve, they can be restored to prosperity and livability.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">It is a communal as well as economic problem. There is clearly a problem of institutional decay in distressed communities, in government, education, faith, family, and communal associations in general. Reduction in revenues depleted local government budgets. There was a loss of talent as the best and brightest left town. An aging leadership is left to cope. Health and longevity declined. Violent crime, substance abuse and suicide rates increased. Racial tension and persistent poverty became drivers of conflict. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">It is thus not merely an economic problem, not merely a matter of rebuilding downtowns and attracting businesses, but of revitalizing communities of people and of restoring essential institutions and services. It takes a dedicated group to begin that recovery and moral determination to continue. It takes engagement of all sectors of the community. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;"><b>The mission of the Transition Centre/Rural Resilient Hub project:<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><i>Revitalization of distressed communities across the country. TC/RRH provides an integral framework for developing local strategies, workforce, business enterprises, education, and governance.<o:p></o:p></i></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;"><b>Our vision:<o:p></o:p></b></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in; text-indent: 0in;"><i>Self-reliant and sustainable local economies and strong communities with high quality of life – places where our children will want to stay and make their home. <o:p></o:p></i></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The Transition Centre/Rural Resilient Hub (RRH) is founded on social enterprise. It is a business model with a dual bottom line that generates both financial and social value. As such it is an acknowledged alternative to both government and nonprofit programs. This model seeks to pay its own way. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">The approach is grassroots. It builds on the human and material resources of the community.<o:p></o:p></p><h2 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Targeted Innovations<o:p></o:p></h2><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">There are best practices to draw on. RRH proposes a core group of programs to restore local economic viability once the initial organization is formed, including:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->A community center or innovation hub, which provides a place to work, to meet, a maker space with tools, and a venue for sharing workforce knowledge and skills development.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Broadband connectivity is vital. Broadband empowers local enterprises including business, government, education, and civic groups. It is also needed to attract the skilled workers and small businesses that are seeking to move from city to country, to work remotely and to live a quieter, more pastoral and communal life.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Local agriculture is an entry wedge. Where there is land and water, and people willing to work out of doors with their hands, the food system can be increasingly localized. Capturing a share of the food market locally both increases food security and creates a significant revenue stream that stays in the community.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Restoring the built environment and energy efficiency, particularly on main street, is a priority. Livability is enhanced by walkable spaces with access to basic needs, food, recreation, and to public spaces. Restoration and renovation create hands-on jobs for local workers.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Local utilities are gaining traction. These utilities are community owned and managed, including electricity, water, and waste management. They also capture revenue.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->The watershed requires attention. Water is a critical resource dependent on the quality of the local natural environment. A watershed plan is an integral part of a comprehensive local program. The plan covers all aspects of water in the community and region from source water to wastewater.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.75in; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Local financial institutions, including small banks and credit unions, owned and operated by community members, provide a foundation for financial health increasingly independent from unstable global markets.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-left: 0.75in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo32; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Veterans and retirees are an important asset. Veterans have training and experience, work with discipline, have a sense of mission and duty, and enjoy the comradery of working collaboratively for something worthwhile. Retired persons are a source of knowledge and experience.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;"><span class="s5">Rural Resilient Hub</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="s5">PowerPoint: </span><a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1a7W7mbOmMkMFzdFWg5Q56-IFJ9h4QLlW/edit#slide=id.p1">https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1a7W7mbOmMkMFzdFWg5Q56-IFJ9h4QLlW/edit#slide=id.p1</a><span face="-webkit-standard, serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="Bill" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;"><span class="s5">Rural Resilient Hub</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="s5">Business Model: </span><span class="s6"><u><span style="color: #0563c1;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1i4swyUboNf7z-c5v9yCb9usrwEF-yZuf/edit">https://docs.google.com/document/d/1i4swyUboNf7z-c5v9yCb9usrwEF-yZuf/edit</a></span></u></span><span face="-webkit-standard, serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p><span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: normal;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page;" /></span><span face="-webkit-standard" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b></p><h1 style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;">Bill Sharp<o:p></o:p></h1><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">Bill Sharp is co-founder and Director of Transition Centre/Rural Resilient Hub (</span><a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">www.transitioncentre.org</a><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">), a Pennsylvania Nonprofit Corporation.</span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">The mission of TC/RRH is to</span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;">promote and develop an integral model for local, self-reliant and sustainable economies and communities.</span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><br /><o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Bill spent a career as a planner and project manager with experience in government, business, higher education (college professor and academic administrator), and nonprofits (several startups). His focus has been community and economic development, specifically strategic human resource development. He has also worked in heavy industry and residential and commercial construction. He is a United States Air Force veteran.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Bill served as a College Township, Pennsylvania, Council member and member of the Centre Regional Council of Governments General Forum. Currently member of the College Township Planning Commission, Spring Creek Watershed Association, and formerly Vice-chair of the College Township Industrial Development Authority. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">Bill is an author, speaker, and workshop leader.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">B.Sc. in Public Management with a two-year pre-engineering program and a minor in History. M.A. in sociology with a focus on community leadership development and additional graduate work in community development and business management.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: normal;">A full resume may be found on <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/bill-sharp-64681493/">Linkedin</a><a href="applewebdata://DFB666C4-34DB-4EE3-A8D8-DCB3DB9892BC#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></p><div style="color: black; letter-spacing: normal;"><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="ftn1"><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="applewebdata://DFB666C4-34DB-4EE3-A8D8-DCB3DB9892BC#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[1]</span></span></span></a> Bill Sharp at LinkedIn: <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/bill-sharp-64681493/">https://www.linkedin.com/in/bill-sharp-64681493/</a><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div>
Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-42145823694555185112020-07-08T09:34:00.001-07:002020-07-08T09:34:44.827-07:00Resiliency Core Modules <div class="Bill" style="font-family: Cambria, serif; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Bill Sharp © July 8, 2020<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fifteen Transition Centre Resiliency Blueprint Core Action Modules<o:p></o:p></h1>
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There are three components to the Transition Centre Resiliency Blueprint:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Assessment<o:p></o:p></div>
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The core modules represent a list of the major subsystems of a sustainable and resilient community ecosystem.<span> </span>Each is a planning process in its own right.<span> </span>Each requires its own team.<span> </span>However, it must be understood that they are all parts of an integral program.<span> </span>As in any ecosystem, they are interdependent.<span> </span>The relationships of the modules must be constantly reviewed.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Transition Centre does not propose a planned economy.<span> </span>It does advocate a framework that empowers planning and development of local communities.<span> </span>The Blueprint provides such a framework.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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The Assessment must be completed before starting work on the core modules.<span> </span>You are welcome to change the list and definition of these modules to suit your own community.<span> </span>They need not all be pursed at once, however, Module 1:<span> </span>Vision, is mandatory.<span> </span>Module 2:<span> </span>Local Food, is highly recommended as it provides a foundation for an emerging resilient economy.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Module 1: Transition Centre Resiliency Vision <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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The vision module is the outcome of the Assessment component of the Blueprint process.<span> </span>It should and likely will begin to form early in the process.<span> </span>Visioning is considered the core process in Resilient Communities.<span> </span>It represents the identity of a mature community and sets standards by which each of the other modules may be pursued.<span> </span>It is a dynamic process – a process of steady learning and adaptation.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Each community must develop its own framework for a resilient community.<span> </span>The Assessment Component provides a solid understanding of your community.<span> </span>It should be considered an ecosystem model – all the Modules connected.<span> </span>Patrick Geddes, who pioneered the Regional Assessment constructed what he called a “thinking machine.”<span> </span>I was a square of paper which each major Module of the regional ecosystem was listed.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Starting with “Vision,” you think about and discuss each of the action modules:<span> </span>food, energy, local business, etc.<span> </span>And then, starting with food, explore its relationship to energy, business, etc.<span> </span>The process works in reverse and different ideas can come up by comparing say energy to food.<span> </span>Eventually you will get back to “Vision” and you will have a new perspective on your community ecosystem and its needs and potential.<span> </span><span>As you work through this exercise over time, it becomes increasingly clear that whatever you do in one area, affects the others.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span>The process may sound tedious at first but as you gain insights you will understand its power.<span> </span>It is also a useful group exercise.<span> </span>You don’t have to do it all at once in order to get energy to flow.<span> </span>And you don’t stop after one round.<span> </span>It is an ongoing practice.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Module 2:<span> </span>Local Food <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Local food is the foundation of a regenerative local economy.<span> </span>Transition Centre conducted an original assessment of our regional agricultural potential in 2008, updated in 2015 as a Local Food System Network and now continues as Foodshed Strategy.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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On the average, only a fraction of a percent of food comes from local sources.<span> </span>It could be 10% within ten years if, and only if, a workable business plan and enterprise network is established.<span> </span>Ten percent local, including food and related products and services, represents as much as $400 per capita.<span> </span>A robust local agricultural program would create ancillary business environments:<span> </span>on one side a supply chain to support farming operations and on the other a distribution chain to process, store and retail agricultural products.<span> </span>In addition, research suggests that for every dollar spent for local food, an addition $4 – 7 is spent in the local market for other goods and services.<span> </span>And that revenue stays in the local economy.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Home and community gardens can produce a significant (5 – 7 %) amount of fresh foods for home consumption.<span> </span>The Victory Garden program of World War II produced nearly half of local food needs.<span> </span>Borsodi’s homesteading model can produce nearly all of the food and other goods needed for a family and establish cooperative homesteading communities.<o:p></o:p></div>
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A vibrant local food economy cannot be developed casually.<span> </span>It will only happen if a vigorous enterprise team forms for the specific purpose of getting the job done.<span> </span>It is driven by the revenue and social benefit it creates.<span> </span>Revenue generated by a robust local food economy can catalyze other sustainable economic sectors.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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An introduction to the Transition Centre Foodshed Strategy can be found at this <a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2020/06/transition-centre-foodshed-strategy.html" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;">link</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Module 3:<span> </span>Renewable Energy<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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The adverse impact of fossil fuels on the environment motivates development of alternative energy.<span> </span>Fossil fuels are, in any event, a non-renewable resource.<span> </span>The cost of renewable energy generation has and should continue to successfully complete with fossil fuels.<span> </span>A decaying national electrical infrastructure suggests the need for significant investments into local micro-grids.<span> </span>Wind turbines, solar cells and passive solar heating and geothermal systems can (and are being) installed by municipalities, institutions and private interests on buildings, schools, manufacturing plants, farms, and in neighborhoods and developments as well as individual homes.<span> </span>Community level enterprise can produce an economy of scale that reduces cost of equipment, installation and maintenance.<span> </span>The investments needed to achieve even 10% local electrical power generation are, however, substantial and will require a dedicated and innovative professional team to accomplish.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Our community organized a Community Solar project in 2015 with representatives from the university, local business, government and environmental interests.<span> </span>Since then we have seen 4.5 megawatts installed, 3.5 in progress and 20 megawatts proposed; which will give us utility-scaled solar energy.<span> </span>On the ridge overlooking our valley are a number of megawatt-range wind turbines.<span> </span>As with local foods, albeit with a smaller margin due to capital investments, revenues from the installation of the micro-grid infrastructure and energy produced would accrue to the local community and not distant financial markets.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Module 4:<span> </span>Local, small-scaled, business and manufacturing<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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A local economy is a regenerative economy (<a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2017/09/reconomy.html" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;">link</a>).<span> </span>It is a major part of the community ecosystem.<span> </span>As an ecosystem its function is to ensure the wellbeing of all of its members.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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A global economy moved much American manufacturing offshore to cheap labor countries.<span> </span>The threat of eventual rising cost of energy over the years and the disruption of supply chains during the 2020 Crisis provide increasing incentive to reestablish local manufacturing.<span> </span><span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Small enterprises once did and could again supply many of the commodities we need within a local trade area.<span> </span>They could also produce for quality, craftsmanship, durability and reliability.<span> </span>There is an emerging open source manufacturing movement that provides blueprints and plans for durable goods and their manufacturing in small, local facilities.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Communities have been increasingly pursuing development of small local manufacturing as a way to diversify their economies.<span> </span>This is advantageous for communities that are in economic decline and will be of great value should college towns see reductions in residential students.<span> </span>Many communities are developing more localized and sustainable business models.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Module 5:<span> </span>Transportation<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Transportation consumes 25% of our national energy.<span> </span>We are dependent upon trucks, trains and aircraft for the delivery of goods.<span> </span>We tend to make long commutes to work and for shopping.<span> </span>Localization could have a significant impact on reducing transportation energy use.<span> </span>Walkways and bike paths are features of quality communities.<span> </span>Social distancing is also incentivizing at-home work, and reduced driving and travel.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Module 6:<span> </span>Waste<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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The objective is zero waste.<span> </span>It is not only a matter of reducing waste to start with but also of recycling waste products.<span> </span>Reuse, repair and refurbishing have incredible potential for extending the life cycle of many durable goods.<span> </span>Localizing production can incentivize more durable products.<span> </span>Recycling is a major source of businesses and jobs.<span> </span>This includes both solid and liquid wastes – such as a beneficial wastewater reuse infrastructure. <span> </span>There is no excuse for organic waste going into a landfill when they can be readily converted into compost of use to local food production.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Module 7:<span> </span>Energy Conservation<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Energy conservation alone could save a quarter or more in energy cost and dependency.<span> </span>Conservation is mandatory in achieving energy independence.<span> </span>Both remodeling and new, energy efficient construction, create local businesses and jobs.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Module 8:<span> </span>“Village” Housing:<span> </span>Walkable neighborhoods<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Suburban housing is about large houses on large lots and a drive to market, work and recreation.<span> </span>A more compact, village-scaled, living reduces the need for transportation, has a high aesthetic appeal and promotes community interaction.<span> </span>There are civic spaces, community hubs, libraries and cultural centers.<span> </span>Retail outlets are on the corner or around the square.<span> </span>Most businesses can be placed in aesthetic architecture or located on the fringes of town.<span> </span>Coworking facilities could provide office and meeting places for both employment and community activities.<span> </span>Livability is in fact strongly correlated to sustainability.<o:p></o:p></div>
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There was once a popular literature on greenbelt and garden towns.<span> </span>Ralph Borsodi and others designed and built pleasing developments, many on land trust.<span> </span>We like to vacation is such quaint towns and villages, so why not just build them? <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Module 9:<span> </span>Health<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Many believe we need to restructure health care.<span> </span>The pandemic tested the health care system to the limit.<span> </span>The US health care system is huge and costly and yet life expectancy has been on the decline.<span> </span>A localized health care system is about readily available services for all ages.<span> </span>Regional hospitals would provide for more demanding care.<span> </span>Medical services more closely integrated within the community encourage more healthful living and preventative care.<span> </span>Both community childcare and eldercare can benefit health and wellbeing. <span> </span>Local foods, more walking, less stress, less pollution and chemicals, a more pleasant environment, closer society, abundant green spaces, bike and walking paths and a stronger sense of community could all be benefits to healthier lives.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Module 10:<span> </span>Emergency Preparedness<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Storms and natural disasters, toxic spills, fires and power outages and now pandemics suggest the need for short and intermediary term emergency preparedness.<span> </span>Following September 11, 2001, local emergency management programs have been mandated.<span> </span>Transition Centre, with its emergency management background, developed a three-day personal emergency preparedness manual and suggested a two-week neighborhood program.<span> </span>Neighborhood programs could also provide support for individuals and families isolated by quarantined.<span> </span>Providing greater local attention to and home-based preparation for such emergencies would enhance our sense of personal and neighborhood security, reduce the pressure on public emergency workers during emergency events, and promote community-building.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Module 11:<span> </span>Community <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Traditionally communities, as once describe American culture, were tightly integrated and far more self-reliant than today.<span> </span>Building a stronger local economy, where you know the people who are producing your food and other goods, serves to build stronger community.<span> </span>More compact living enhances social interaction.<span> </span>Local economies and community go hand in glove.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Community is about culture.<span> </span>Community is a place, a people and shared values.<span> </span>Sociologist of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century expressed dismay at the decline of American community.<span> </span>Philosophers in Europe and Great Britain had their own experience of angst as the modern era unfolded.<span> </span>Durkheim wrote of the link between alienation and suicide; Nietzsche wrote a philosophy of both despair and hope; Spengler’s history is one about breakdown and the descent into a new dark age.<span> </span>Psychology since at least Freud has focused on the debilitating influence of industrial civilization.<span> </span>Borsodi wrote extensively about the problem of an ugly civilization and its remediation.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Transition Centre describes community as an ecosystem just as a lake or forest is an ecosystem.<span> </span>It is a largely spontaneous association that evolves to maximize the welfare of all of its parts.<span> </span>It’s not about metaphysics or ideology; it is what works for the general benefit of its members.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Diversity, in all its forms, gives life to a community ecosystem. <span> </span>Ideological and other factions that divide the community are in effect a form of cancer that eats the life out of it.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Community includes participatory governance.<span> </span>Local governments serve to maintain the good order of a community.<span> </span>Local governments are not only elected officials and staff but also include a wide range of authorities, boards and commissions staffed by local community volunteers.<span> </span>Local governance is covered more completely in Implementation.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Transition Centre firmly believes that local governance, education and other services should be locally supported and not dependent on outside funding to meet the community’s basic needs.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Module 12:<span> </span>Education and Training<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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The Transition Centre educational model integrates knowledge and living.<span> </span>Traditionally education once promoted citizenship and preparation for participation in community life.<span> </span>We need that again.<span> </span>A community requires job training and skill development.<span> </span>REconomy requires a significant amount of training at all levels from vocational skills to professional services to business development.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Transition Centre has worked to revive a life-long, integral and problem-centered educational program.<span> </span>Learning begins at home.<span> </span>Beyond the home, the community itself acts as a School.<span> </span>There is a school building where basic education begins and lifelong learning continues.<span> </span>The School contains a library.<span> </span>The School may well serve as the community center.<span> </span>Learning and living are like hand and glove.<span> </span>We learn in order to solve the problems of living and we learn to elevate our humanity.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Regional community universities may be established to provide more specialized training and to serve as a hub for educational development.<span> </span>Both the local Schools and the Community Universities are self-governed.<o:p></o:p></div>
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High on the list of objects is the training needed to develop participatory democracy.<span> </span>We are all essentially unique.<span> </span>Nature endowed us with a range of competencies.<span> </span>We have different styles of learning.<span> </span>Each must thus have the opportunity to develop his or her own capacities to the degree they wish.<o:p></o:p></div>
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This model is based on long research into learning and living and is being synthesized in a series of books starting with <a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07J1Q84RZ/ref=sr_1_6?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1538681689&sr=1-6&keywords=sharp+self-reliance" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;"><i>Self-Reliance:<span> </span>Achieving Personal Resiliency and Independence</i></a>.<span> </span>The well-formed personality is the foundation of the well-formed community.<span> </span>We are also developing a textbook for Alfred Korzybski’s systems of evaluation and communication, general semantics.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Module 13:<span> </span>Arts and Entertainment<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Art and entertainment are part of our quality of life and part of the fabric of community.<span> </span>Festivals and celebrations are bonding agents that create a more cohesive community.<span> </span>A growing local art and entertainment sector is a part of the local economy as well.<span> </span>Before the radio and TV, people learned to play music, to sing, to write and recite poetry, to enjoy great books and to converse about their learning.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Module 14:<span> </span>Land, Water and Natural Resources<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Our commitment to preserving and restoring our natural environment is an important measure of our intention to achieve a sustainable future.<span> </span>Preservation of natural resources is a very large part of our enjoyment of and identity with the place we live. <span> </span>Our community has undertaking projects to define and enhance our watershed.<span> </span>One is an online Watershed Atlas Project that solicits a wide range of articles from local authors and has taken the initiative in creating this comprehensive, and readily usable, resource.<span> </span>It was organized and continues under the guidance of a group of volunteers.<span> </span>We also completed a two-year study of our rather unique watershed resources and the many parties who have some say in how it is preserved and used.<span> </span>It is a full-spectrum approach.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Module 15: Parks, Open Space, Recreation<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Parks and recreation both help define the quality of life in a community and serves as a measure of commitment to the natural environment.<span> </span>These have a strong influence in defining the quality of life of any community.<span> </span>Such places have their own character and usually immediate access to natural features.<span> </span>They are worth the effort to make them an expression of the sprit o the community.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Local governments, including citizen volunteer staffed parks committees, regional authorities and conservation groups do much to provide <o:p></o:p></div>
Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-14053850906524409502020-06-24T06:04:00.006-07:002023-05-05T05:48:06.147-07:00History and Direction of Transition Centre<div class="Bill" style="font-family: Cambria, serif; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Bill Sharp, Director, Transition Centre, © June 24, 2020 Updated May 5, 2023<o:p></o:p></div>
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Transition Centre was formed in 2009. It is a registered Pennsylvania nonprofit organization (not tax exempt). It’s roots, however, go back to 2002 when we first focused on resilient communities. Transition Centre begin to form in 2005 following the dramatic increase in the cost of petroleum products after Hurricane Katrina. The first week of September, immediately following the devastation of the US petroleum infrastructure in the Caribbean (which flooded much of New Orleans), followed by reduced OPEC production, saw the tripling of the cost of petroleum and petroleum products such as gasoline and heating oil. The peak cost of a barrel of oil in 2008 coincided with the global economic collapse called the Great Recession. Our resource dependency became painfully obvious. The supply chain is fragile and non-renewable resources being depleted at an alarming rate. This became the focus of our program.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Relocalization<o:p></o:p></h1>
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About this time a relocalization movement was gaining ground once again. The basic rationale is that we need to address problems at the level that we can. Is that global, national, state or province, or local? Local is comprehensive. Local is home. How do we make our home communities more viable, more secure and resilient. <o:p></o:p></div>
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We produced our first localized sustainability plan early in 2008: Central Pennsylvania Local Economy (CPALE). The mission of CPALE was:<o:p></o:p></div>
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To promote rebuilding local economies through jobs in sustainable agriculture, small manufacturing, skilled crafts and services, using a business model that seeks to keep as much wealth as possible circulating within an economically viable local region.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The Vision Statement included:<o:p></o:p></div>
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A network of small, increasingly fully functional, autonomous and self-reliant communities that can produce the essentials of life and establish the political and economic foundation for a sustainable society with a high quality of life.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The CPALE project conducted a regional survey including our home county (Centre County) and the six contiguous counties. We developed our master list of 22 basic human needs for a sustainable community. This list was derived from a survey of the objectives of sustainability plans across the country. It remains our core framework. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Transition Towns<o:p></o:p></h1>
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In 2008 became affiliated with the Relocalization Network – some 100 or more groups in the US and Canada. That year <i>The Transition Handbook</i> was published. The book described the foundation of the Transition Towns (TT) movement started in the UK in 2006. TT was designed as a grassroots community response to the rising cost and inevitable depletion of fossil fuels. It also addressed the potential impact of climate change. After the recession of 2008 it became increasingly focused on the instability of the global economy. Towards the end of 2008 the Relocalization Network became the Transition Towns US, a nation hub organization. We formed a local group to study <i>The Transition Handbook</i>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The objective of the Transition Towns model is to create resilience, that is, adaptability, at the local level. The <i>Handbook</i> provided an effective agenda for organizing local communities to develop a unified program to insure a more secure future.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Our first major public presentation of the Transition Towns (TT) model was made at a meeting of the Spring Creek Watershed Association (SCWA) in 2009. The Association was a leading local sustainability group. The Association was considering the Corvallis Natural Step model for their proposed sustainability organization but wanted to look at Transition Towns. The advantage of the grassroots Transition Town model was evident. The Transition Centre Director subsequently became chair of the SCWC (see below).<o:p></o:p></div>
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Transition Centre<o:p></o:p></h1>
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Transition Centre (TC) was founded by Bob Flatley and Bill Sharp (Transition Centre Director) as an unofficial Transition Hub for central Pennsylvania in 2009. It was registered as a Pennsylvania nonprofit corporation. We developed a web site and a blog to promote the Transition model. <o:p></o:p></div>
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As a hub, we began to set up meetings and presentations locally and with other regional communities and organizations. In February 2010 Transition Centre organized a presentation on the Transition Towns model at the annual conference of the Pennsylvania Association for Sustainable Agriculture (which was then headquartered in a neighboring community). Seventy-five people attended. Three of our group attended two-day Training for Transition and in April 2010 Transition Town State College and Transition Town Bald Eagle Valley became official initiatives.<o:p></o:p></div>
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We chose to closely follow the program of <i>The Transition Handbook</i> and <i>Transition in Action</i>. <i>Transition in Action</i> was the first comprehensive Transition Towns plan, defined as an Energy Descent Action Plan, or EDAP, by TT founder Rob Hopkins, and produced by his Transition Towns founding community at Totnes, UK<a href="applewebdata://3FCAA8D5-C392-490D-9C60-947C37293AD9#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="color: purple;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span></span></a>. We too wanted a comprehensive rather than piecemeal approach. Our objective was to develop a sustainability master plan. <o:p></o:p></div>
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We followed the twelve-step process outlined by Hopkins with modifications appropriate for our community. For example, we didn’t need to form work groups or projects as they were plentiful in our region.<o:p></o:p></div>
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We conducted a detailed assessment of local resources – natural, economic, organizational and human. We very early realized that our community had incredible assets, but they were poorly organized. Our strategy became to create a virtual organization. We have pursued what we labeled a community ecosystem. We constructed a “Resource List.” Resources include government entities, nonprofits, higher education, conservation, environmental and sustainability groups, other community groups, and business interests. Organizations and groups on the list are all located, or have a significant footprint, in our community. The List was posted on our web site. It can be sorted by primary and secondary characteristics. There are eight categories of organizations and 64 topics they address. The List currently has over 600 entries. We have continued to network people and organizations over the years. <o:p></o:p></div>
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As an initial practical project, we promoted home and community gardens. There was one public community garden when we started. There are now more than a dozen. We helped create a new one in 2017 and doubled its size in 2018 on land provided by a neighborhood church. This garden requires a tenth of our produce be given to food banks. A community garden association was formed.<o:p></o:p></div>
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One of the strongest early partnerships we formed was with the New Leaf Initiative, formed the year after our TT initiative. We nominated it as one of the Transition Towns’ <i>25 Enterprises that Build Resilience</i>. New Leaf was recognized as one of the premier community building organizations in the area. Its founders were committed to sustainability. Now other local organizations, including the university have adopted that model.<o:p></o:p></div>
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One distinction in our development is engagement with local government. That was step nine on Rob Hopkins’ list. We were fortunate to have participation by representatives of government entities from the beginning, not as authorities but as members of the sustainability community. (I and several others subsequently served in public office at the local and regional level). Transition Centre is explicitly non-partisan. We adopted the policy of not engaging in protest or advocacy. We have rather worked to develop collaboration around common interests.<o:p></o:p></div>
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We also developed close connections with Pennsylvania State University. Penn State formed its own Sustainability Institute about the same time TC was formed. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Interfaith Power and Light<o:p></o:p></h1>
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In 2010 the Transition Centre Director was invited to become a founding board member of Pennsylvania Interfaith Power and Light (a faith-based climate change organization with affiliates then in 40 states). IPL embraces participants of all faiths and creeds. The TC Director was made officer at large and thus a member of the Executive Committee. The Transition Town model was presented as a community building program to faith communities. Many presentations were made in local communities and at conferences, workshops and sustainability events and festivals across the state.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Ralph Borsodi and his School of Living<o:p></o:p></h1>
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From the beginning there has been a link between Transition Centre and the founding principles of Ralph Borsodi’s School of Living. This connection goes back some years to a project named Cove Institute (name inspired by an ocean cove where several related meetings were held). In 2002 the Cove Institute was envisioned as a “resilient learning community.” We subsequently learned that Borsodi had that vision many years ago and had developed a significant program. That legacy, unfortunately, had been largely lost. The Transition Centre co-founders decided to restore that legacy and bring it up to date.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The original School of Living was founded in 1934 by Ralph Borsodi. Borsodi had become a pioneer homesteader in 1920 and published his classic <i>Flight From the City</i> in 1933. He had been a consulting economist with Wall Street clients. He wrote thoughtful critiques about the fallacies of the emerging urban-industrial commercial economy.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Borsodi was a leader in a movement that flourish in the first half of the twentieth century. It was called New Agrarianism. It had a Jeffersonian vision. Borsodi believed that the family farm or homestead was the ideal social institution. Through it the family and its members could achieve a high degree of economic and personal independence. He also pursed the idea of local collaborative communities to provide a more solid civil foundation. Borsodi also pioneered land trusts and local currency.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Borsodi, beginning a century ago, laid much of the foundation of what we have come to call the sustainability movement. He developed a model homestead, homestead communities and was a pioneer in organic gardening, appropriate technology, land trust and local currency. Above all, Borsodi was a founder of a comprehensive, problem-centered framework integral learning. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The School of Living was developed to provide the knowledge and skills needed to achieve these objectives. Above all, however, Borsodi pursued the Jeffersonian ideal of an educated citizenry who could conduct their own affairs. He advocated developing the highest potential of every person. <o:p></o:p></div><div class="Bill" style="font-family: Cambria, serif; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">The cofounders of Transition Centre have worked to restore the Borsodi legacy. Two research manuscripts inceluding history, biography, principles and practices of Borsodi's legacy can be found on Internet Archive:</div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><p style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(94, 94, 94); color: #5e5e5e; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-1x c1-8q c1-8r" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;"><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-6n c1-8q" style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;">Ralph Borsodi, A Confident Future:</span></span><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-6n c1-8q" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;"> </span><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-1x c1-8q c1-8r" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;"><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-6n c1-8q" style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;">The Green Revolution</span></span><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-6n c1-8q" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;">, which explores the homesteading side of the Borsodi/Loomis legacy (</span><a class="x-el x-el-a c1-1l c1-1m c1-8t c1-1o c1-1p c1-1q c1-1r c1-6z c1-b c1-8u c1-1x c1-8v c1-8w" href="https://archive.org/details/ralph-borsodi-a-confident-future-the-green-revolution" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-transform: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;" target="_blank"><u class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-1x c1-8q c1-8t" style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;"><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-6n c1-8q" style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;">Link</span></u></a><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-6n c1-8q" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;">)</span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(94, 94, 94); margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-1x c1-8q c1-8r" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;"><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-6n c1-8q" style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;">Ralph Borsodi, A Confident Future:</span></span><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-6n c1-8q" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;"> </span><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-1x c1-8q c1-8r" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;"><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-6n c1-8q" style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;">Learning and Living</span></span><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-6n c1-8q" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;">, which explore Borsodi’s educational system (</span><a class="x-el x-el-a c1-1l c1-1m c1-8t c1-1o c1-1p c1-1q c1-1r c1-6z c1-b c1-8u c1-1x c1-8v c1-8w" href="https://archive.org/details/ralph-borsodi-learning-and-living-book" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-transform: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;" target="_blank"><u class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-1x c1-8q c1-8t" style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;"><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-6n c1-8q" style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;">Link</span></u></a><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-6n c1-8q" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;">)</span></p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; caret-color: rgb(94, 94, 94); margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-1x c1-8q c1-8r" style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;"><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-6n c1-8q" style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;"><i>The Essential Ralph Borsodi </i>can be downloaded at no cost at this <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-DTkKVB_MqL_GjDLCsVUcWgZTA2Pn7uh/edit" target="_blank">link</a></span></span><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-6n c1-8q" style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;">. </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="x-el x-el-span c1-1l c1-1m c1-b c1-8p c1-44 c1-6n c1-8q" style="box-sizing: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-transform: inherit;">Transition Centre is working to develop the community university model based on Borsodi's work. The community university is a lifelong educational model intended to serve as the core educational program with the objective of meeting the community's needs for knowledge, skills and social and economic resilience.</span></span></span></p></div></div>
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Alternative Energy<o:p></o:p></h1>
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High on our list of sustainability needs is the reduction of our fossil fuels dependency. In 2012 we published two comprehensive articles on energy (to a large national audience). These articles were posted on the Transition Centre blog site (<a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2012/06/renewable-energy-future.html" style="color: purple;">link</a> and <a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2012/12/americas-energy-future.html" style="color: purple;">link</a>)<o:p></o:p></div>
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In 2013, in response to growing concern about shale gas development, we organized a well-attended public conference. We had world-renowned climate scientist Richard Alley and a noted Penn State shale gas expert to present both sides of the issue. Seventy people attended. Responding to demand, a second conference was held in which we invited our two speakers and added two renewable energy experts to form a panel. The local Public Issues Forum sponsored a third forum, based on our program. It was a well-attended day-long event promoted county-wide. A booklet was produced, drafted by Transition Centre, about the issues involved in the shale industry. Contested then, recently the shale gas industry has acknowledged our thesis that renewable energy is becoming more cost effective and that shale gas is a transitional technology.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Community Solar<o:p></o:p></h2>
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In 2014 - 2015 we participated in a six-month program to explore community solar sponsored by Penn State. That program brought community leaders together in a facilitated dialog. Subsequently, Transition Centre prepared a draft for ten percent residential photovoltaic. The solar alternative has gained momentum locally. In the past year or so, 4.5 megawatts of solar, one of the most extensive developments in the state, has been installed in our region, another 3.5 megawatts in development and a 20 megawatt utility-scaled system proposed. We have a large number of wind turbines on nearby ridges to take advantage of reliable wind flows over the region.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Mid-Atlantic Region<o:p></o:p></h1>
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We were invited into a Mid-Atlantic regional group in January 2012. It consisted of Transition Town members mostly in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Delaware. That group continued to grow and in November 2013 the Mid-Atlantic Transition Hub (MATH) was incorporated. The Transition Centre Director was a founding member of the MATH Board. It had participants from states ranging from Connecticut to Virginia. The original regional group, interested parties not on the board, was designated the MATH Council.<o:p></o:p></div>
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MATH started with the mission of reconnecting and revitalizing the some two-dozen Transition Towns (and many other mulling groups) in the Mid-Atlantic states. We sought to break the sense of isolation that had settled on the TT movement nationwide. Lacking effective regional associations, a great many Transition Initiatives and groups dropped out of the network. <o:p></o:p></div>
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As a result of heavily impacted Hurricane Sandy on the Mid-Atlantic coast, we worked on disaster recovery. Transition Centre took the lead on developing a three-day emergency preparedness handbook which has been made available to Transition US (The Transition Centre Director had served in a state-level emergency management command post). A chapter for a two-week plan for emergency manage was proposed for Transition Streets by Transition Centre.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The MATH board, for a variety of organization reasons, disbanded after a few years. The MATH Council renamed itself Mid-Atlantic State Transitions (MAST) and continues to meet by phone monthly. Several of its members have become leaders of the Transition US movement.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Shrinking Cities<o:p></o:p></h1>
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Transition Centre continued to focus on regional issues in the Northeast. We became increasingly aware of a class of communities variously labeled as shrinking, forgotten or distress. On a personal note, my hometown hit the list as the number one fastest shrinking city in the US. It has also been listed as one of the most dangerous places to live in the US. One of our TC collaborators and IPL board members lived in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, currently ranked the number two US fastest shrinking city. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The case for these communities as made in a 2007 Harvard study, <i>The Voice of Forgotten Cities</i>. The study identified 150 smaller cities, mostly in Pennsylvania, New York and other northeastern states, that have been left behind by globalization and essentially forgotten. They are rust belt or brownfield places with vacant factories and commercial buildings, vacant residential lots, high unemployment, high crime rates, and high poverty rates. Following the 2008 Great Recession, more communities were put on the list as economically “distressed.” Forbes constructed its own list of “Miserable Cities.” As of Winter 2020, one-third of American counties and 40% of American small towns were listed as “shrinking.” The COVID-19 pandemic will likely add significantly to this list.<o:p></o:p></div>
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These trends motivated the continued evolution of the Transition Centre mission. Our sustainability master plan (below) was designed in part to provide a template for redeveloping such places. Since governments have been unable to stem the decline of these communities, we proposed the grassroots Transition model but found that it needed significant development. In 2018, the University of Pittsburg invited Transition Centre to prepare a presentation on Resilient Communities addressed to shrinking communities. The final report was posted by two national organizations. “Building a Resilient Community” can be found on the Transition Centre <a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2018/10/building-resilient-community.html" style="color: purple;">blog site</a>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Sustainability Master Plan<o:p></o:p></h1>
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The primary objective of our Transition program was to develop a sustainability master plan for our community as proposed in <i>The Transition Handbook</i> and <i>Transition in Actio</i>n. It appears we are one of a handful, out of nearly 170 US Transition Towns, to seriously attempt such a plan. And arguably the most comprehensive of them. <o:p></o:p></div>
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For two years after founding our two Transition initiatives, we worked on awareness building and networking. The shale gas events gave us the momentum to move into preparing our sustainability planning program. That plan was published as the Centre [County] Sustainability Master Plan (CSMP) in August 2014. While Penn State has a comprehensive sustainability strategy (that has been highly effective), the Transition Centre plan is the most comprehensive regional approach off campus. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Some 200 people participated in the development of the plan over a two-year period. There were a number of public meetings and planning sessions. We participated in other conferences and workshops, often making presentations. We developed our comprehensive resource assessment. Preparation included extensive research into sustainable communities and sustainability planning across the country. We carefully assessed why sustainability planning efforts often fell short of expectations. There was a growing literature available. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Our plan was developed as a template. It was constructed around our list of basic human needs cited earlier. Instead of a twenty-year projection of development as proposed by <i>Transition in Action</i>, we devised a policy called “Vision 10 – 10: Ten Percent in Ten Years.” In short, our premise is that ten percent of a problem can be more readily visualized and addressed than the whole thing. Once ten percent is achieved, the framework for expansion is well in place. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The CSMP was being revised and updated as the Transition Centre Resilient Communities Blueprint when the pandemic occurred. This update continues as the 2020 Crisis unfolds.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Ten Percent Local Food<o:p></o:p></h1>
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In 2012 we published an article on the “Local Food Revolution.” <o:p></o:p></div>
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In 2015 we formally launched Ten Percent Local Food at a local sustainability festival. Our region is promising. We are at the center of that large valley with rich farmland and many small farms. It is Amish country.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Ten Percent Local Food has objectives including food security, health, and preservation of farmland. We also proposed a local food enterprise incubator and demonstration site with a high production micro-farm. A homesteading model, with a local demonstration homestead, is also proposed. One of the benefits of ten percent local food for us would be $400,000 per 1,000 population in revenue that would stay in the community. We have continued awareness raising and networking with the objective of forming a local collaborative. That idea has steadily developed through the efforts of a number of organizations and community leaders. We have subsequently moved to a more comprehensive foodshed strategy model (below).<o:p></o:p></div>
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International Collaboration<o:p></o:p></h1>
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In the Spring of 2015, Penn State invited several Transition Towns leaders to participate in an intensive three-day workshop to develop a proposal for “Addressing the Climate Crisis through Value Transformation.” The workshop included participants from Norway, Scotland and South Africa. Transition Centre presented Transition Town principles and the Centre Sustainability Master Plan. This intense workshop produced a proposal for a significant level of funding from an international agency to promote transformational change. It provided an intense focus on sustainability values and the role of college and university education in promoting climate change action. While not funded, this exercise enhanced our approach to leadership and organization in the community. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Sustainability Culture<o:p></o:p></h1>
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Our comprehensive plan was more descriptive than prescriptive. The reason why is that we found our community well advanced as an evolving sustainability culture.<o:p></o:p></div>
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We carefully studied leading sustainable communities. We identified over 30 such communities and studied several of them closely. Such cultures represent a sense of an established way of life – the way things should be. Organizations, activities and markets have been established that are easily assessible. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Such cultures are a product of time, several decades in fact. The communities we studied had begun to seriously organize for sustainability in the 1970s. The foundations for our community’s sustainability culture was laid in the 1980s. Our resource list indicated a rich field and clear signs of development. We decided to continue to network, connect and observe to promote our emerging culture.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Over the years, as this document suggest, a lot has happened in our community. Perhaps one of the most significant indicators is that six of the platinum and gold level certified sustainable municipalities in Pennsylvania are those that were loosely defined as Transition Towns State College communities. This is a tenth of those so certified in Pennsylvania. These communities are all members of the Centre Region Council of Governments (COG). They also represent the region defined as Transition Town State College. COG, at about the time Transition Centre was working on our comprehensive plan, added a sustainability chapter to its comprehensive plan and more recently hired a sustainability coordinator. Under COG and local community leadership a long list of sustainability projects have been completed and more in progress.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Again, Transition Centre’s primary goal is building connections and a sense of community. It should be clear that we do have a very rich field of participants both within academia and in the community. Nonetheless, we were seeing the need to raise the bar as economic and environmental issues steadily mounted. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The COVID Recession has had a shattering impact on local cultures. Crisis draws people into community and provides an incentive to rebuild them. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Watershed Plan<o:p></o:p></h1>
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As noted, Transition Centre formed a partnership with the Watershed Community at our beginning. One of the most successful projects we had was a leadership role in updated our watershed-wide plan started in 2016. This was a natural complement to our CSMP. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Our watershed is a unique natural feature that defines our community. In short, 135,000 people depend on a supply of water that comes from the sky above (no river runs through it) and stored in the ground below in a relative rare karst geology. In 1996 a program was organized to define the future of the watershed. An international panel was brought in for a week of study and meetings. The issue was growth verses preservation of the natural setting and its resources. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The Spring Creek Watershed Commission was formed as a result. The Watershed Commission is a formally chartered intergovernmental agency (rather unique in form) with representatives from the twelve municipalities in the watershed, including the six certified COG municipalities. There are also several dozen other entities including government, nonprofit and educational, with interest in land and water resources in this watershed. <o:p></o:p></div>
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A separate body, the Spring Creek Watershed Association, is also a produce of that initial event. The Association was formed as a volunteer group composed mostly of representatives of stakeholder organizations and interested individuals in the watershed. As the Chair of the Spring Creek Watershed Association, the Transition Centre Director organized the 20<sup>th</sup> anniversary celebration of our Watershed community. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The Celebration committee documented the accomplishments of member communities and organizations over these 20 years. We documented roughly 100 major achievement to secure a sustainable future. In short, we have extensive studies of land use, an extensive network of stakeholders, a rare collaboration between local governments and other organizations and an enviable record of accomplishments. These accomplishments include large tracks (hundreds of acres) of urban farmland being preserved by leading conservation groups in the area. Local municipalities have provided support and significant funding. Land and water, of course, being foundations for the local food movement. <o:p></o:p></div>
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We organized a celebration lunch and a presentation keynoted by a current and two former county commissioners who had organized the Commission. The event was recorded by our local public affairs television channel.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The major outcome of the Celebration program was the launch of a new phase of planning for a watershed-wide integrated water management plan. The approach consisted of enlisting public, private, nonprofit and higher educational parties to developing a common vision for a sustainable future as defined by this rather unique watershed system. A new web site was developed (<a href="https://www.springcreekwatershedcommission.org/one-water-plan" style="color: purple;">link</a>).<o:p></o:p></div>
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As a Watershed Commission member and Watershed Association chair, the Transition Centre Director took a lead role in this process. Our steering group organized public forums, formed a work group, held numerous meetings and developed a new plan. I summarized the findings and drafted the final (approved) report in late 2019. That report can be found on the web site link just above. In 2020 we move forward to developing the organization to complete a comprehensive working plan for the watershed. It proposes a fifty-year vision. While that program is on hold, it did provide some important infrastructure for working through the 2020 Crisis.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The Road to a Sustainable Future<o:p></o:p></h1>
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In 2017, the focus of Transition Centre turned to the problem of organizational capacity. We developed a new theme: “The Road to a Sustainable Future.” <o:p></o:p></div>
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The genesis of “The Road to a Sustainable Future” was in part the growing evidence that efforts to mitigate climate change were losing ground. Perhaps of greater importance was the realization that a growing list of sustainability organizations, and particularly new initiatives, were struggling to form or thrive. Without leadership and organization, and particularly lacking synergetic networking between like-minded parties; individuals, groups and organizations are experiencing frustration, loosing affiliations, and fading away. Some do well, many do not. Our research during the planning process defined the problems and best practices. This program probed the assumptions of the sustainability movement relative to recent trends in environment and economy. Read more at this <a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2017/09/the-road-to-sustainable-future.html" style="color: purple;">link</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Resilient Communities<o:p></o:p></h1>
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Transition Centre and the Centre Sustainability Master Plan continued to evolve. Our focus became increasingly on a regenerative economy, community as ecosystem, personal development, leadership and organization. It is increasingly clear that our time is extraordinarily challenging. We need to take a lesson from Einstein: You can’t solve these problems with the thinking that created them. We have the tools, but they are too little known. Transition Centre is working to makes these tools more widely available and understood.<o:p></o:p></div>
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In 2018 Transition Centre reorganized under the banner of Resilient Communities. The Transition Centre web site was completely rebuilt. In addition to the web pages, there are links to the Centre Sustainability Master Plan and the four TC blog sites on the home page and other information. A Resilient Communities interactive blog site is being developed. <o:p></o:p></div>
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That year we asked the question: “What comes after sustainability?” With the growing anxiety among climate scientist and public leaders about the prospects of mitigation, resource depletion, continued population growth, economic instability and related political unrest, there is a growing concern of taking this to another level. This vision includes a post-industrial scenario. Rather than manage, we must adapt and do so with foresight and deliberate action. We must be innovative. This requires an economic and entrepreneurial approach. It must be self-financing. This requires leadership; a form of leadership that mandates a capacity to see whole systems, to deal with complexity, and to take ambiguity as a given. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Foodshed Strategy<o:p></o:p></h1>
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Continuing our theme of local food, Transition Centre again raised the bar and launched its Foodshed Strategy program. A foodshed is the area from which a community draws its food resources. Today it is global. The average distance our food travels from farm to plate is 1,500 miles. Under a localization scenario it is more regionalized. Rising cost of energy and other scare resources suggest more efficient localized food (and other goods) production. As noted, Transition Center has made an economic argument for localization of food. <o:p></o:p></div>
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We are conducting extensive research into a diverse range of foodshed systems and planning efforts. Arguably the best model we found was the Vermont Farm to Plate program (<a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2019/04/vermont-farm-to-plate-case-study.html" style="color: purple;">link</a>). Our case study represents our approach to analysis and presentation – reducing a large volume of information into a summary format. Our objective is to develop a range of foodshed strategies for the diverse array of conditions found across the country, both urban and rural, land-based and aquatic, dry lands, high density agriculture, hydroponics and aquaponics and markets.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Moving Forward<o:p></o:p></h1>
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After six years, since we published our Centre Sustainability Master Plan, we began to update it. What changes have occurred? What evidence do we find of an emerging sustainability culture? And, of far greater importance, how do we make the transition to the level of activity, of energy and focus, needed to achieve resiliency? The document has been retitled “Transition Centre Resiliency Master Plan.” It is a “blueprint” and not a plan per se. It is comprehensive, systematic and holistic. Using that blueprint we propose that communities can build their own organizations, develop plans and transform their local economy and build a more equitable society.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Transition Centre, as an organization, has evolved over a decade, with roots going back another decade and more. It is today an independent nonprofit organization with a mission of promoting resilient communities. We have a diverse range of tools. Our approach is comprehensive, practical and businesslike. You can find these at <a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/" style="color: purple;">www.transitioncentre.org</a>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Crisis 2020<o:p></o:p></h2>
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This document was first drafted and given limited distribution in January 2020. “Moving Forward” was our plan. We planned public meetings and a Vision 2050 campaign. In March 2020 with the COVID – 19 pandemic and ensuing recession, everything changed. From a 2050 vision we have shifted to an immediate, reliant, response. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Our response consists of a reboot – back to basics. The principles remain the same, we have our blueprint and we have local resources. It requires a new steering group with representatives from leading sectors of the community. </div>
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We are no longer looking at things that would be nice to have, not even things mandated by environmental issues. This crisis will test the mettle of this society and its people. There are a lot of variables in this 2020 Crisis. There are a lot of contingencies. There are a lot of new normals. This will clearly be a test of the Transition/Resiliency model. But then that is what Nature made us to do. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The revised Transition Centre Resiliency Blueprint is intended to provide a foundation for recovery and transformation.<o:p></o:p></div><h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Transition Centre Resilient Communities Blueprint</span></h1><div class="Bill" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Moving into a response to the 2020 crisis, Transition Centre revamped out "EDAP," the Centre Sustainability Master Plan. It became a Resilient Communities Blueprint. We asked: </span></div><div class="Bill" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(94, 94, 94); color: #5e5e5e; font-weight: 700;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i>What does it take to create a resilient community, a community that can not only respond to emergencies but also embrace dynamic transformational change? Based on extensive research and over a decade of experience, the Transition Centre Resilient Communities Blueprint provides a template for a safe, secure, healthy and equitable community.</i></span></span></div><div class="Bill" style="font-family: Cambria, serif; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">The link to the Executive Summary can be found on the home page of our <a href="https://transitioncentre.org" target="_blank">website</a>. With attachments, it is a comprehensive document intended to serve a diverse range of communities.</div><div class="Bill" style="font-family: Cambria, serif; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">We updated and completely revised our website. </div><div class="Bill" style="margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><h1 style="font-family: -webkit-standard; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Sustainable Happy Valley</span></h1><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Our extended watershed region is known as Happy Valley. It<span style="text-indent: 0px;"> is in a long valley in the Appalachian Ridge and Valley formation that runs along the edge of the Appalachian Plateau at the center of the state of Pennsylvania.</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0px;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0px;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0px;">The valley, essential the Spring Creek watershed, covers approximately 600 square miles and has a </span><span style="text-indent: 0px;">population of about 140,000. It includes eighteen municipalities, one of which is the seat of the county government, a regional council of government and is home to Penn State University. It is the economic hub of central Pennsylvania. Transition Centre was established to serve that hub but has since expanded its influence. </span></span></p><p style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><span> <span> <span> </span></span></span>One important five year following up (since our master plan) object was to update our list of organizations, programs and projects that play a role in the community's future resilience, that are located our have a major footprint in our region. A digital copy of that inventory, which includes over 100 entities, can be found at this <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/16fBYMPTitRoS_8X6vTcVbNY2JW74zbrf/edit " target="_blank">link</a>. </p><h1 style="text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Rural Resilient Hub</span></h1><p style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> <span> <span> </span></span></span>Transition Centre became engaged in a consortium of creative and experienced individuals with a broad array of skills to develop a program to establish resiliency hubs in rural communities across the US. Transition US provided the initial introduction, the group has grown, and has developed a working plan.</span></p><p style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> <span> <span> </span></span></span>Rural communities </span>across<span style="font-family: inherit;"> the United States have been in </span>decline<span style="font-family: inherit;"> for decades. Globalization closed local </span>manufactures<span style="font-family: inherit;">, big box stores shuttered main streets and industrial </span>agriculture<span style="font-family: inherit;"> syphoned farm revenues.</span></p><p style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> <span> <span> </span></span></span>Populations steadily declined. </span>Poverty<span style="font-family: inherit;">, crime and substance abuse </span>became<span style="font-family: inherit;"> endemic. The COVID pandemic has been further </span>unsettling<span style="font-family: inherit;">.</span></p><p style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> <span> <span> </span></span></span>Government programs have been </span>marginal<span style="font-family: inherit;"> at best. The continued decline of </span>communities<span style="font-family: inherit;"> testifies to the </span>inadequacies<span style="font-family: inherit;"> of </span>outside<span style="font-family: inherit;"> aid. </span></p><p style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Rural Resilient Hub was </span>formed to:</p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0.5in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: justify; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><i>Revitalize distressed communities across the country to achieve a resilient economy, strong community and high quality of life.<span> </span>RRH provides an integral framework for developing local strategies, workforce, business enterprises, education and governance.<o:p></o:p></i></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Rural Resilient Hub Method</span></h2><h1 style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; break-after: avoid; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;"><o:p></o:p></h1><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">The RRH approach is driven locally.<span> </span>It is grassroots.<span> </span>It builds on the human and material resources of the community.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">Our core principle is resiliency.<span> </span>That is the capacity not just to fix what goes wrong but to innovate and thrive given the inevitable challenges of the coming decades.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">The RRH method is integral:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>It embraces all parts of the community:<span> </span>government, business, education, faith and citizens.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman"; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->It provides a systematic foundation for revitalizing the community economy and quality of life<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">·</span></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol;">·</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">It creates the capacity to constantly innovate and adapt to the challenges of this century</span></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium; text-indent: -0.25in;">Trnsition Centre Programming</span></h2><p class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">The Transition Centre program can be found at <a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org">www.transitioncentre.org</a>. </span></p><p class="Bill" style="margin-left: 1in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><o:p></o:p></p><div style="text-indent: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-indent: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="text-indent: 0px;"></span><div style="text-indent: 0px;"><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div id="ftn1"><p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 8pt; margin: 0in;"><a href="applewebdata://0003A463-BCC9-4E71-9880-D79DE95C7D2B#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[1]</span></span></span></a> Nearly one-third of the total population are registered students at Penn State University.<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><span style="text-indent: 0px;"></span></div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<a href="applewebdata://3FCAA8D5-C392-490D-9C60-947C37293AD9#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="color: purple;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> Book review of Transition in Action: </span><a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2012/02/transition-in-action-totnes-and.html" style="color: purple;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2012/02/transition-in-action-totnes-and.html</span></a><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="applewebdata://3FCAA8D5-C392-490D-9C60-947C37293AD9#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="color: purple;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 8pt;"> Borsodi legacy: </span><a href="https://ralphborsodiconfidentfuture.blogspot.com/" style="color: purple;"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">https://ralphborsodiconfidentfuture.blogspot.com</span></a><span style="font-size: 8pt;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</style>Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-67458793927552530042020-06-24T05:54:00.001-07:002020-06-24T05:54:31.503-07:00Transition Centre Foodshed Strategy <h1 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; break-after: avoid; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 6pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Foodshed Strategy is a project of Transition Centre (</span><a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/">http://www.transitioncentre.org</a><span style="font-size: small;">).</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span> </span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">Bill Sharp © 6/24/2020</span></div>
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Summary:<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<span style="color: black;">This paper addresses the question “What is a foodshed?”<span> </span>That involves a number of other important questions including:</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">What is the current food system?</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Does the current system make sense?<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Is it secure and sustainable?</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Why should we want to change agriculture?</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">How can that be done?<span> </span>What are the barriers?</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">What are the environmental, economic and social benefits?</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">This paper also provides a strategy for developing a more robust local food system.<span> </span>The opportunity to create something new, to replace something less than desirable, often comes as a result of crisis.<span> </span>The Chinese word for crisis has been interpreted to contain the symbols for danger and opportunity.<span> </span>We are in the beginning of what is already the fourth worst global economic crisis on record.<span> </span>As we rebuild the economy there are opportunities for innovation.<span> </span>There is an opportunity to develop a resilient alternative.<span> </span>That starts with local food.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">The unprecedent 2020 Crisis put our global economic system to the test.<span> </span>We don’t know how long it will take the pandemic to run its course.<span> </span>We are only beginning to get the feel of how deeply it will impact the global economy and, for that matter, the food system.<span> </span>There is a long list of contingencies that will have to be worked through.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">People have worried about the instabilities of modern industrial society for a long time.<span> </span>There is an ancient apocalyptic myth symbolized by the four horsemen (war, famine, plague and death).<span> </span>I think there is a fifth horseman in our day:<span> </span>the inherent instability of highly complex and energy-driven systems.<span> </span>The larger the scale, the greater the energy needed just to maintain it.<span> </span>It is always out of equilibrium.<span> </span>Economic and political instability, environmental issues and other forces of nature increase complexity and the demand, the energy needed for, management.<span> </span>There is a point where complexity becomes chaos. <span> </span>At a global scale, problems can be extremely difficulty to solve.<span> </span>At a local level, while still complex, they become more manageable.</span></div>
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Statement of a Problem<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<span style="color: black;">Developing local foodsheds has been a popular idea for some time.<span> </span>Recent events related to the pandemic and economic downturn raise the bar on developing them. <span> </span>There are a number of factors we must consider resulting from the crisis that provide context for our way forward.<span> </span>They define resiliency.<span> </span>Pandemic lockdowns have changed lifestyles dramatically.<span> </span>There is a lot of talk about the “New Normal.” <span> </span>Let’s take a look at some of the leading trends:</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">The first of these, of course, is the coronavirus pandemic.<span> </span>Pandemics are not that rare if rarely this severe.<span> </span>We have to understand that this could happen again.<span> </span>We need to take steps to ensure that such events are more manageable in the future.<span> </span>Greater local resiliency is suggested.<span> </span>That starts with the food system.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Global supply chains were already challenged.<span> </span>Shutdowns and panic buying put our distribution networks of goods and services to the test.<span> </span>This gives us a chance to think about where we get the stuff we need and want.<span> </span>How can we reduce our dependencies on an extended supply chain?<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Digital commerce skyrocketed.<span> </span>Digitalization of retail trade was already well underway and adversely impacting local brick and mortal businesses.<span> </span>With lockdowns, digital marketing became more robust and normalized.<span> </span>This will have a continuing impact on local retail, businesses and jobs.<span> </span>A shift to more local agriculture is a beginning in diversifying local economies.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Social distancing and social media have affected the office workspace.<span> </span>Again, a trend already underway but now become accelerated and widely acceptable.<span> </span>Major corporations have announced that they will continue distant work.<span> </span>This in part allows them to close expensive office space in cities.<span> </span>This trend too will have a structural impact.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Schools were also closed and safely reopening them is a severe challenge.<span> </span>Going to school is deeply embedded in our way of life but alternative schooling has become more acceptable.<span> </span>More parents working at home mean that more students can learn at home.<span> </span>We may expect new markets to open in distant learning.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">The economic downturn affects government tax and fee revenues – the money that keeps things running.<span> </span>It is obvious that the national debt will soar.<span> </span>It is also clear that state and local governments face bankruptcy.<span> </span>And this is a census year.<span> </span>Shifts of populations for any of a variety of reason affect distribution of public funds.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Colleges and universities closed and successfully shifted to online education.<span> </span>Again, the trend was already well established but they too are brick and mortar institutions.<span> </span>Closures have been very hard on many and some will close.<span> </span>Others will struggle with the challenges of reopening, reduced enrollment and, now that it has been demonstrated as an effective alternative, a growing preference for online learning.<span> </span>In May 2020 the California State University system, the fourth largest in the country, announced it has cancelled classes for the fall semester at all 23 of its campuses.<span> </span>Those that plan plan to reopen must do so under demanding constraints and for a short semester in anticipation of a COVID resurgence.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Relatively little has been said about the communities that host students. <span> </span>College and university town economies are founded on housing, feeding, clothing, transporting and providing services to students.<span> </span>Athletic events and graduations bring in considerable revenue.<span> </span>Continued closures, even partial, would be harmful to these local economies.<span> </span>As with factory closures of the recent past, small college towns could become a new “rustbelt.”</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">There is a surge in social unrest, protest and confrontation with established institutions.<span> </span>There are issues that have remained unresolved for decades and a demand that changes be made.<span> </span>The demand for equity will shape the question of economic recovery.<span> </span>The US government that forms in 2021 will face unprecedented challenges.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Lockdowns changed personal habits.<span> </span>A lot of people, at least in more suburban settings, are saying that their lifestyle has become more relaxed.<span> </span>They enjoy more sunsets.<span> </span>They chat with their neighbors.<span> </span>Many children have adjusted to life at home.<span> </span>They’ve found new ways to learn, to play and to share time with their friends.<span> </span>A significant number of families who can may choose to continue a more home-centered life.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Turning Point<o:p></o:p></h2>
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<span style="color: black;">The 2020 Crisis represents a perfect storm – an immensely complex, indeed chaotic, event.<span> </span>It impacted everything we know.<span> </span>We are at a turning point and we have choices.<span> </span>Will it be a return to business as usual or is there something perhaps more desirable?<span> </span>I think we can accept the fact, that changes will be required.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">As the pandemic runs its course, it is clear that local communities are going to have to take on more of the responsibility for shaping their future.<span> </span>We need to recover, adapt, and move to a higher level of planning our future for greater community resiliency.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Building sustainable, resilient, communities is not a new idea.<span> </span>It is a good idea.<span> </span>But it has not been an imperative.<span> </span>Now, as communities find they must adapt, they will find a great deal of information about alternatives.<span> </span>Transition Centre has developed a Resiliency Blueprint which outlines these alternatives.<span> </span>Foodshed is but one, albeit the foundation for achieving greater community resiliency.<span> </span>This paper outlines that program.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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What is a Foodshed?<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<span style="color: black;">A foodshed is a geographic region from which a community draws its food and agricultural products.<span> </span>A study of food reaching Chicago in 1998 reported that it traveled an average of just over 1,500 miles.<span> </span>That distance had increased significant (from 1,200) in just 20 years.<span> </span>Another study about that time, for Ontario, came up with just over 2,800 miles.<span> </span>Tracking from sources in South America, banana’s travel an average of 4,600 miles.<span> </span>Bananas, harvested green (unripen) and mildly refrigerated, will last three to four weeks.<span> </span>They are shipped by sea.<span> </span>This is true of many fruits and vegetables.<span> </span>There is also considerable shipment by air freight for more perishable foods.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">With some notable exceptions, before the age of steam, foodsheds were highly localized – typically a radius of only a handful of miles.<span> </span>There were few large cities.<span> </span>There were exceptions but the vast majority of the people living in the preindustrial age lived off the surrounding country.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Localized foodsheds can be identified with regional topographies and thus have geographic identities.<span> </span>My community, for example, is identified with the Appalachian valley and ridge bioregion that occupies a narrow wedge in south-central Pennsylvania.<span> </span>It is a highly distinctive region of wooded hills and fertile valleys.<span> </span>My community is more immediately identified with a small and distinctive watershed of some 400 square miles.<span> </span>It is a university town surrounded by a small “urban” built environment.<span> </span>We are in a large, fertile and well-watered valley some 60 miles long surrounded by low mountains.<span> </span>There are a large number of Amish farmers at one end of that valley.<span> </span>This valley could easily supply the bulk of our agricultural needs.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">By comparison, the New York City foodshed can be largely defined by the Hudson River Valley – an area of abut 13,000 square miles. <span> </span>On a larger scale, the Chesapeake Bay watershed, of which we are a tiny branch, is 64,000 square miles but it encompasses a large number of prospective foodsheds.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">There is a great deal of academic research on foodsheds across the country.<span> </span>Planners have also been busy doing their work.<span> </span>Both the science and art of foodshed planning are thus well advanced.<span> </span>The literature, however, is fragmented.<span> </span>Transition Centre is working to develop model foodshed strategies for a variety of environments.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">The local food movement has been underway for some time.<span> </span>Nevertheless, on the average, less than one percent of food consumed is from local sources.<span> </span>Scaling up from 1%, however, is a daunting undertaking.<span> </span>The State of Vermont has been perhaps the most successful model of foodshed development having achieved 13% local food (see below).<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">The commercial food system is very well established.<span> </span>It is a complex market.<span> </span>It will take a robust level of business innovation to make local scaling possible.<span> </span>This requires major innovations in production and exacting attention to local markets.<span> </span>This document seeks to lay the foundation for that development.<span> </span>First let’s look at the current food system.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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US Agriculture<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<span style="color: black;">Agriculture, food and related industries, contributed $1.05 trillion to the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) in 2017, a 5.4-percent share. The output of America’s farms contributed $132.8 billions of this sum—about 1 percent of GDP. <span> </span>Other sectors related to and relying on agriculture – include forestry, fishing, and related activities; food, beverages, and tobacco products; textiles, apparel, leather products; food and beverage stores; and food service, eating and drinking places – made up the balance.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">The US is able to produce its own foods and other agricultural products.<span> </span>In 2018 the US exported $144 billion in agricultural products and imported $121.5 billion.<span> </span>Exports are predominately soybeans, corn, tree nuts, beef, pork, wheat, prepared foods, cotton, dairy and fresh fruits.<span> </span>We import seafood, fruits and nuts, vegetables and red meats.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">There are a lot of players in the food system who share the revenue.<span> </span>The farmer, the actual producer, receives about 6.7 cents of every dollar ($405 per capita) spent on food at the grocery store. <span> </span>Most farms in America are small. <span> </span>More than 95% of all farms in the U.S. are family owned and operated.<span> </span>Small farmers often have other jobs.<span> </span>Large farms are typically part of agribusiness.<span> </span>Agribusiness includes business that suppliy farm inputs, such as machinery, chemicals and seeds; which between them gets about as much of the food dollar as do farmers.<span> </span>The local grocery stores get another 13.6% and eating and drinking establishments 33.7%.<span> </span>The rest (45%) is the cost of doing business.<span> </span>That cost of doing business includes food services overhead where food is only about 30% of the cost of meals served.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Description automatically generated" id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 140.55pt; left: 0px; margin-left: 269.9pt; margin-top: 5.1pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 193.05pt; z-index: 251659264;" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata o:title="A picture containing clock, display
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black;">Non-Food Agriculture</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<span style="color: black;">A great deal of agriculture production is not for food.<span> </span>In 2012, biofuels accounted for roughly 7.1 percent of total US transportation fuel consumption, or 13.8 billion gallons.<span> </span>Ethanol, accounting for 94 percent of all biofuel production, is made mostly from corn with 28.5% of corn crop used for ethanol in 2019/20 (down from average 38% as in 2018/19).<span> </span>Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils (chiefly soy oil) as well as animal fats, waste oils, and greases. <span> </span>About 30% of US soybean production is used for biodiesel (with another 47% exported).<span> </span>Of the crop cash receipts of $196.2 billion in 2018, corn and soybeans accounted for 43.9 percent of the total.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Feedstock for animal production represented 36% of agricultural production.<span> </span>It takes a lot of land and water and agricultural chemicals to make meats.<span> </span>The demand for meat is on the rise around the world.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black;">Employment</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<span style="color: black;">In 2018, there were 22.0 million full- and part-time jobs in the agricultural and food sector—more than one-tenth of total U.S. employment. <span> </span>There were about 2.6 million jobs on farms, or 1.3 % of U.S. employment. <span> </span>There were 19.4 million other jobs in agriculture and food-related industries. <span> </span>Of this, food service, eating and drinking places accounted for the largest share with 12.8 million jobs and food/beverage stores supported 3.2 million jobs. <span> </span>The remaining agriculture-related industries together added another 3.4 million jobs.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black;">Food Expenditures</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
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<span style="color: black;">In 2018, food represented 12.9-percent of the average American household's expenditures.<span> </span>That was third highest expenditure behind housing (32.8 percent) and transportation (15.9 percent). <span> </span>U.S. consumers spend the least amount on food compared to consumers in any other country.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">In 2018, the average U.S. household food expenditure amounted to approximately $7,923 per household (2.5 persons, so this comes to $3,169/person).<span> </span>It was $6,602 in 2013.<span> </span>Food was 12.6% of the median</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: black;">household income <span class="apple-converted-space">(</span><strong><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-weight: normal;">$63,030.00)</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>in 2019 – or 8.8% of the average household income (<strong><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-weight: normal;">$89,930.70)</span></strong>. <span> </span>Overall these figures represent the income of people in the middle class. These numbers can be deceptive.<span> </span>Median income is that value exactly halfway between the lowest and highest while average is the total income divided by the total households.<span> </span>M</span><span style="color: #222222;">iddle-class Americans, about half the total, have incomes ranging generally from </span><span style="color: black;">approximately $45,000 to $160,000.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">US population was 328.2 million in 2018 and there is a wide disparity of incomes.<span> </span>These averages are particular skewed by poverty (11.8%) at one end of the curve and wealth at the other.<span> </span>The threshold for a US household to be in the top 1% in 2019, for example, was $475,116.00.<span> </span>The one percent owned 32.4% of the US net worth in 2019.<span> </span>For the top 10%, the threshold was $328.551.<span> </span>The top ten percent owned 69.4% of the US net worth in 2019.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Food expenditures, and the types of foods consumed, vary according to income with roughly half the US population in the lower range.<span> </span>Food insecurity in the US was close to 16% (2017) of the population.<span> </span>There are numerous food deserts in American cities and in much of rural America were the average distance between food markets is 25 miles.<span> </span>Of the seventeen UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in a survey of progress in thirty American cities, Goal 2, Zero Hunger, ranked last.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">There is a lot of nutritionally related illness in the US.<span> </span>Quality foods can be difficult to obtain and too costly for the lower half of the US population.<span> </span>Much of our retail food is highly processed.<span> </span>There are excessive quantities of starches, fats and sweeteners in such products.<span> </span>The rising level of obesity and incidence of type 2 diabetes is largely attributed to poor food quality.<span> </span>Life expectancy in the US was already on the decline.<span> </span>A local food system provides healthier foods.<span> </span>It produces fresh and/or frozen food products.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">A very high percentage, in the range of 30 – 40%, of food is wasted in the US.<span> </span>The majority of this waste is in the home.<span> </span>It goes down the garbage disposal or into the landfill.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">The COVID – 19 pandemic resulted in empty store shelves.<span> </span>Supply chains were disrupted.<span> </span>Farmers were heavily impacted.<span> </span>Food processing facilities were closed.<span> </span>It is clear that our national and global food systems have vulnerabilities. Localized food systems would be more manageable and more secure.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Global Food System<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<span style="color: black;">Since the dawn of human civilization, food and economy have been virtually synonymous.<span> </span>Until modern times, communities were largely self-sufficient by necessity.<span> </span>There were some notable exceptions, such as Greece and Roman, that developed efficient cargo ships to move grains and other commodities around the Mediterranean Sea.<span> </span>The advent of steam power technology dramatically changed food distribution.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Since the latter part of the nineteenth century, agriculture has become an industry, increasingly global in extent and increasingly energy intensive.<span> </span>It has become highly centralized and controlled by a small group of major corporations.<span> </span>There are risks which include drought conditions around the world, conflict, political antagonisms and, particularly, resource scarcity.<span> </span>Shifting, erratic and extreme weather patterns have an impact on the global agricultural industry.<span> </span>A survey of multinational corporations placed water as the number one supply chain risk factor. <span> </span>Considerable farmland has been and continues to be lost as a result of erosion and urban development.<span> </span>The growing populations of those cities demanding food.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">The highly mechanized food system upon which the world now depends is vast, unimaginably complex.<span> </span>Reliable production of adequate foods and agricultural products is dependent upon a large variety of factors of both natural and of human origin.<span> </span>It takes a computer to manage large farms.<span> </span>A great deal of science has gone into industrial agriculture.<span> </span>There is a lot of chemistry.<span> </span>Crops are genetically altered for maximum production.<span> </span>Out of thousands of strains of food crops, we have narrowed the range to a relatively few varieties of food and these largely monocultures.<span> </span>Energy, particularly petroleum, continues to drive food production.<span> </span>A massive network of global organizations has been set up to finance and support development.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Over the past century and a half, the global food system has been a more or less successful race against Malthus.<span> </span>Malthus predicted that population would outstrip food production.<span> </span>Then came the industrial revolution.<span> </span>Over the course of the twentieth century global population nearly quadrupled.<span> </span>At current rates there will be nearly ten billion people living in 2050.<span> </span>More than one-tenth of the world population is undernourished.<span> </span>Roughly one in eight people in the US are food insecure.<span> </span>And that was up to 2019.<span> </span>This is not a model that gives one confidence in the future.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">The United Nations has set, and many organizations have adopted, a set of goals for sustainable development.<span> </span>These consists of providing a minimum of the basic needs for all people including food and health, reducing poverty and providing a variety of social services.<span> </span>Emerging economies are working hard to pursue higher standards of living.<span> </span>Achieving these goals will place additional demands on finite and non -renewable resources.<span> </span>Continued growth of population is the major stress factor. <span> </span>The 2020 Crisis as further stressed the economic system.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Not So Green Revolution<o:p></o:p></h2>
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<span style="color: black;">Agriculture is energy intensive.<span> </span>While not all of it is produced just by burning fossil fuels, US agricultural greenhouse emissions is 9% of total.<span> </span>The global share of greenhouse gas emission from agriculture is far higher.<span> </span>Over the course of the twentieth century and particularly during and following World War II, agriculture in the US has been increasingly mechanized – from horses to tractors to computer-driven harvesting, but also a lot of transportation, refrigeration and food processing involved.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Draft animals had to help produce more energy on the farm than needed to grow food and fiber.<span> </span>Farmers grew their own fodder and more for urban animals used for transportation.<span> </span>The model was of necessity sustainable.<span> </span>Now it takes an average of eight calories of energy to produce each calorie we consume.<span> </span>This is not sustainable.<span> </span>Eliminating draft animals opened more acreage to crop production but, as noted above, increasing shares of crops are going into biofuel production.<span> </span>As energy cost rise, so too do food cost.<span> </span>Fossil fuels will not last forever.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">During the 1960s there was a movement to extend extensive mechanical agriculture to developing countries.<span> </span>This involved farm machinery, irrigation pumps, genetically modified seeds, and farm chemicals including fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides.<span> </span>It was a humanitarian effort to address famine in much of the world.<span> </span>But it was driven by energy.<span> </span>The movement was ironically labeled the Green Revolution.<span> </span>It was more the color of oil.<span> </span>Petroleum is used to produce agricultural chemicals, packaging materials and other things.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Since the beginning of the “Green Revolution,’ world population has risen rapidly and with it the demand for food.<span> </span>The current rate of growth of agriculture demand is 1.5% per year.<span> </span>The massive agriculture industry has responded.<span> </span>Recently, McKinsey and Company, a $10 billion-dollar global consulting firm, published a prospectus on the potential of the agricultural industry; and yes, it is industrial agriculture.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">McKinsey noted that the global food and agribusiness is a $5 trillion industry, represents ten percent of global consumer spending, 40% of employment and 30% of greenhouse emissions. <span> </span>They estimated a 70% increase in demand for crops for human consumption by 2050 and a 100% increase in crops for animal feed as the developing world adds protein to its diet.<span> </span>They also noted the increasing use of food crops for energy production.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">The major restraints they found include: “40 percent of water demand in 2030 is unlikely to be unmet.<span> </span>Already, more than 20 percent of arable land is degraded.”<span> </span>In another study of multinational corporations a few years ago, water was listed as the number one risk factor in the global supply chain; followed by energy, other mineral resources and consequently agricultural products in general.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">McKinsey acknowledged the effect of the depletion of natural resource and climate change.<span> </span>They also noted the diminishing returns in productivity gains – dropping by half, from 2% to 1% since the 1960s and 1970s.<span> </span>That one percent represents 150 kilocalories per day in reduced world food supply.<span> </span>The expected contingencies, they stated, will likely introduce volatility in both input and output prices on the order of what has been seen with oil and metals.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">McKinsey sees these demands and constraints as an opportunity for financial investors.<span> </span>The focus is on technologies; thus, the need to “produce more with less.”<span> </span>They stated that from 2004 to 2013 global investments in agribusiness had grown threefold to more than $100 billion and that these investments have generated higher than average returns to shareholders. <span> </span>The growth of “more than 100 publicly traded food-and-agribusiness companies around the world increased an average of 17 percent annually between 2004 and 2013, compared with 13 percent for energy and 10 percent for information technology.” <span> </span>More than half of this growth is in emerging economies.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">While financial optimistic in the short run, these data make it clear that the global food system is far from sustainable.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Transition Centre<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<span style="color: black;">Transition Centre was established to promote development of resilient, which is to say more self-reliant, communities.<span> </span>We developed a preliminary model of a sustainable local economy in 2008.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Transition Centre was registered as a Pennsylvania non-profit organization in 2009.<span> </span>We have shifted our focus from sustainability, that is management of resources, to resiliency, or adaptive innovation.<span> </span>We have three primary themes:<span> </span>Resilient Communities, Foodshed Strategy and Leadership.<span> </span>Our program can be found on our web site at this <a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;">link</a><a href="applewebdata://1E36AF50-B156-4892-964D-CFAF63453A0A#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Local Economies and Food Systems<o:p></o:p></h2>
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<span style="color: black;">Our approach is highly localized.<span> </span>Local communities are places people call home.<span> </span>They are of a scale where we find a stronger sense of identity.<span> </span>It is a scale where we more clearly understand what is going on.<span> </span>And it is a scale where we have some control over the course of events.<span> </span>It is increasingly clear that scale and complexity are highly correlated.<span> </span>The greater the complexity the less adaptable and more fragile the system.<span> </span>Local is a scale were, with the proper tools, people can become more self-determining. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">We have been seeing a shift towards localization over the past years.<span> </span>Individual municipalities have taken the lead in achieving sustainability goals.<span> </span>There is a considerable dependency on federal, state and foundation funding, but it is clear that there is not enough money to cover the contingencies.<span> </span>The success of national programs has been less than promising.<span> </span>It is clear that there is no one-size-fits-all model.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">The local food system is the foundation of a resilient community.<span> </span>Upon that foundation can be erected the infrastructure of a robust and resilient local economy.<span> </span>Food is but one of fifteen core modules in the Transition Centre Resilient Communities Blueprint.<span> </span>It is, however, the keystone to local sustainable development.<span> </span>It is also potentially highly achievable where there is land, water and human resources.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Fresh water, arable land, energy and other mineral resources are critical variables in the global food equation.<span> </span>A local food system puts the management of these resources into the hands of your community.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">More robust local economies (and resilient communities) address the problem of economic instability.<span> </span>Local economies provide a model for achieving the objective of a more just and equitable world.<span> </span>It is a model that all communities around the world can follow – “raising all boats.”<span> </span>The values and practices of local, self-sufficient communities are virtually universal.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">As noted, modern agriculture (along with just about everything else) is driven by energy.<span> </span>Energy is required for production, processing and distribution of food and agricultural products.<span> </span>There is an increasingly high correlation between energy cost and food cost.<span> </span>A local food system can reduce energy inputs and dependencies.<span> </span>Localized economies can produce more of their own energy.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">There is a steady rise of food recalls due to both physical and biological contaminations.<span> </span>There were 3,000 food product recalls in the US in 2016.<span> </span>Nearly one in six Americans become sick from foodborne contaminates each year and about 3,000 die.<span> </span>A local food system provides more direct and immediate control of food quality.<span> </span>Accountability is close and immediate.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">A local community is a peer-level association.<span> </span>All aspects of community life immediately affect all of its members.<span> </span>Problems are immediately apparent.<span> </span>In democratic societies, there is a powerful feedback loop to identify and correct problems and to do so participatively.<span> </span>A localized economy defines itself.<span> </span>It may have its own currency.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Local Food Market<o:p></o:p></h2>
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<span style="color: black;">As noted, until modern times, communities were largely self-sufficient in producing their needs.<span> </span>That was of necessity.<span> </span>How that changed is apparent in US history.<span> </span>With the railroad came a national market.<span> </span>The steamship produced a global economy.<span> </span>Interstate highways completed the network.<span> </span>Refrigeration and canning produced new products and created mass-market distribution networks.<span> </span>We have become dependent upon a vast system over which we have little control.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Over the last few decades the local food movement has grown.<span> </span>Consumers want fresher, better quality, more nutritious foods.<span> </span>The current local food market is a lifestyle niche.<span> </span>Local, organically grown, products are costlier.<span> </span>They require discretionary income.<span> </span>That market must be developed to make it more generally accessible.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Foodshed strategy is about increasing the volume of food produced and consumed locally.<span> </span>“Local” means that the food is grown within a set distance of markets.<span> </span>The larger the market, the larger the size of the foodshed.<span> </span>A community such as mine, under 200,000 people, can draw the majority of its local food from a radius of 25 miles or less.<span> </span>Philadelphia with a metropolitan population of six million, has defined a 100 miles radius.<span> </span>New York City, with twenty million, 150 miles.<span> </span>These radiuses overlap.<span> </span>While suggestive, they require more exacting definition.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">A foodshed is defined by available farmland.<span> </span>Where there is good soil and adequate water, communities in the US can grow 95% of what currently appears in grocery stores.<span> </span>The remaining five percent represents optional but popular coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and such.<span> </span>Strawberries and blueberries may replace citrus in northern climes.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">In 2015 the USDA estimated that per capita spending on local food came to just under $27.<span> </span>They estimated the per capita food expenditure that year was $2,810.<span> </span>Local food expenditures were thus just under 1%.<span> </span>According to a Locavore survey, the amount spent on food varies considerably by state.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">To expand its market share, local foods must successful compete with the larger food economy.<span> </span>This means providing a better product at a competitive cost.<span> </span>It will take a Silicon Valley scale initiative to make this work.<span> </span>I believe Vermont has prototyped this model, but that approach may not be appropriate for all communities.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Expanding foodsheds requires entrepreneurial motivation.<span> </span>As any ecosystem must, they are required to produce at least as much energy as they consume.<span> </span>That might be construed as “profit.”<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Transition Centre Foodshed Strategy<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<span style="color: black;">The Transition Centre Foodshed Strategy advocates robust local food systems that provide significant social, economic and environmental benefits for participating communities.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Our strategy is ten percent in ten years.<span> </span>Ten percent provides a more achievable goal.<span> </span>There is also an economic incentive.<span> </span>Given the average American currently spends $3,100 and an established multiplier effect of some 30% in related spending, a ten percent local food strategy provides roughly $400,000 revenue per year per 1,000 people for food and related purchases.<span> </span>That income stays in the community.<span> </span>It can be invested to expand the community’s sustainable economy<a href="applewebdata://1E36AF50-B156-4892-964D-CFAF63453A0A#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">A local foodshed strategy will have to, and can, pay for itself in both tangible and intangible terms.<span> </span>As noted, there is simply not enough money to go around to fund sustainable development.<span> </span>It is thus a business/social/entrepreneurial model.<span> </span>But it is not “business” as usual.<span> </span>Each community is a micro economy that defines itself and not a scientific, global market, extrapolation.<span> </span>Ironically, this was the way a market economy was supposed to have worked.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Economy and ecology have the same root.<span> </span>“Eco” means home.<span> </span>By definition a foodshed strategy is holistic.<span> </span>It embraces the entire community as an ecosystem – people, built and natural environment – of which the foodshed is the foundation.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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The list of benefits of a strong local food system are many:<o:p></o:p></h2>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black;">Preserve and enhance the environment </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Creating your foodshed strategy<o:p></o:p></h2>
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<span style="color: black;">Every community is unique.<span> </span>Each must determine its own destiny.<span> </span>Or not.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Many communities have local food system strategies.<span> </span>A few, a sample listed below, have comprehensive plans for developing their local food systems.<span> </span>Plans define a vision, provide goals and establish policy.<span> </span>The gap between a good plan and implementation is well known.<span> </span>Achieving plan objectives require serous work.<span> </span>The Transition Centre Resiliency Blueprint provides guidelines to help create effective plans.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">While a foodshed strategy and plan is designed to fit local circumstances, our Blueprint is a master template applicable to local/foodshed development anywhere in the world.<span> </span>Around it each community can build its own comprehensive plan and related enterprises.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Ralph Borsodi<o:p></o:p></h2>
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<span style="color: black;">One cornerstone of the Transition Centre business model is the work of Ralph Borsodi.<span> </span>Borsodi was a leader for many years in a field of resilient living that embraced homesteading, organic food, appropriate technology, land trust, local currency and above all a model of life-long education to help people achieve self-reliance in both the material and spiritual sense.<span> </span>He had a keen appreciation of family and community.<span> </span>We have been restoring his considerable but fragmented and lamentably lost legacy.<span> </span>On the centenary of his establishing a model homestead in 1920, we published a blog with several chapters from an upcoming book at this <a href="https://ralphborsodiconfidentfuture.blogspot.com/" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;">link</a><a href="applewebdata://1E36AF50-B156-4892-964D-CFAF63453A0A#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Borsodi was a critic of centralized commerce and especially food.<span> </span>He was an early consumer advocate.<span> </span>He wrote several books on this topic.<span> </span>He was a leader in the back-to-the-land movement.<span> </span>He developed a landmark model for home production and local economies.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Borsodi was a pioneer in community land trust.<span> </span>He formed his first in 1936.<span> </span>The land trust provides access to land for a small long-term lease rather than a mortgage.<span> </span>In 1967 Borsodi, Schumacher Society (now Schumacher Center for a New Economics) founder Bob Swann, and others incorporated the International Independence Institute (III) based on Borsodi’s land trust model.<span> </span>They sought to secure land for homesteading communities in the US, India (where Borsodi worked for several years and often visited) and elsewhere. <span> </span>In 1967 Bob Swann helped establish a large African American community land trust in Georgia (New Communities) as the first major project associated with the III.<span> </span>The III program became the model of community land trusts.<span> </span>The Schumacher Center continues to lead in promoting community land trust.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Borsodi focused on personal, family and small community self-reliance.<span> </span>Transition Centre has scaled up his approach to embrace larger communities and their foodsheds.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Transition Centre Guiding Principles<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<span style="color: black;">I have described a number of the core principles to the Transition Centre business model.<span> </span>To summarize them:</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Localization:<span> </span>The place to start is locally.<span> </span>That’s all we can really understand and all we can control.<span> </span>If you can’t change the world, you can change a few square miles of it.<span> </span>It is above all about community and a community is a place where people are aware of each other and mutually supportive.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Ecosystem:<span> </span>A community is an ecosystem and we need to learn how nature designed this concept.<span> </span>The science is at this <a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2013/10/systems-ecology.html" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;">link</a><a href="applewebdata://1E36AF50-B156-4892-964D-CFAF63453A0A#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>.<span> </span>Above all it is a holistic, integral and interdependent network that works to maintain itself.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Vision:<span> </span>A clear and compelling model of what is to be accomplished.<span> </span>The vision must be something more than just a good idea.<span> </span>It is about transcending our current limitations.<span> </span>It is something both practical and essentially human.<span> </span>There is an element of what we may call the spiritual.<span> </span>It requires imagination and innovation.<span> </span>It takes a lot of work.<span> </span>The vision provides the motivation and energy needed to sustain the work.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Transformation:<span> </span>We either accept “business as usual” and bear the consequences or we attempt to undertake effective change.<span> </span>Our age is complex, out of equilibrium; in short problematic.<span> </span>It is in a state of continuous emergency.<span> </span>Our institutions are designed fix the problems and stay the course. <span> </span>They aren’t working well.<span> </span>We will have to do better.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Resiliency:<span> </span>Resiliency is about going beyond emergency management.<span> </span>It is no longer about managing or adapting to changes and emergencies but learning to thrive on challenges.<span> </span>It is about anticipation and preparation.<span> </span>That is, in fact, what nature made us to do.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Regenerative Economy (Link: <a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2017/09/reconomy.html" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;">REconomy</a>):<span> </span>If you want resiliency, you must work on the economy.<span> </span>Unless and until you transform the economy, society and environment will benefit at best marginally.<span> </span>We do not advocate planned or centralized economies but rather a framework for sustainable community and economic development.<span> </span>A healthy economy continuously renews itself.<span> </span>It is essentially a business model; if you want change, it must pay for itself.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Learning:<span> </span>We have the capacity to learn.<span> </span>The human brain is an organism for learning.<span> </span>In order to achieve our potential, we must refine the art and science of learning.<span> </span>Education must be broad and genialized.<span> </span>It gives us access to the accumulated wisdom of our species.<span> </span>We learn in order improve our understand and to build character and virtue but also to solve the practical problems of life.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Leadership:<span> </span>With effective learning resources we can prepare those with a capacity for effective leadership.<span> </span>Leadership is not authority, not dominance, but rather stewardship and inspiration.<span> </span>(See link:<span> </span><a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2017/09/deep-leadership.html" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;">Deep Leadership</a>)</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Planning:<span> </span>Significant projects require competent planning.<span> </span>The word “plan” is not a noun, it is a verb.<span> </span>Planning is a process, not a thing. <span> </span>An effective plan is a living document.<span> </span>It starts with an exacting statement of the problem/objective.<span> </span>It is not complete until its objectives are satisfactorily achieved.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Organization:<span> </span>Where people work together there must be organization.<span> </span>Under a plan a variety of roles and relationships are formalized, tasks and objective assigned and monitored.<span> </span>Again, it is not about hierarchies and command and control.<span> </span>It is about building a sense of community, of collaboration, of a common purpose.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Getting Started<o:p></o:p></h2>
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<span style="color: black;">Margaret Mead was famous for her statement about small groups changing the world.<span> </span>That is more than a platitude.<span> </span>What I call the Mead Minimum, drawn from her work, is five:<span> </span>Someone with an idea and four friends.<span> </span>If successful, they form a small core team around an innovative project or product.<span> </span>Effective, strong and unified, core teams provide the cohesion necessary to grow and maintain an organization</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Transformative change is not about doing the same things over and over again and expecting different results.<span> </span>New problems require new solutions and that means new thinking – thinking outside of the box.<span> </span>Transformative projects require the ideas embodied in the term “entrepreneurship.”<span> </span>That may be business or social entrepreneurship<a href="applewebdata://1E36AF50-B156-4892-964D-CFAF63453A0A#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>.<span> </span>They use the same basic tools.<span> </span>There is an art and science to achieving success.<span> </span>It is risky, even scary.<span> </span>It requires discipline and perseverance.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">You have to have that plan.<span> </span>A plan starts with a statement of a problem and a compelling reason to address it.<span> </span>It requires one or more objectives.<span> </span>Planning starts with learning and moves into action.<span> </span>Since we have objectives that have not been achieved before, or achieved under different circumstances, we need to learn what we can about the processes involved.<span> </span>As we clearly define the problem, solutions tend to arise.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Transition Centre went deeply into the process of planning itself.<span> </span>We explored a growing literature on sustainability plans:<span> </span>what works and what doesn’t.<span> </span>We learned that few plans were systematic.<span> </span>We understand the disconnect between plans and action.<span> </span>We know that the people who do the plan should be the ones to pursue it.<span> </span>Each model of our Blueprint is a separate plan.<span> </span>There is a team for each.<span> </span>What is of importance is to understand that all of these parts are connected, integral and interdependent.<span> </span>We have evolved a dynamic planning framework.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Models<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<span style="color: black;">We have found a large number of promising local foodshed models.<span> </span>Our work on the Borsodi legacy covers related efforts over the course of more than a century.<span> </span>We have the story of the American economy and agriculture.<span> </span>Case studies give us insight, programs and principles of the promising models across the country and around the world.<span> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">An outstanding example is the Vermont Farm to Plate program.<span> </span>Our case study for that can be found as this <a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2019/04/vermont-farm-to-plate-case-study.html" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;">link</a><a href="applewebdata://1E36AF50-B156-4892-964D-CFAF63453A0A#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">One of my favorite stories is about the Seattle Pikes Place Market.<span> </span>It was a pioneering effort.<span> </span>That market and the neighborhood around it were scheduled for urban “renewal.”<span> </span>Local citizen took up the cause, saved that incredible cultural landmark and established feeder farms around the city.<span> </span>Seattle thus initiated one of the first sustainability cultures in the country.<span> </span>There have been a number of others we have investigated.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">One way to get started is with a food council.<span> </span>There are many of them across the country.<span> </span>A food council is a group of stakeholders that provides support to community agencies and citizens in developing policy and programs related to the local food supply. The members of a food council have a solid understanding of the local food system and represent a diversity of community interests. The structure of a food council will vary depending upon the character of the community it serves. For instance, many food councils are designed to advise governments on policy and are referred to as food <i>policy </i>councils, while others focus their energies on work within the community. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Other notable examples that can be quickly found by search are:<o:p></o:p></h2>
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<span style="color: black;">Hudson Valley Foodshed</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Hardwick Vermont</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Cleveland 25% Shift.doc</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Portland Foodshed</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Ogallala Commons</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Desert Rose Baha’i School Greening the Sonora (</span><span style="color: #202124; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.5pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt;">Janet Ruhe-Schoen</span><span style="color: black;">)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Other dryland foodshed models</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Fish 2.0:<span> </span>Sustainable seafood business development</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Cleveland 25% Shift</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: black;">Chesapeake Bay Foodshed Network</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="applewebdata://1E36AF50-B156-4892-964D-CFAF63453A0A#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[1]</span></span></span></a> Transition Centre: <a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/">www.transitioncentre.org</a>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<div id="ftn2">
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<a href="applewebdata://1E36AF50-B156-4892-964D-CFAF63453A0A#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[2]</span></span></span></a> Ten Percent Local Food Video: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNRs7KopLxU&feature=youtu.be">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNRs7KopLxU&feature=youtu.be</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<div id="ftn3">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="applewebdata://1E36AF50-B156-4892-964D-CFAF63453A0A#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[3]</span></span></span></a> Ralph Borsodi: A Confident Future: <a href="https://ralphborsodiconfidentfuture.blogspot.com/">https://ralphborsodiconfidentfuture.blogspot.com</a>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<div id="ftn4">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="applewebdata://1E36AF50-B156-4892-964D-CFAF63453A0A#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[4]</span></span></span></a> Systems Ecology: <a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2013/10/systems-ecology.html">https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2013/10/systems-ecology.html</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div id="ftn5">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="applewebdata://1E36AF50-B156-4892-964D-CFAF63453A0A#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[5]</span></span></span></a> The B, or Benefit, corporation is a recent innovation that requires a business to provide social and or environmental benefit. The model requires transparency. Such businesses are often employee owned.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div id="ftn6">
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<a href="applewebdata://1E36AF50-B156-4892-964D-CFAF63453A0A#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[6]</span></span></span></a> Vermont Farm to Plate Program: <a href="https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2019/04/vermont-farm-to-plate-case-study.html">https://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2019/04/vermont-farm-to-plate-case-study.html</a><span class="MsoHyperlink">.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-54783117755589844432019-04-22T05:45:00.000-07:002019-04-22T05:45:44.141-07:00Is Climate Change the Cause or Effect?<div class="Bill" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in -13.5pt 0.0001pt -9pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
There is growing debate about the prospect of mitigating climate change.<span> </span>Recent scientific reports suggest that time is running out and that only extreme measures will prevent climate from rising above the 2<sup>0</sup>C threshold.<span> </span>My question is:<span> </span>Should we focus on climate or should we address specific issues that lie behind the rising rates of greenhouse gas emission and particularly the steady growth of world population?<span> </span>In short, what is cause and what effect?<o:p></o:p></div>
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In its October 2018 report the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) issued a warning that we have little time to limit global warming to 1.5<sup>0</sup>C:<span> </span>a drastic 45% reduction in carbon emissions by 2030 and down to zero by 2050.<span> </span>We have until 2075 to cut emissions to zero for the 2C target.<span> </span>Should we not meet these targets, the prospect for global warming is 3C to 4C or higher by the end of the century.<span> </span>With the pending withdrawal of the US from the Paris Agreement, uncertain response of other developed nations, continued rapid development of emerging economies, and a humanitarian program to bring the peoples of the world out of poverty, we have some troubling variables to deal with.<o:p></o:p></div>
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There has been a strong response to the IPCC report:<span> </span>people coming out and saying we have to do something.<span> </span>And it is not as if a lot isn’t being done.<span> </span>It’s a question of whether it will happen soon enough and at a scale sufficient enough?<o:p></o:p></div>
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The two key questions Transition Centre has asked are:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Do we know what we must do to achieve a sustainable future?<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Do we have the capacity to do that?<o:p></o:p></div>
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There is a third question:<span> </span>If not, then what?<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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By “what we must do” is not meant policy statements; it’s about the plan for achieving them.<span> </span>And yes, we have a variety of more or less comprehensive plans, so the real issue is about executing them.<span> </span>Are we willing to sweat out creating the organizations to affect change?<span> </span>Can we mobilize trillions (USD equivalent) to get the job done?<span> </span>Or rather, can we get it to pay for itself, e.g. through local regenerative economies?<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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The global economy is the driver of greenhouse gas emissions and a variety of other problems.<span> </span>We know we must change that economy.<span> </span>That requires reducing its dependence on fossil fuels.<span> </span>But there is also a list of critical resources, such as land, water and other mineral resources upon which the global economy depends.<span> </span>Do we understand that this economy, and the political systems that support it, are perhaps even more fragile than the environment?<o:p></o:p></div>
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The vision most people have of the future is one like Star Trek:<span> </span>An age of abundance, of endless energy, of peace and prosperity.<span> </span>It’s a grand vision but how do we get there?<span> </span>Does that depend on just luck, or perhaps the “invisible hand” of the market, or will it require more deliberate attention?<span> </span>Clearly, in order to achieve any future, we are going to have to act with a vision, with a plan, and with a determining will.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Timing<o:p></o:p></h1>
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Climate change is a relatively late arrival on the list of environmental/sustainability issues, but it has become potentially the most perilous prospect for the future of human society. <span> </span>Given that timing is everything, let’s look at the record.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The first COP (Conference of Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) was held in Berlin in 1995.<span> </span>In 1997 the Kyoto protocol (COP 3) established legally binding obligations for developed countries.<span> </span>Paris (COP 21) created an agreement in December 2015, open for signatures from April 2016 until April 2017.<span> </span>As of February 2019, 184 states and the EU have signed the Paris Agreement.<span> </span>The plan goes into effect in 2020.<span> </span>That is 25 years of work by a lot of dedicated people.<span> </span>There is much work yet to be done.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Action<o:p></o:p></h1>
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At what scale, at what level, do we act?<span> </span>Do we change the world or work with something we can change?<span> </span>The global economy is an incomprehensibly complex system.<span> </span>It is in a “far from equilibrium” state.<span> </span>At the global scale, with many major players, both political and corporate, there is nothing like a collective strategy.<span> </span>Can we solve climate change at this level of complexity and from the top down?<o:p></o:p></div>
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There is an old saying in the environmental movement:<span> </span>Think globally, act locally.<span> </span>Transition Centre is about localization.<span> </span>It is about creating resilient communities that meet much of their own needs.<span> </span>It is about creating an ecologically sound local economy.<span> </span>The Resilient Communities template starts with local food.<span> </span>The food system is the source of up to one-third of the planet’s greenhouse gases.<span> </span>It also embraces local renewable energy.<span> </span>It is zero-waste oriented.<span> </span>It is about vibrant communities – communities that are safe, healthy and secure.<span> </span>There are 22 components to the Resilient Communities template and an entry strategy, Vision 10 – 10, for pursuing each objective.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Resilient Communities is both a strategy for achieving zero carbon local economies and for adapting to the inevitable environmental, political and economic challenges of this century.<span> </span>Even small communities are complex, but they are more readily understood.<span> </span>These are the places we live, the people we know, the patterns of activity we are familiar with.<span> </span>The major players are only one or two degrees of separation away and can be met face-to-face.<span> </span>It is their home too.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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A Resilient Communities program can be started by a handful of people.<span> </span>It is their job to define what needs to be done in their community.<span> </span>It’s not unlike forming a business:<span> </span>you have to have something of value to offer.<span> It is about taking risk. </span>It’s not telling other people and organizations what they need to do to make things right, it is about doing the work to get the job done.<span> </span>It develops as a network of interested parties, by building a common vision and with participation.<span> </span>It requires organization, a plan, and leadership.<span> </span>It is not about single-issue projects but rather about putting the pieces together to get the big picture.<span> </span>It takes an integral, comprehensive, vision.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Success inspires other communities.<span> </span>We create the dots and then connect them.<span> </span>Dot by dot, community by community, we cover the Earth.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Bill Sharp © April 22, 2019<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">www.transitioncentre.org</span></span></a></div>
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Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-62198935413483161642019-04-08T08:12:00.000-07:002019-04-08T08:12:10.418-07:00Vermont Farm to Plate Case Study<h1 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; break-after: avoid-page; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Abstract</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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Interest in local food has been steadily progressing across the country.<span> </span>“Local food” is that which is grown near the people who eat it.<span> </span>On the average, something under one percent of the food consumed in the US is grown locally.<span> </span>Achieving ten percent local food (in ten years) is a threshold objective for a more robust local food system. <span> </span>In 2010, Vermont, a national leader in local foods, which was then at five percent, set the ten percent goal for 2020.<span> </span>They reached 12.9% local food in 2017 surpassing all expectations.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Local food expenditures increased from $114 million in 2010 to $289 million in 2017.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->A net of 6,559 new jobs were created.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->A net of 742 new businesses were created.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Food insecurity dropped from 13.2% to 9.8%.<o:p></o:p></div>
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This case study contains a brief outline, drawn from a variety of documents and articles, about the development and implementation of the Vermont Farm to Plate (F2P) project.<span> </span>The details can be found at the F2P web site:<a href="https://www.vtfarmtoplate.com/" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;">https://www.vtfarmtoplate.com</a>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The Vermont Farm to Plate project has made noteworthy progress.<span> </span>It is up for reauthorization by the Vermont legislature in 2019.<span> </span>As all great projects do, it has identified significant barriers to further progress that are portents for us all. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Transition Centre Resilient Communities and Foodshed Strategy<o:p></o:p></h2>
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Resilient communities require robust and diverse local economies.<span> </span>The Transition Centre Foodshed Strategy program (<a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/foodshed-strategy.html" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;">http://www.transitioncentre.org/foodshed-strategy.html</a>) proposes that local food is the foundation of resilient communities.<span> </span>There is a considerable literature and numerous planning documents about foodsheds in the US and many excellent projects and programs around the country.<span> </span>However, where progress is being made, it is often slow and challenging.<span> </span>We need to study these programs and understand the successful approaches to overcome the challenges and accelerate progress.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Transition Centre Foodshed Strategy focuses on localized planning and implementation and particularly scalability. <span> </span>It proposes a synthesis, a blueprint, for expanding local food economies for which Vermont stands out as a model.<span> </span>Saying that, there are a number of unique characteristics about Vermont that helped define their F2P program.<span> </span>All communities are essentially unique in character and temperament and each must create a program that meets its needs.<span> </span>Nonetheless, there are certain core practices that are essential and a clear framework of best practices to build on.<span> </span>These represent the “grammar” of a successful foodshed/resilient community enterprise.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span> </span>Background<o:p></o:p></h1>
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The Vermont Farm to Plate program was mandated by the Vermont Legislature.<span> </span>It was organized and carried out by a non-profit organization.<o:p></o:p></div>
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In 2008 Vermont’s dairy industry, 70% of the state’s agricultural economy, was in crisis.<span> </span>Over the previous three decades Vermont had lost over 20% of its farmland.<span> </span>Then came the 2008 recession.<o:p></o:p></div>
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In response, the state legislature created the Farm to Plate Investment Program and in 2009 tasked the Vermont Sustainable Jobs Fund (VSJF), which had been created by the Vermont legislature in 1995, as a 501c3, to bolster the state’s green economy, with developing and implementing a ten-year strategic plan to strengthen Vermont’s farm and food sector. <span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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The strategic plan had three objectives:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Increase economic development in Vermont’s food system, <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Create jobs in the farm and food economy, and <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Improve access to healthy local food for all Vermonters. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The legislature provided $100,000 and private foundations gave another $50,000 to start.<span> </span>The strategic plan took 2½ years and $300,000 to complete.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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VSJF has a small staff.<span> </span>Networking and stakeholder engagement were key ingredients to developing and implementing the plan.<span> </span>Some 1,200 people participated in meetings.<span> </span>Six work groups were formed to handle strategy, eight task forces were formed to address specific issues and five “cross-cutting teams” were created to make connections between them.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The Farm to Plate Strategic Plan was released in 2011.<span> </span>It had 25 goals and dozens of strategies to develop Vermont’s food system.<span> </span>That year the Farm to Plate Network was launched, “including more than 350 businesses, nonprofit organizations, government agencies, capital providers and educational institutions collaborating and aligning their activities in support of the strategic plan’s goals.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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As noted, there is an extensive, and excellent, body of research about developing local food systems.<span> </span>There are a lot of comprehensive and data-packed plans.<span> </span>Bringing those plans to fruition, however, is always a daunting challenge.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The key word in real estate is location, and in that respect, Vermont is certainly a leading candidate for a local food revolution.<span> </span>The important term, however, is organization.<span> </span>It takes a plan.<span> </span>It requires leadership.<span> </span>It requires great staff (leadership in depth).<span> </span>And it requires broad public support.<span> </span>VSJF brought these ingredients together.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Planning<o:p></o:p></h1>
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The January 2010 “Interim Report to the Legislature” by VSJF and the Sustainable Agricultural Council, gives insight into the scope and process for developing the strategic plan.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Over a period of six months, VSJF staff organized the planning process and achieved several of its objectives.<span> </span>These include a SWOT analysis, a ten-year blueprint, potential impacts and how to measure them.<o:p></o:p></div>
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They made an inventory of organizations and programs that impact Vermont agriculture and developed a comprehensive understanding of the state’s agricultural infrastructure.<span> </span>They developed a list of goals, objectives and strategies, identified investment priorities, made a review of policy, did detailed GIS mapping, and outlined potential initiatives.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGf1GlyTUTn0bRXryzPurEPkaLrpWjqpkB2I-Zc7FeqhiJSgaDpGBzJ0Wm8iN7dUCBgcjk1UtQP3fP_9spX-dN48ir_bOxl1uQAakWYdSje6P3E1pm5tfQNr6Q8PkOycG9H1r7rPxYAis/s1600/Vermont+Food+System+Diagram.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1369" data-original-width="1312" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGf1GlyTUTn0bRXryzPurEPkaLrpWjqpkB2I-Zc7FeqhiJSgaDpGBzJ0Wm8iN7dUCBgcjk1UtQP3fP_9spX-dN48ir_bOxl1uQAakWYdSje6P3E1pm5tfQNr6Q8PkOycG9H1r7rPxYAis/s320/Vermont+Food+System+Diagram.png" width="306" /></a></div>
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Attention was given to clearly defining some key terms such as “What is a food system?” and “What is local?”<span> </span>They developed an integral Food System Diagram and explored regional markets outside of Vermont.</div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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The first six months (2009) included research, stakeholder meetings and eight local food summits.<span> </span>A lot of effort went into networking.<span> </span>The proposed work for 2010 consisted of engaging stakeholders, holding working sessions on key issues, drafting the plan, and having it reviewed by stakeholder groups prior to submission to the state legislature in January 2011.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Nine researchers were also brought on board.<span> </span>There were reports studied, surveys and interviews conducted, and meetings held.<span> </span>There was close attention to feedback.<span> </span>A database of organizations was constructed.<o:p></o:p></div>
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A Farm to Plate project manager was hired, and a Strategic Plan Process Team was assembled.<span> </span>The Strategic Plan Process Team of 19 members includes the Vermont Secretary of Agriculture, University of Vermont faculty, agricultural-related organizations, farmers and farm-related businesses.<span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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The Plan<o:p></o:p></h1>
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The Executive Summary of the Farm to Plate strategic plan alone is a document of nearly 50 pages.<span> </span>It introduces the four chapters that represent the body of the plan.<span> </span>In short, the planning document is packed with facts – almost an encyclopedia of local food system planning.<span> </span>This is a planner’s document and an important resource for understanding how the plan, the framework, produced results<a href="applewebdata://D94C7936-FD0B-4FDE-844E-8D5A24FC3ADB#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="color: #954f72; text-decoration: underline;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The structure of the plan, how it was developed, and the process involved, are important.<span> </span>While the authority came from the top, the process was essentially conducted on the grassroots level.<span> </span>VSJF is a non-profit, not a government organization.<span> </span>There is thus less red tape.<span> </span>It has a small, cohesive staff.<span> </span>It is an economic plan with major social and environmental benefit; about business and jobs for producers, suppliers, processors and distributors, and encouraging investments.<span> </span>It is also about the health, well-being and quality of life for consumers.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Vermont is a small state.<span> </span>It is defined by geology – mostly up and down.<span> </span>The Connecticut River and watershed defines the eastern boundary, the west by the Lake Champlain basin beyond which lie the Adirondacks.<span> </span>There are just over 600,000 residents.<span> </span>Population density is low.<span> </span>There are no real cities.<span> </span>It is a beautiful place to live.<span> </span>Vermont is a state of mind.<span> </span>There is something of a sense of belonging, and of community.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The project started with a list of economic and social problems and a mandate to remedy them.<span> </span>It began with an understanding that there were considerable local resources to draw on – and then drew on them.<span> </span>It started with a local food economy already well above the national average at nearly five percent.<span> </span>VSJF’s mission was to catalyze change, which meant getting people engaged.<span> </span>Indeed, the best way to make a plan work is to engage the people the plan will impact to produce the plan itself and then to implement it.<span> </span>VSJF did that.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The plan is complex and packed with data.<span> </span>It can, however, be used as a model of an ecosystem (a framework Transition Centre has proposed).<span> </span>Human societies are ecosystems.<span> </span>Ecosystems are self-defining and essentially self-governing.<span> </span>If understood correctly they can be guided and nurtured.<span> </span>Social ecosystems tend to decline to a degree that people forget they are part of one.<span> </span>VSJF seems to have understood the necessity of building that ecosystem identity – something perhaps easier to do in Vermont.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The plan included 25 goals, each with a list of objectives:<o:p></o:p></div>
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Progress, 2018<o:p></o:p></h1>
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In the Farm to Plate “2018 Annual Report,” VSJF demonstrated that it had already, ahead of schedule, exceeded the goal to double Vermont’s local food production and consumption by a good margin (12.9%).<span> </span>The report continued to highlight networking and feedback and stated that the vast majority of stakeholders want to continue the program: “Respondents overwhelmingly felt that it is essential to have a plan which establishes a common vision and agenda with updated action steps and strategies …” <o:p></o:p></div>
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Five priority areas were identified.<o:p></o:p></h2>
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While significant progress has been made, a number of systemic problems persist:<o:p></o:p></div>
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First, Meeting Food System Employment Needs in Positive Work Environments.<span> </span>Finding and retaining employees is a major challenge which includes both attracting workers to food systems careers and developing needed skills.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Second, Improve Viability of Farms and Food Businesses.<span> </span>The Vermont dairy industry continues to struggle (as it does across the country).<span> </span>Alternative usage of pasture land includes raising grass-fed beef.<span> </span>This requires training in managing ranches and business investments.<span> </span>There are also a variety of infrastructure-related issues that need to be more fully addressed.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Third, Increasing Local Food Availability and Affordability in All Market Channels.<span> </span>This includes improving sales to “intermediate markets” such as “restaurants, grocers, schools, institutions, and distributors who explicitly support local producers.”<span> </span>Potential markets are targeted for education and technical assistance.<span> </span>A number of strategies are under study.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fourth, Increasing Consumer Engagement and Demand for Local Food.<span> </span>Increasing consumer awareness, education, agritourism, etc.<span> </span>Polls indicate that people will pay more for quality foods but also point out that work needs to be done to engage more people in making local food a part of their lifestyle.<span> </span>The approach is largely consumer education.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fifth, Protecting and Expanding Affordable and Environmentally Sustainable Farmland in Agricultural Production.<span> </span>More affordable farmland is required to support expansion of the local food program.<span> </span>Seventeen percent of Vermont farmland has been conserved.<span> </span>That is a great deal of at-risk farmland that needs protection.<span> </span>“A wide range of stakeholders and expertise must be involved in this work, from farmers to land use planners, farm business assistance providers to environmental experts.”<span> </span>Significant barriers have been identified that need to be addressed and work groups have taken on this task.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Structure and Operations<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<a href="about:invalid#zClosurez" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><br /></a>Vermont has achieved an essential ingredient in developing a more sustainable economy – a broad-based virtual organization.<span> </span>The Farm to Plate Network is made up of 350+ food system “businesses, non-profit organizations, educational institutions, funders and government agencies.”<span> </span>There is strong agreement that the network is building and strengthening relationships between partners and thereby enabling them to achieve their own goals.<span> </span>Networking is essential to any enterprise.<span> </span>People in a well-defined network tend to form a greater sense of community.<span> </span>They share information, learn new things, gain a better perspective on the food system statewide, and build trust/relationships and collaboration.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The 2018 Farm to Plate report listed 22 working groups and task forces.<span> </span>Their function is defined as:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZYopBCJ0AwvVCNI7BPNVdwqfBh26rYXq64M65ZP4KuGlaEYvNEQaNtDxZxPSSIVG9zAVegn-1wCMtme8Eu9q4I9z45BeNR8xyX0M-aXTyFBculENon6ZPgDQ3sqjntgQo1ZQnh76jLJc/s1600/Vermont+Network+Diagram+2018.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1528" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZYopBCJ0AwvVCNI7BPNVdwqfBh26rYXq64M65ZP4KuGlaEYvNEQaNtDxZxPSSIVG9zAVegn-1wCMtme8Eu9q4I9z45BeNR8xyX0M-aXTyFBculENon6ZPgDQ3sqjntgQo1ZQnh76jLJc/s400/Vermont+Network+Diagram+2018.png" width="381" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: MetaSerifPro, serif;">“Working Groups (WG) are at the core of the F2P Network, one for each major “systems lever”. <span> </span>Each WG takes responsibility for a set of goals, strategies, and indicators from the F2P Strategic Plan to further develop, implement, and monitor annually. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: MetaSerifPro, serif;">Cross-Cutting Teams (CCT) gather a few times a year to assess key issues that cut across the entire food system supply chain.<span> </span>CCTs can serve as a “community of practice” to share best practices and information across the Network, organize events, or conduct research to inform future network action. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: MetaSerifPro, serif;">Task Forces (TF) are formed by WGs or CCTs in order to implement high impact projects that address key objectives and strategies identified in the Strategic Plan. <span> </span>TFs are created and disbanded based on need.”</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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The 2018 report listed six VSJF staff and a budget of $654,708.<span> </span>Nearly two-thirds of the revenue came from private foundations (funding partners listed), a little over a quarter from the State of Vermont.<span> </span>Thirty percent of expenses were for personnel, 24% for general operations and 46% for projects. <span> </span>The bulk of project spending went into consumer campaigns, leadership stipends and an independent grocers project.<span> </span>In addition, some $1.6 million had been raised for business and technical assistance. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The VSJV serves as the administrator and backbone organization to the Farm to Plate Network and manages the analysis and goal tracking of the Farm to Plate Strategic Plan implementation. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">VSJF provides the following services to the Farm to Plate Network: </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<h1 style="-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; break-after: avoid-page; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0.5in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
The Future<o:p></o:p></h1>
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In October 2018, The University of Vermont and Vermont Housing and Conservation Board produced a report: “A 2018 Exploration of the Future of Vermont Agriculture.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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A continuing crisis is the Vermont dairy industry which represents 70% of the state’s farm sales.<span> </span>Problems include: “structural challenges affecting the dairy industry … resulting in historic farm losses across the state, negative profit margins for many farms, and slow and steady declines in farm equity for many farm families.” <span> </span>Few New England farmers over 65 have a potential successor.<span> </span>The risks include underutilized land and loss of farmland. <span> </span>Regulations, international trade and technology are additional risk factors.<o:p></o:p></div>
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A broad range of initiatives have been employed over the past 40 years but are not sufficient to address the continued declining trend. <o:p></o:p></div>
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This report is addressed to stakeholders and invites them to join a conversation “specifically<span>seeking input on: </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Other strategies that support a thriving agricultural landscape that we may have omitted from this paper; and <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Any data on the efficacy of any strategy, whether listed in this paper or not, especially as measured by the amount of financial investment required, the number of acres kept in agricultural production, and ancillary social and environmental benefits. “<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div>
Bill Sharp (c) March 12, 2019<br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="applewebdata://D94C7936-FD0B-4FDE-844E-8D5A24FC3ADB#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 8pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">I have made a more detailed analysis of the planning documents, process and goals drawn from a variety of documents.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-28751040985691148842018-12-15T08:26:00.000-08:002018-12-15T08:26:06.870-08:00Spengler at a Century<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
All good things,
they say, must come to an end.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
history of our planet is about a lot of beginnings, endings and new
beginnings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Living things are mortal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Are societies living things?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Must they too come to a natural end?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Human history has in fact been about a lot of
beginnings, endings and new beginnings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Civilizations came and went.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
now we are part of a civilization that encircles the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s by far the grandest thing human beings
have created. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Will it last?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The great
majority of people do not think this civilization will end in their lifetime
but we are nonetheless concerned about a lot of issues that define life for a
steadily growing number of people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
invest a lot of time and money into mitigating risks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The twenty-first century brought us a new
department of government:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Homeland
Security, or Emergency Management as it is often called at the state
level.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It came out of global terrorism
but also embraces natural disasters like extreme weather, floods, droughts and
fires, earthquakes and such.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It includes
global warming and sea-level rise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
also embraces potential human-caused disasters such as nuclear power plants and
chemical spills.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It acknowledges the
increasing risk and instability of modern civilization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It seeks to mitigate the effects if not identifying
and fixing the root causes.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The US insurance
industry is worth over a trillion dollars. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>US health care spending is in the range of
$3.5 trillion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do we need to think about
an insurance policy on our children’s and our community’s future?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Spengler, 1918</h1>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Over the last
century a lot of sages have tried to understand the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some were science fiction writers, others
university professors, some journalists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Many, but by no means all, were optimistic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the root of doubtful writers you usually
find Oswald Spengler.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
A century ago,
Oswald Spengler painted a depressing vision of the future of western
civilization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His best seller, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Decline of the West,</i> came out at the end
of World War I (1918).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That war
certainly had an effect on Spengler’s popularity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The then called Great War had been a
horror.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nearly 16 million had died,
nearly half civilians.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It decimated the
youth of Europe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The war was driven by
industry:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Battleships, airplanes, tanks,
massive artillery, machine guns, poison gas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This war made it clear that industry could produce horrific destructive
power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the war came to an end, a flu
epidemic took the lives of another 20 million people.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The massive slaughter
of that conflict deeply affected a generation of writers and their
readers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A revised and expanded (two
volumes) edition of Spengler’s book was published in English in 1926.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1929 came the Wall Street Crash and the
start of the Great Depression.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then came
World War II – industrial war on steroids.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It produced jet airplanes, the atomic bomb and long-range rockets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Following World War II, the Cold War cast a
deep shadow of doubt about the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An
abridged edition of Spengler’s book was published in 1959.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Spengler has been widely read and while often
criticized remains a classic for those trying to understand our future
prospects <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
A century has
passed since Spengler first published his classic book and history continues to
progress, indeed at a breathtaking rate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I believe continued interest in Spengler is because there is more to his
massive work than merely an apocalypse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Spengler was more of a philosopher than historian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He sought to understand essential patterns in
history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After Gibbon’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire</i>
(1776), historians became acutely interested in the fact that civilizations
rise and fall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They began to speculate
about the cause of the decline of great cultures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A dark mood lay over Europe towards the end
of the nineteenth century with the curious name “fin de siecle” – suggesting an
ending:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A worldview of despair and
exhaustion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was Spengler’s time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It shaped the gloomy existentialist
philosophy, developed largely in France, and the post-modernist view that
continues to influence both Europe and America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It’s a cynical, despairing and often a barbaric philosophy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its influence lingers.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The late nineteenth
and early twentieth centuries were unprecedented in the course of history. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rapid, accelerating and overwhelming changes
in industry and technology created mounting anxiety.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Darwin, Marx and Freud did not paint
encouraging pictures of human nature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Neither did Nietzsche.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Novels
took on a dark and troubling cast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Modern art and music grated the senses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The war merely confirmed that something was amiss with modern
civilization.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The apocalyptic
tone also appeals to the millennial Christian movements that sprung up during
the mid-nineteenth century and that movement has a strong following today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bible</i>,
The Revelation of St. John, predicts the inevitable end of times.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
For all this
gloom, Spengler’s classic has had an enduring influence in many different
academic fields and among the lay public for a variety of reasons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That the book, in one (abridged) or two
volumes, continues to attract readers is in no small measure due to the depth
of the anxiety that haunts the world in the twenty-first century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The list of seemingly irresoluble problems
just keeps growing.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Spengler Biography</h1>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Spengler was born
in 1880 in northern Germany to a comfortable middle class family.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His father was a minor public official.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His mother inherited a considerable fortune.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Young Oswald was frail and withdrawn and
given to daydreaming about German armies gaining victory throughout the
world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Germany’s empire was at its apex
and its industry and science unexcelled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>German universities were a mecca to scholars, particularly American’s,
who brought home the idea of the German research university.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Oswald did well in Latin and Greek and
excelled in mathematics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He loved
poetry, music and drama.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He developed a
great interest in Goethe and Nietzsche.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He developed a strong aversion to orthodox Christianity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
At university,
Spengler studied Greece, Rome, mathematics and the physical sciences and wrote
his doctoral dissertation on Heraclitus, a pre-Socratic philosopher.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Heraclitus is famous for the line: “War is
the creator of all things.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Heraclitus developed
a metaphysics based on the fundamental unity of all nature with fire as the
primary substance, an idea that deeply influenced Spengler.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
After receiving
his degree, Spengler taught mathematics and physical sciences in high
schools.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He added history and German
literature to his teaching subjects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
is reputed to have been a good teacher but was rather humorless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His mother died in 1910 and left him
moderately independent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He decided to
move to Munich the following year and pursue a career as a writer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Drawn by the heightening tensions in Europe,
he became immersed in the fields of politics and history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1911 he was already convinced Europe was
on the road to a global war. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Spengler was
twice passed over for military service because of his health.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite considerable privation <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">during the war</span> he worked steadily on
the first volume of <i>The Decline</i>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Following
publication he quickly gained fame.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some
100,000 copies were sold before the release of the second volume.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While he received widespread public acclaim,
he was rejected by academia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Spengler was
an independent scholar (albeit he lacked nothing in terms of scholarly
credentials) and an amateur historian.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As such he was intensely criticized by university scholars but in final
analysis his reputation and work far outlived most of his critics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Hit by disastrous
inflation in 1923 the German people embraced Spengler’s prophecy of doom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They found parallels between the disaster of
the war for Germany and the thesis of the general decline of western
civilization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They took some satisfaction
from the fact that in defeat they were really in no worse shape than much of
humanity. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1927 Spengler suffered a
stroke from which he never fully recovered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He continued to write and speak on political and historical issues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He refused to join the Nazi Party and
strongly criticized them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They in turn
forbid the mention of Spengler’s name in the public media.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Spengler died on May 14, 1936 of a heart
attack.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The Rise of Civilizations</h1>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Human
civilization emerged some 5,000 years ago in places like Egypt, Mesopotamia,
India and China.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was an outgrowth of
the development of agriculture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Early
farmers settled into villages and villages eventually became city-states.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The first
civilizations are now dusty heaps of ruins.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Others followed, also now in ruins. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two-dozen major cultures (and hundreds of
lesser ones) came and went.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While some
had disastrous endings, the others more or less followed Spengler’s pattern
into inevitable decline.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
For the West, the
foundation of our culture is ancient Greece and Rome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alexander created a vast Greek empire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rome swallowed Greece and dominated the
Mediterranean world for a millennium.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>With the fall of Rome came the so-called Dark Ages and then modern
European civilization emerged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now it
has become a global phenomenon.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Society as an Organism</h2>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Spengler’s main thesis
is that civilizations, like biological organisms, are born, grow, decay and die
and that they do so within a fixed and predictable life cycle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Spengler, in brief, pointed out that
civilizations, like all living entities, must come to an end.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The decline of our present civilization is
natural and inevitable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Spengler wasn’t
alone in his prediction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Historian
Arnold Toynbee in his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A Study of History</i>,
while having his own theory about the rise and fall of civilizations,
documented two-dozen now extinct civilizations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He lamented the poor state of our current one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lewis Mumford wrote an extensive critique of
modern urban society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ralph Borsodi
wrote <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">This Ugly Civilization</i> (1929)
and other books critical of urban-industrial society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He promoted an alternate, more humane,
culture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Today bestselling writers such
as Joseph Tainter (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Collapse of
Complex Societies</i>, 1988) and Jared Diamond (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Collapse:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How Societies Choose
to Fail or Succeed</i>, 2005) echo this pessimism.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Spengler’s
historic social process involves two major phases.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First is Culture, the creative period during which
“a great soul awakens.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is the
creative, spiritual, phase of the society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Eventual Culture declines into Civilization during which genuine
creativity disappears and it subsides into “cold, abstract reason.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He did not divide history into epochs, i.e.
Ancient, Medieval and Modern, but rather into eight separate High
Cultures:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Babylonian, Indian, Chinese,
Egyptian, Arabian, Mayan-Aztec, Classical Greece and Rome and Classical and now
Western European.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Spengler recognized
that the modern European personality emerged during the Classical period.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the Greeks, biography (ego) begins to appear
for the first time and with it a sense of history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Hellenic dramatic hero struggled with
alien forces, forces so great he is often defeated by them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is fate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ultimately, in Western Europe, the Faustian personality emerged where we
find a soul possessed of a limitless will-to-power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We begin to think that we can determine our
own fate.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Where Classical
civilization is static and bounded by a narrow horizon, modern society is
dynamic, innovative and boundless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
opened the world to exploration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It produced
the calculus, a mathematics of motion and of functions rather than concrete
numbers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It produced non-Euclidian
geometry – culminating in multi-dimensional space and the theory of
Relativity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its architecture was defined
by the gothic, the great cathedrals, which viewed from within expressing a
straining, a thrusting upward towards the light, given an ethereal,
otherworldly quality by stained glass.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Its music is also uplifting, stirring and inspiring.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Faustian empires spread across the globe.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Faust and the West</h1>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The archetype character
Spengler used to define Western civilization and the modern era was Goethe’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Faust</i>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Goethe’s <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">story</span> (as is Shakespeare’s <i>Macbeth</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">)</span> is tragic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Faustian (wo)man
is lead to destruction not by fate, as with the classics, but by his/her own
deeds, by the pursuit of the will-to-power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Faustian Man emerges independent of the church, but in Goethe’s
rendition, falls victim to Satan, or Mephistopheles (actually a German folk
demon).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Faust made a deal with the Mephistopheles,
sold his soul, to extend his knowledge and power. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Our Faustian
Culture emerged about 900 CE.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
monarchal nation states began to emerge then.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As Faustian Culture begins, two estates form, the nobility and the priesthood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The former are doers and warriors acting from
instinct.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The latter are rationalizers
and systematizers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These two estates
continually struggled with each other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At the base of society is the peasantry who lead a plant-like existence
with close ties to the soil and cycles of the seasons, of birth and death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
After a
millennium, Faustian culture has run its course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The priests created an intellectual culture,
the height of which is Aquinas’ <i>Summa Theologia</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> (1485)</span>, a system of exacting rules for the salvation of the
soul.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This rigid order was briefly broken
by the Protestant Reformation, which seeks to return religion to its original
roots.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Protestants displayed a
joyless and humorless “Hell on earth” attitude. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But they were earnest and sober and soon, in
the sixteenth and seventeenth century, produced science – a new dogma based
upon the Laws of Nature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the scientists,
the new fact men, replaced the priests, the nobles are replaced by the business
entrepreneur and by professional military leaders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The industrial revolution emerged in the late
eighteenth century and with it the philosophy of Hume and Smith and the idea of
the power of money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At this stage, the
end is coming.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
According to
Spengler, “Caesars” would emerge out of the era of contending states, reaching
their Faustian apogee with the wars of the twentieth century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Spengler was not, however, impressed by the
likes of Hitler and Stalin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The despots
of the twentieth century didn’t make the grade Spengler defined as
Caesars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is clear that Spengler,
while impressed by the potential of America and Russia, had a limited
understanding of the future of these two great powers, let alone the Cold War. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They created a dynamic during the twentieth century
that shaped our history in ways Spengler perhaps did not anticipate.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the later
stages, Spengler wrote, great cities emerge that dominate society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That has happened.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The inhabitant of the megalopolis is
“rootless, atheistic, and thoroughly materialistic.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are busy but show relatively little in
the way of original creativity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
vigor of the people declines and stoicism sets in as the dominant
philosophy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The family declines.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A new, superficial, spirituality
emerges.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>History comes to an end.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The entire civilization collapses into the
state of the “Fellaheen” mass of people “without vitality, direction or
destiny.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Much of Spengler
is, without question, personal biases.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His influence is more in terms of his literary imagination than history
but that does not diminish his importance. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It rather adds to it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If he awakens something in our imagination he
is speaking to that in us that is like the demon that haunted him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As we journey through our own bewildering
world we must become acutely sensitive to the signs it offers us – for we are
part of it and it is part of us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have
learned that there are patterns even in chaos and that our most disturbing
dreams are redolent with unexpressed ideas and feelings.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
A century has
passed and we are still here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
twentieth century was a profoundly historical period with unprecedented changes
and attention grabbing events.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since
1918 we have had a global economic collapse, an even more horrendous global war
that spawned the atomic bomb, the cold war and arms race, and a globalized
economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the twenty-first century we have
political and economic instability, global terrorism, continued rising population,
accelerating resource depletion and climate change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For all that, only about one in seven people
believe the world will end in their lifetime.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(It’s closer to one in five for those below 35.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is still an age of optimism, albeit an
anxious one.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The Spirit of Societies</h1>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
More than the
inevitable cycle of civilizations, what most attracted me to Spengler was his
claim that each culture has its own “spirit,” its own way of engaging with its
world. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That underlying essence defines
art, architecture, literature and polity. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Goethe suggested and Jung later described,
there is always the dark side to the soul.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The West is bound to succumb to the dark side.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Star Wars series seems to take us into
this myth.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Spengler
elaborated the Faustian model in some detail and used it to describe the emergence
of western culture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are unique in the
history of the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The spirit of our
era is defined by the opening of the world, following Columbus and others, and
the massive expansion of knowledge with printing and the emergence of science
and technology and then the industrial revolution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These events were an expression of the soul
of this era – the energy and creativity of Culture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Columbian era was the peak. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We got greedy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Spengler believed that we sold our collective soul for knowledge and
dominance of nature, human society and an entire world to play with.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As with all civilization, we ran our course and
are now in inevitable decline.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As noted,
a pessimistic philosophy had in fact already taken root in Europe in the late
nineteenth century.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nietzsche was its
iconic expression.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This trend continued
into the twentieth century with existentialism and post-modernism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We find it today in movies and the digital
media.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Toynbee and prominent
Harvard sociologist Pitirim Sorokin (below) concurred with this decline motif,
albeit both believed a new civilization would form.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Throughout history there has always been
another people waiting in the wings – waiting for their chance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now we are a single, all-encompassing, global
civilization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have also consumed the
lion’s share of the more readily available nonrenewable resources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Should our current economic system breakdown;
it would be incredibly difficult to build another industrial society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are those who consider industrial
history an anomaly, that perhaps agrarian society is our natural form.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Followers of Jefferson and Emerson might find
that a good idea.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Following the
collapse of the Soviet Union, globalization of the economy dramatically
restructured the way we live.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And then came
the Internet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Material progress has been
astonishing over the last decades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
brought emerging economies into the western cultural arena.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
This unrelenting
massive change has been a great strain on our collective nervous system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The twenty-first century witnesses a growing
gap between the wealthy and the rest of us, the decay of institutions, confidence
in governments and a deepening social malaise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We are increasingly bound by rules and regulations, in effect a
hardening of the arteries. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It brought
what many see as a decline in moral fiber. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These are characteristics predicted by
cyclical historians that mark the end times.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Did Spengler
anticipate the twenty-first century?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Metaphorically, I believe he did.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>While he would not have imagined our digital world, he did anticipate a
decline in social vitality, creative energy, the rise of vast cities, the
centralization of authority (both political and economic), the depletion of
non-renewable resources and human impact on the health of the natural world
upon which we depend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That this is a
transitional stage of history cannot be doubted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The great majority hopes for continued progress
– a Star Trek future – an unending frontier.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This is an echo of the Faustian spirit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Nonetheless, it should be noted that we also seem to have lost that
compelling vision of an infinite, pioneering, future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We no longer have a collective sense of
destiny.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For Spengler, “civilization”
was but a ghost of the spirit that created the society.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Toynbee and Sorokin</h2>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Spengler might
have faded from history had it not been for the works of two other cyclical
historians who, starting in the 1930s, attracted wide public, and academic,
recognition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first was the renowned
British historian Arnold Toynbee who published <i>A Study of History</i> in ten
volumes (1934 - 61), along with a host of other books.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A two-volume condensed edition was published
in 1946.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Toynbee was a professional
historian and added considerably to the number of civilizations, tripling the
number Spengler defined, and developing a much more elaborate theory of
historical development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Somewhat more
radical was the four volume <i>Social and Cultural Dynamics</i> (1937 -41) by
Russian expatriate, Harvard founding sociologist, Pitirim Sorokin. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sorokin examined the culture and values of
civilizations in thin slices of time since the first.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He defined two stages of a civilization:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1) Ideational, or the rise, and 2) Sensate,
or the decline.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An ideational society is
vigorous, moral and creative.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sensate is
materialist, hedonistic, alienated and unfocused.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>History is an oscillation between the two
states.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While this differs somewhat from
Spengler’s Culture and Civilization phases, the outcome is much the same.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sensate marks the decline of a once great
society.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Both remarked on
Spengler, both reject much of his romantic drama, but they also suggested
scenarios in which western civilization declines and falls, albeit not with the
finality of Spengler’s prophecy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Toynbee
and Sorokin had a more optimistic sense of the qualities of our human
species.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A new civilization has always
emerged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is the product of a creative
minority and a powerful new idea – a potent new expression of spirit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can we find evidence of that new spirit in
the world today?<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The future isn’t what it
used to be<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></h1>
<div>
<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
It was, not so
long ago, popular to predict the future.
Science fiction writers, going back to Verne and Wells, had been doing
it long before Spengler’s book and a horde of popular writers stayed busy at it
during the twentieth century. Futurist
brought in statistics to try to make a science of it. It didn’t work. Many things predicted didn’t happen. Many things that happened were totally
unpredicted.</div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
A lot of people
think that trying to influence the future is futile.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nonetheless we have hopes, dreams, fears and
worries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are certain new trends
that are of concern, albeit not universally, like climate change, running out
of oil, economic instability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But there is
always hope.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
I believe that history
can be affected by individual or group behavior.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gandhi, Churchill, King, the American
Founders, and many others, had an impact on history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We can tell such stories about business from
Carnegie and Rockefeller to Gates and Jobs and Musk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were visionary leaders and had creative associates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They all achieved certain goals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They also made compromises.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They experienced setbacks and failures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every business and nonprofit, many groups and
associations, are started with the intent of making a dent in the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some do that.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
There are a lot
of factions, beliefs and biases involved in daily life and politics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have to learn to realistically understand
the dynamics of our stage of history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
need to question our pet assumptions, dogmas and ideology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Mark Twain once remarked, it isn’t so much
what we don’t know that causes our problems, as it is all the things we are
certain about that just aren’t true.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Spengler 2018</h2>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Broadly speaking
there are three possible future scenarios:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->A Star Trek future of unlimited progress and
potential.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->A collapse of global civilization and a
Spenglerian future.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Something in between.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The reality of
life on Earth today is that it is highly stressed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Global society is vast and economically
interdependent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is unimaginably
complex.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rate of change, already
stunning, accelerates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The term
“disequilibrium” is used.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Call that
“chaotic” if you will.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
A lot has
happened in living memory, since World War II.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There was the Great Society period; Civil Rights, student protest on
campus, civil unrest and riots in major cities, the war in Vietnam, the
Counterculture and Human Potential Movement, continued escalation of the Cold
War, the hydrogen bomb and ICBM, landing on the moon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The digital era brought the personal
computer, the Internet, cable TV, the cell phone and mobile devices.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It brought Google, Facebook, Amazon,
Wikipedia and a host of cyber services. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Things have changed – for the better or worse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For all its benefits, digital technology has increased
the level of complexity by a quantum leap at least.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
As the
twenty-first century begins to unfold, it has become increasingly clear that we,
and this includes our leaders and their institutions, have neither a clear
vision nor a plan for the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Optimists can happily stand on unfounded assumptions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For the gloomy fatalist, there is no future
at all worth having.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
There is no doubt
we are in a high-risk environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
all feel it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That feeling, Spengler
might say, is a loss of spirit, a loss of confidence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It dulls our perception.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anticipation is an important part of our
thinking process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We need to look
ahead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We need to think about the consequences
of our acts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We need a plan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
We know that to
achieve a goal we have to constantly adapt to the unexpected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most of all, we need to have the attitude
that we can handle it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nature, after
all, designed the human brain to solve problems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is more a matter of spirit, of
self-confidence, of clarity and certainty that allows us to choose to create a
good future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The future is not ten years
from now.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is what unfolds in the next
minute, hour or day.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Do we have the
right to suggest that we might create a new and compelling vision and that the
visionaries might work for an alternative future, at least on a limited
scale?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If all goes well, nothing is
lost.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the world goes to hell there
might just be islands of hope to guide the next stage of human history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such islands will be the product of a vision,
a spirit, and the will to determine our own destiny.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Cove Institute<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></h1>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
During the period
following World War II a new and transformational vision of human destiny
emerged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was called the Human
Potential Movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Among its leaders
was a sense that we had reached the threshold of a new, more enlightened
civilization. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That didn’t happen but a
lot of new ideas were introduced into the general culture about personal wellbeing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That, however, is a mixed blessing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In an important sense, the twenty-first
century represents a ripening of Sorokin’s sensate culture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The focus is on the Facebook self.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We live in the present moment, eyes fixed to
a tiny screen, an attention span of mere seconds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We crave personal affirmation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is a long way down from the Faustian
sense of limitless space, of power.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The Cove
Institute<a href="applewebdata://89A205CD-42F5-48E6-B76C-8E9DA80EA4D4#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
was formed (informally) just a few months after the 9-11 terrorist attacks. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Cove vision, however, had been slowly
forming for nearly two decades.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It began
as the transformational vision of the Human Potential Movement faded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Five leaders in the Human Potential Movement,
including the man who named it, mentored this process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They brought nearly 200 years of experience
to the table. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We did an after-action
exercise:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What happened?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What have we learned?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What went wrong?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What did we gain from the experience?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
The cornerstone
of the Cove Institute framework is the question:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can we control our own destiny?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By virtue of reason and/or faith we have to
decide that we will.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our core principle
is that we were formed by nature to solve problems, to adapt, and indeed to
improve our lot. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We must exercise our
natural talents to create a broader understanding of the conditions of the
world, to define the root problems that must be addressed in order to change
the course of events, and to devise solutions to achieve desired objectives.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
In effect this is
how we form a business or nonprofit organization:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Vision, plan, action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In reality it requires a deep understanding
of the world we live in, an ability to grasp complexity, to see the whole
picture, to perceive patterns of interaction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And it requires the skill to intervene, to make adjustments, to adapt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These tools are available but rarely part of
a university curriculum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We need a new
school that teaches the knowledge and skills needed to master our time.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
This approach
does not propose to save the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
dynamics, the energy, of the global political and economic system are
inconceivable in power and scope.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
old order can’t be reformed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>History
suggests that the old must die so the new can be born.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rebirth is a powerful metaphor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>New beginnings often suggest an alternative
approach to life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This process is not
causal, not passive, but active.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It a
real sense it requires a reboot of the Faustian vision but we must become aware
of where we have been and what needs to be changed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Faustian spirit has run its course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We must understand what is emerging now and
nurture a new spirit.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
We must ask at
what scale can we affect positive change?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Cove Institute vision started with the idea of resilient learning
communities – small communities dedicated to the mission of learning how adapt
to what we believe are inevitable challenges.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It has been said that we cannot predict the future, but we can create
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From Toynbee to Mead we are told
that small groups can change the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Yes, that takes hard work and a bit of luck but we have the tools to do
the job.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We know how.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We need to will.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
We have learned a
great deal about how nature works – a great deal about ecosystems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We understand that a community is an
ecosystem just as a forest or lake is an ecosystem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet our economy does not function as an
ecosystem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have learned a great deal about
complex and high-energy systems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Increasing complexity requires increasing energy to maintain order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s an uphill struggle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Spengler perhaps knew about entropy – the
lost of order in increasingly complex systems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The more energy you pump into a system the more unstable it becomes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The more unstable it becomes, the more energy
we pump into it to try to keep it going.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The smaller the scale of the system and the better you understand its
ecosystem, the better chance you have of managing it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or more importantly, the better chance you
have of forming it into a more resilient organism that can withstand extreme
stresses.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Where do we
start?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A cornerstone of the Cove
Institute framework for achieving an alternative future is in my book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Self-Reliance:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Achieving Personal Resiliency and
Independence</i> (<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07J1Q84RZ/ref=sr_1_6?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1538681689&sr=1-6&keywords=sharp+self-reliance">Link</a></span>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We must developing and mobilizing leadership
potential.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This book is a major step in that
process. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Leadership is the
foundation of community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Self-Reliance</i> proposes that healthy
people are required to form healthy communities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We need people who can comprehend the vast
complexity of life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That capacity defines
this new leadership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We need people who
are attuned to nature and to human nature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In short, we need a new idea of what leadership means.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That idea is an expression of the spirit that
could define the next phase of our history.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
It should be
clear that I do not embrace Spengler’s endless dark age.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But I do find merit in his speculations about
the inevitable and tragic end to modern society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We don’t know if, when or how such an end
might come.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whatever happens, we need to
work on the problems this era of history mandates us to solve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That could mitigate the impact, turn the
course, or give us workable options to adapt to what is going to be the
consequences of a rising scale of change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And it could lay the foundation for a new, more humane society.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Bill Sharp<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Transition
Centre/Cove Institute<o:p></o:p></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
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<a href="applewebdata://89A205CD-42F5-48E6-B76C-8E9DA80EA4D4#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"> CI was named for a cove on the Pacific coast
where several meetings were held.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-65752923468824199422018-10-29T12:49:00.002-07:002018-11-10T07:00:30.046-08:00Building A Resilient Community<br />
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Bill Sharp © October 29, 2018<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[1]</span></span></span></a></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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What is the most pressing problem we face today?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I believe it is the need to rebuild
communities to have the resiliency to withstand the inevitable challenges of
this century. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We want communities that
are safe, secure and stable.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Transition Centre (TC) Resilient Communities is a model for
achieving the capacity to adapt to inevitable challenges be they economic, environmental
or social. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Resilient Communities is not
about recovering from weather or other events but about developing the capacity
of local communities to achieve greater self-sufficiency and
self-determination.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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There are communities in the US that are thriving and many
that are not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even the strongest
communities constantly strive to keep ahead of the game.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a sense TC Resilient Communities is an
insurance policy but in intent it is a model for building communities that are
sounder, more robust and innovative.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>The Mission of Transition Centre:</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Promote and develop an integral design
for strong, local, human-scaled, self-sufficient and sustainable economies and
communities that have the resilience to overcome the inevitable challenges
arising from economic uncertainty, climate instability and resource depletion.<br />
<br />
<b>The Vision of Transition Centre:</b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Adaptable and innovative communities with the capacity
to meet the challenges of the day building on local resources,
innovation and regenerative economic development.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
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<b>Transition Center Tag
Line:</b> Prosperity and Quality of
Life.<br />
<br /></div>
<h1>
Organizing Your Community<o:p></o:p></h1>
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Transition Centre was modeled on Transition Towns.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Transition Towns was founded by Rob Hopkins
in the UK in 2006 and the US national office opened late in 2008.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2008 Hopkins published <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Transition Handbook</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was based on experiences establishing the
first Transition Towns at his hometown in Totnes and other communities in the
UK that adopted the model.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Handbook</i> provided a rationale and a
blueprint for developing more self-sufficient communities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Transition Towns movement went viral with
1,200 initiatives formally established in 50 countries, including 164 in the
US.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<h2>
Grassroots Organization<o:p></o:p></h2>
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<br /></div>
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There are a number of noteworthy features to the Transition
Towns program.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first and foremost
was that it is grassroots.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It starts
with a small initiating group of people who take on the job of defining the
issues the community needs to resolve and mobilizing people and resources to
address them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Handbook</i> includes ideas and tools for organizing a community
association and provides a step-by-step program, twelve steps in fact, as a
guide for creating a comprehensive plan for its future.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
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Grassroots means citizen-driven.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such programs require no application, no
approval – just a small group of people with an idea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Margaret Mead famously said, a small group
of people can change the world (but this takes hard work).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mead’s group forms around a person with an
idea, a vision, perhaps a solution to a pressing problem, around who gather an
initial group of supporters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Mead
Minimum, as I have called it, is five people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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Secondly, it is innovative, not tied down by existing ideas
and practices, rules, regulations and red tape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It does not exclude the involvement of local political authorities,
institutions, business or nonprofits but they join as participants and partners.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such associations represent an
additional, citizen-driven, dimension of community self-determination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It can provide the sense of common purpose
for all parties essential for purposeful and transformative change.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
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<h2>
Localization</h2>
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At what level do we act:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>global, national, state?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do we
try to change the world or seek a more workable scale of action?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A basic philosophy of Transition Towns is
localization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One’s community, or neighborhood,
is something that can be better understood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A community has a sense of place, of people; it evokes emotions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each community is unique in character.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Each needs its own vision, strategy and
organization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p><br />
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<h2>
Comprehensive Community Plan</h2>
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The <i>Handbook</i> also
provides a step-by-step program, twelve steps in fact, as a guide for creating
a comprehensive plan for its future, an Energy Descent Action Plan (EDAP). Totnes published its own exemplary EDAP, <i>Transition in Action</i>, in 2010. In that book, Totnes established a series of
goals for 2030 in each of a number of topic areas such as food, energy, water,
health and wellbeing, etc. Each topic
contains a sequence of objectives for reaching its goal. Transition Centre developed its own
innovative plan (see below).</div>
</div>
<div class="Bill">
<h1>
School of Living </h1>
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The School of Living, founded by Ralph Borsodi during the
Great Depression of the 1930s, is based on three core principles:</div>
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<ol>
<li>Personal independence through homesteading.</li>
<li>Lifelong learning that provides a holistic
understanding of life and the ability to clarify and effectively solve the
problems of living.</li>
<li>Collaborative community that provides greater
security.</li>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Personal independence and homesteading</h2>
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Ralph Borsodi, a successful New York City consulting
economist, seeking an alternative to the economic uncertainty of the city,
moved his family to a small farm in Rockland County, New York, in 1920.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1929 he publish <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">This Ugly Civilization</i> in which he wrote a critique of industrial
society and made a business case for his model homestead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1933, at the depth of the Great
Depression, he published a handbook on homesteading, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Flight From the City</i>.</div>
<h2>
Learning and the Problems of Living</h2>
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<br /></div>
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In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">This Ugly
Civilization</i> Borsodi first proposed his lifelong learning program, a
liberal educational program to develop what he quality the “Quality Mind.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1934 he founded the School of Living near
his homestead at Suffern, NY, to help homesteaders achieve the
self-determination and self-confidence to pursue the homesteading
lifestyle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1948, his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Education and Living</i> elaborated his
educational model and introduced the universal problems of living
framework.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He continued to develop and
refine this model over the next 30 years.</div>
<h2>
Collaborative Community</h2>
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independence and self-reliance, he understood the need for community based on
voluntary collaboration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The School was
intended to be at the center of these communities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Education
and Living</i>, he describe how such communities could be organized. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also elaborated the values system he called
“Normal Living.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Normal living is not
living at the average or mean but rather at the optimal level of human
achievement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Normal living is the
objective of life in a School-centered homesteading community.</div>
<h2>
Joining two ways</h2>
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<br /></div>
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Transition Centre was formed during meetings at a School of
Living homestead (Ahimsa Village).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Introduced
to Borsodi’s system, I found it compelling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It became apparent that these two programs shared the same basic
values.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the beginning, Transition
Centre was founded on the core principles of both schools of thought.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Borsodi’s model preceded Transition Towns (TT) by 70
years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It anticipated much of what we
think of as sustainability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>TT
considerably updated the model to present conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is more community oriented.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both have a strong emphasis on local
economies, organic food and appropriate technology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Borsodi was an innovative pioneer of ideas
such as community land trust, local currency and appropriate technology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His model had a much stronger emphasis on
personal development and integral learning (which I have updated, simplified
and made more down-to-earth).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>TT
emphasized comprehensive community planning and development.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Over the past decade, the Transition Centre model has been
steadily developed into the current updated Resilient Communities program.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Transition Centre is an independent,
registered, non-profit organization (<a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/">www.transitioncentre.org</a>).
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<h1>
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]-->What is Sustainability?<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNUmWVkEt2NCCZE7xm6VhoD2CMelP10RdKH4QpScVYMZKW4xKcECxTOmvvgeVymXZTI8gArBJkgG6EhT5P2bl28VpnRyjGhQkCdWgveqGJ7aqhs72TyQfXcL42jE6RLKas3kOmMQ0irxI/s1600/Weak+Link.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="684" height="154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNUmWVkEt2NCCZE7xm6VhoD2CMelP10RdKH4QpScVYMZKW4xKcECxTOmvvgeVymXZTI8gArBJkgG6EhT5P2bl28VpnRyjGhQkCdWgveqGJ7aqhs72TyQfXcL42jE6RLKas3kOmMQ0irxI/s200/Weak+Link.png" width="200" /></a></div>
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What are we trying to achieve?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many find the term “sustainability” hard to
define.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sustainability movement, it could be
argued, started with the idea of moderating consumption to leave enough for
future generations as proposed by the UN Brundtland Commission in 1987.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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The classical diagram that illustrates sustainability is a
set of three overlapping circles representing:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Environment, Society and Economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Sustainability is defined as where the three circles overlap and are in
harmony.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We will come back to this.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
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Sustainability is but the latest phase in the conservation
and environmental movement that goes back to at at least Henry David
Thoreau.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It had early champions such as
John Muir, President Theodore Roosevelt and a host of other conservationist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Sierra Club was founded in 1892.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Patrick Geddes (Scotland) established the
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</span>As a response to the Great Recession of 2008, a great deal of money was
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savings for public buildings. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Earth Day was first celebrated in 1970.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That year, the US Environmental Protection
Agency was formed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Oil/Energy Crisis
in the 1970s raised a red flag and the U. S. Department of Energy was formed in
1977.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Noble winning Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change was founded in 1988.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The global Earth Summit (Rio) was held in 1992.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More recently, the Paris Climate Agreement
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are a number of incentives for working for a more
sustainable future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For not a few it is
a moral mandate to “Save the Earth,” which includes the environment, species
and people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are those who have
adopted a sustainable lifestyle, some intensely committed to the ideals of
simple, low-impact living.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is
particularly attractive where there is a local culture of sustainability that
provides a sense of community for participants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There are those who participate in protest and advocacy and attempt to
influence public opinion and elected officials.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Money is an important factor in pursuing sustainability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Projects get completed because of a grant or
from donations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tax incentives are a
good motivation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cost savings is a
powerful incentive, particularly energy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It can also be just good business.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Major corporations must comply with environmental regulations and many
add compliance to their branding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most
people will buy “green” products.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More
and more major corporations are finding that sustainable practices save cost
and boost the value of their products. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<h2>
Are we achieving a sustainable future?</h2>
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After three decades we should ask if a sustainable future,
as defined by the Brundtland Commission, is achievable?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The UN is, paradoxically, pursuing “sustainable
development” and it is a growth model. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Sustainable development seeks to provide these increasing
numbers with adequate food, shelter and basic services.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even to meet a minimum of subsistence will
soon exhaust the Earth’s resources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
natural ecosystems, such growth inevitable results in collapse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This problem points to the need for achieving
greater local community resiliency.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
will come back to this.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<h1>
Transition Centre<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<!--StartFragment--><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Transition Centre was formed in 2009, but the
catalyst that sparked its formation came earlier with Hurricane Katrina in
August 2005. Katrina wrecked oil
platforms and pipelines in the Gulf of Mexico and shut down refiners along the
coast. The cost of gasoline and other
petroleum products rose dramatically.
Political unrest in the following years drove prices even higher and
with the Great Recession of 2008 the price of oil reached a record level,
indeed, off this chart at $140 US per barrel of oil. T</span><!--EndFragment-->his was our red flag.<br />
<br />
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<!--StartFragment-->
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Research suggested then, as it does increasingly today, that
the ideal setting for developing a more sustainable community is the community
– be it town or neighborhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We began
to develop our first local plan in April 2008 that came out as Central
Pennsylvania Local Economy in December 2008.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At that point we begin to explore the Transition Towns model as found in
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Transition Handbook</i>, published in
2008.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<h2>
Making a Choice</h2>
<div class="Bill">
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Transition Towns was but one option for sustainable
community development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our initiating
team, in public meetings, explored a number of potential models before choosing
the Transition approach.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many models required
money and upfront organization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are
top-down models and less flexible and innovative.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Consensus was that the Transition grassroots
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Transition Centre was founded by Bill Sharp and Bob Flatley in
early 2009 and incorporated as a Pennsylvania nonprofit (not a 501 c 3).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Transition Centre was formed as an unofficial
Transition Hub with the mission of promoting the model in the region.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two local Transition Towns were formally
established.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Transition Centre presented
the model and supported groups and initiatives in Pennsylvania.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We partnered with Pennsylvania Interfaith
Power and Light (Bill Sharp a founding board member of PAIPL).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We also had a board-level partnership with
the Mid-Atlantic Transition Hub working with groups and initiatives in
neighboring states (Bill Sharp a founding board member of MATH).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our model included Borsodi’s key principles
and we worked over the years to develop and elaborate his system.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<h2>
Quality of Life</h2>
<div class="Bill">
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Transition Centre defines sustainability in terms of
community quality of life. When it was formed, TC made two key decisions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first was to focus on the economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the diagram above, we established that the
weak link in the sustainability formula was that between economy and environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Environmental issues are an effect of economic
development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We asked if our sustainable
future could actually be secured through economic redevelopment (REconomy)? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We need new models for an economy based on
natural principles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We defined a community
as an ecosystem (below).<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--StartFragment--><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The Transition Towns model addressed the issue
of oil depletion and the rising cost of energy.
Our research disclosed a much broader problem of natural resource
depletion. We found a survey of major
corporations that listed resources they consider “at risk.” These are not necessarily environmental
issues for them but rather a matter of supply chain – the resources they need
to continue to put products on store shelves at a reasonable price. Water is at the top of the list, followed by
energy, other mineral resources and agricultural products (land plus water plus
energy). What multi-national
corporations consider risk may tell us something about their potential impact
on our local communities. We need backup
plans for our communities.</span><!--EndFragment-->
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<h2>
End Game:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Creating a Community
Action Plan</h2>
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The second decision was to follow <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Transition Handbook</i> twelve-part process to develop a comprehensive
community action plan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We followed the
program adapting it to local conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We formed a core group, held public meetings and events and widening our
engagement with the community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We found
that while there were a lot of sustainability groups and organizations, they
didn’t really know each other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
focused on connecting them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We published
a newsletter and developed a website and a blog site. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Developing our comprehensive plan involved some 200 people
over the course of two years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are a
major university town:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>there were many
probing questions about what such a plan should do and how it would be
organized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A lot of research was done along
this line and the results incorporated in the Centre Sustainability Master
Plan, a link to which can be found on the Transition Centre home page.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That plan is scheduled for a five-year update
in 2019.<o:p></o:p></div>
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We are one of only a small handful of Transition affiliates
to complete this plan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For many,
comprehensive planning is about as attractive as a root canal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are all, however, natural planners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We start planning things the minute we awaken
in the morning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Formal plans are not
popular or easy for grassroots groups, but they are done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The lack of the effort imperils the future of
any form of organization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let’s ask why
do we need a plan, what good does it do for us?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Here are some of the advantages:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Collect
and Organize Facts<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->We’ve
got a lot of facts:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What’s the Problem?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How can we solve it?</div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Create
a vision <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Define
a mission<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Achieve
consensus<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
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standards and guidelines<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
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Stakeholders<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Inform
the public about what you are doing<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Set
goals and objectives<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Decide
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and monitor the process<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
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The real question is commitment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Changing the destiny of your community is a
complex, demanding job.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There must be a
compelling vision.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is especially so
for a grassroots initiative.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the
process is no different than forming a business or nonprofit organization.<o:p></o:p></div>
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At the time we were working on our plan a great deal of
research was coming out about sustainability planning – what works and what
doesn’t.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of our findings included:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Only
one in six are “comprehensive”<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Most
are municipal based<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Few
have staffing or line-item budgets<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Half
are climate action/greenhouse gas reduction<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Many
are single issues – often one time efforts<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Many
are “policy” statements – shoulds and oughts.<o:p></o:p></div>
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are compromises<o:p></o:p></div>
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are pursed within a set of established rules<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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The most evident conclusion of research is that there is a
considerable disconnect between vision, plan and effective action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The vision must be real and achievable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reason most organizations and projects
fail is for the lack of a good plan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
widest gap is between the plan and effective action.<o:p></o:p></div>
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A plan is more than a lot of facts, goals and objectives,
and organizational details.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Plans must
be understood to be contingent:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>everything changes as you put them into affect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They include strategies, guiding principles, and
clearly stated values.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Plan is a
verb.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Planning is, indeed, something
inherent in the nature of being human.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But like any art, we need to practice it, develop our capacity, and
nurture our confidence.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<h2>
Shrinking Cities</h2>
<div class="Bill">
<div class="MsoNormal">
We also explored two groups of communities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first is a list of some three-dozen
recognized as leaders in sustainability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>What is it that makes them so recognized?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It became clear that the difference was the
emergence of a sustainability culture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That is something that takes time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Most of these communities started in the 1970s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many had a major issue that mobilized the
community to action. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bit by bit things
were done to change the tone of the community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In time, people no longer had a sense of starting the effort but of
joining it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These communities have a
solid business and government foundation that supports a green lifestyle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most have one or more local organization that
champion the vision and provide resources to achieve the goals and objectives
of the plan.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
At the other end of the spectrum are communities that are
variously labeled as forgotten, distress, shrinking, or as one national publication
suggested, miserable cities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They also
represent a cultural type and it is not a pretty picture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A close collaborator and community leader in
Pennsylvania’s fastest shrinking city found a 2007 Harvard study that listed a
large number of “forgotten,” economically decaying, post-industrial communities,
most in Pennsylvania and New York.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These
rustbelt communities are the consequences of global economic change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the Great Recession, more cities joined
the list of distressed communities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most
mid-sized communities and many larger cities are on these lists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are examples of the dynamics of uncontrollable
change – change that continues to affect all of us.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My sensitivity to this issue is largely due to my hometown having
the distinction of being the fastest shrinking city in the US.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When I graduated from high school it was a
vibrant community with a solid agricultural and manufacturing base.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After completing military service and
university, the “Land of Opportunity” had become a fading dream.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like most of us who went to college, I
“abandoned ship.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As I became involved
in community and economic development this image has haunted me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of the attractions of Transition Town is
that it proposes remediation of social and economic distress.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Our group explored working with distressed communities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are promising but admittedly difficult
prospects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most continue to pursue
standard models such as trying to attract new businesses and industries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They need outside resources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The great majority of them continue to
decline.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The updated Transition Centre
Resilient Communities is an alternative model that builds on the resources –
people and natural resources – found in those communities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This can be started through grassroots
organization.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<h1>
Centre Sustainability Master Plan<o:p></o:p></h1>
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The Transition Centre comprehensive community plan was
completed in September 2014.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It took a
unique form based on the extensive research that went into it and the
partnership of strong community organizations, including Penn State.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We constructed it not as a final plan but as
a template.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has three components:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Assessment:
We started with estimates of what was actually being consumed by the
community. This is necessary to
understand what could be produced locally. We assessed local potential to produce raw
materials, goods and services – an off-the-grid economy. The vision is an increasing level independence
and self-determination.</li>
<li><span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Basic Needs:
We developed a list, from research, of the basic needs of a self-sufficient
community. We identified 22 and used
them for the body of the plan. </li>
<li><span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Implementation:
The most difficult step is moving from idea to reality. We approached this through out Vision 10 –
10.</li>
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<h2>
Vision 10 – 10<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="Bill">
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One innovation of the plan was Vision 10 – 10, or how to
achieve a goal of ten percent in any category in ten years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This breaks the problem into manageable
chunks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It implies developing the
capacity, the infrastructure, the resources and organization needed to meet
each need locally.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once done the
foundation is in place to go beyond ten percent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of the initial objectives can be
achieved in less than ten years.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Our demonstration of the concept is Ten Percent Local
Food.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We conducted an assessment of quantifies
of agriculture products consumed in this country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We assessed the agricultural capacity of the
region.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We estimate we could grow 95% of
our needs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The potential economic impact
of ten percent local food is $80,000,000 in revenue per year and this money
would stay in the local economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There
is significant movement in this direction now in our region.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If we achieve it, we will be on the leading
edge of the idea resilient communities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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There was also a project related to local renewable energy –
community solar projects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Recently a 2.5
megawatt array was installed by a local utility, another of similar size
planned by the university, solar ordinances being adopted by municipalities,
and a growing list of community and private projects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now that solar and wind is competitive with
fossil fuels, we expect accelerating progress.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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We are also working within our watershed to develop a
comprehensive plan for management of all water resources – an integrated plan
to maintain both quality and quantity for the foreseeable future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This plan is intended to provide a
comprehensive vision of the development of our community to the year 2050.<o:p></o:p></div>
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There is significant progress in many of the 22 identified
areas.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<h2>
Five Questions</h2>
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To bring focus to the plan we asked a series of tough questions:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Do
we want to develop a resilient community?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Do
we want to be an exemplary model?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Is
a local action plan an option or a mandate?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Who
will form the Team? <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->How
will we organize the effort?<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Plan<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Implementation<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-list: l7 level2 lfo8; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Finance</div>
<h2>
Community as Ecosystem<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="Bill">
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Transition Centre adopted the idea that a community is an
ecosystem just as a lake or forest is an ecosystem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is a complex, interdependent, essentially
spontaneous organization that involves an exchange of matter, energy and information.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We developed a model<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
for understanding our community ecosystem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I should point out that Transition Towns drew on the principles of permaculture,
which is a holistic approach to agriculture with implications for society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is a design strategy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We considerably extended this idea.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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As we begin our program, we observed that local entities
were largely unaware of each other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some
were siloed of course, others simply uninformed of each other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Working in collaboration with a close partner
organization, we developed and then extended an inventory of significant local
organizations, projects, businesses, and groups in our community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The list is over 600 and can be found linked
to our website.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A design has been
proposed for an interactive online application to help make connections.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Sustainable Culture<o:p></o:p></h2>
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What do you do when you have finished a comprehensive
sustainability plan?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What is the 13<sup>th</sup>
step?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As mentioned, from our study of
leading sustainable communities, we saw the emergence of a culture of
sustainability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Given the nature of our
community we believe that such a culture is developing, indeed
accelerating.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A funded organization
could accelerate the process but given time it will emerge spontaneously.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Which begs the question of how much time we
have?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We will return to this below.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are also reassessing our master plan.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<h1>
Myths and Untested Assumptions<o:p></o:p></h1>
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As we did our research, it became apparent that there were a
number of ideals and beliefs about sustainability that need further
examination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We identified these as
potential barriers to achieving a sustainable future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We came up with the idea of the myth of
sustainability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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A myth can be a good thing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It can also contain untested assumptions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ideal of restraining consumption for the
benefit of future generations has not stood the test of time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ideal of controlling climate change is
not getting positive reviews.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In our
research we saw a lot of approaches to sustainability and gave thought to both
what works and what seems not to.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What
works requires discipline effort.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--StartFragment--><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Research suggests that the number of people
living a green lifestyle in the US is on the order of one in eight – a thin
green wedge. About twice as many are
climate deniers. About half the
population is in between. It is a
difficult political problem. We need an
alternative.</span><!--EndFragment-->
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The sustainability movement has been said to be the largest
in the history of the world. There are
millions of people participating with hundreds of thousands of organizations
and groups doing an incredible array of work from advocacy and protest to
education and recreation to eco-entrepreneurship to large public and private
capital projects. It remains a giant,
unassembled, jigsaw puzzle.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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There are a variety of approaches to “saving the Earth.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They include:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Participant such as educational and recreational opportunities<o:p></o:p></div>
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Projects, including such as community gardens<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Outdoor
sports<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Protest
and Advocacy<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Lifestyle
Engagement<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Transition/Sustainable
Towns<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Resilient
Community <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
We need to make effective choices.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Many believe that we should reform the government.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think this begs the question of the
function of government.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yes there is burdensome
red tape and political corruption.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
we need to understand that at root, environmental legislation is not about the
environment per se.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Government is rather
about human health, safety and welfare.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Governments
focus on what and how, not why.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Governments typically have a very poor understanding of
environmental problems related to population and development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Science (research related to issues) and
politics seem to be distinct domains.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most
governmental entities are pro-growth – they need the taxes and fees to maintain
public services.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Regulations are imposed
for people, not the environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such
regulation tends to be “one-size fits all.” And, calling the regulatory system
extremely complex is an understatement. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Again,
we need an alternative approach.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Local governments are restrained from innovation by lack of
money and staffing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cost of basic
governmental services is steadily rising and revenues declining.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The tax burden is shifting to local
communities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>TC Resilient Communities is
designed to pay for itself.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I think it is little known that local governments are served
by a variety of authorities, boards and commissions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These are staffed by volunteers, generally unpaid,
who are appointed by local governments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There is thus already an infrastructure of citizens dedicated to and
knowledgeable about the affairs of the community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is an important bridge between
grassroots organizations and local governments.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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The Paris Climate Agreement set a goal to avoid a level of
temperature change that could set off runaway climate change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Little real planning has been
accomplished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Recent reports from
scientists suggest we are beyond the tipping point.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Admittedly there are incredible political and
economic challenges to such a plan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
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equivalent), and massive organization rarely found except during war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our alternative is to localize the effort by
redesigning our economies at that level.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--StartFragment--><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The core problem is continued population growth. Like the climate change graph, population represents
a “hockey-stick” curve. It is geometric
and it is a runaway trend. Since 1987
two and one-half billion people have been added to the Earth’s population. At the current rate, estimates are
approaching 10 billion people by 2050.
Many are in developing countries.
Rising global population and developing countries are increasingly
stressing the Earth’s resources, particularly land and water. This should give us pause for thought. The problem has been known for decades
without resolution. We need a framework
for dealing with the effects of this trend.
Again, that is putting our local house into order.</span><!--EndFragment-->
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<br />
<h1>
Resilient Communities<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="Bill">
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">Following completion of our comprehensive
plan, Transition Centre continued to develop its model, explore assumptions,
and address problems that arose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our
focus shifted from sustainabiity to resiliency. </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Resiliency represents a quantum leap up from
sustainability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sustainability is about
management and conservation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Resiliency
is about creating the capacity to adapt to serious change as it occurs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is in a sense a community self-insurance
policy but it is more.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is about
achieving greater self-determination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That requires foresight and hard work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It requires a “pioneering” spirit.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Why should we think about making such an effort?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To start, because we are in a high-risk
economic, environmental and political global situation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We’ve already seen what can happen with
post-industrial communities as a result of globalization of economics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In part it is because hurricanes, tornados,
heavy winter storms, hundred year floods, fires and droughts have become frequent
stories.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The business cycle, from boom
to bust, is virtually a law of nature and a recession is due.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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People question the idea of sustainability in no small part
because they see it so difficult to achieve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>But if we don’t achieve the stability it implies, then what<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s not
something we call in outside experts to achieve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It needs to be something that can be achieved
at the community, level.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It needs to be
driven by the people living in these communities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will take a lot of resilient communities
around the world to turn the tide.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<h1>
Cove Institute<o:p></o:p></h1>
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In the Fall of 2017 Transition Centre introduced “The Road
to a Sustainable Future.” We were accessing
the progress of the vision of our comprehensive plan. We were also seeing that a number of old
allies were struggling to stay afloat and that many new initiatives are
struggling to get off the ground. In
essence, we did a reboot. We asked two tough
questions:<o:p></o:p></div>
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a sustainable future?<o:p></o:p></div>
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We might have asked a third:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
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In addition to community, economy and environment,
Transition Centre is keenly interested in leadership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the Fall of 2018 we resumed the Cove
Institute program that had been on the back burner since we started Transition Centre.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The project was informally organized in 2002,
named for a place at a beautiful cove on the Pacific coast where several
meetings had been held leading to this project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
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and community development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Five great
mentors, representing some 200 years of personal experience, nurtured this
project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<i>Self-Reliance: Achieving Personal Resiliency and
Independence</i> (William Sharp, Amazon Kindle book) includes a number of key
ideas developed over the years to address these questions. While the books incudes exercises and a
chapter on personal development, it is not a self-help book. It’s about increasing personal capacity to lead. The book includes key principles and
practices leading to effective action.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<!--EndFragment--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12pt;">It should be noted there is a leadership style
for each stage of the evolution of human society from ancient to agricultural
to industrial to digital.</span><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12pt;">We have made
limited progress in developing that leadership model appropriate for this dynamic
century.</span><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12pt;">What are the qualities, the
knowledge and skills, that state of mind, of a person capable of dealing with
the incredible complexity of modern life and the inevitable challenges to come?</span><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
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In this short book we explore the nature of being human. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are nature – a product of billions of years
of evolution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What did Nature achieve
with us?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have, in fact, awesome
potential if we can learn to realize it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The book explores general systems (holistic) perception.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is about understand the big picture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has three sets of tools related to
achieving clarity and certainty, for accurately defining problems and for
organizing effective resolution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Self-Reliance</i> also includes the first phase
of a series called the Well-Formed Personality<sup>TM</sup>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is about working for a more integral sense
of self.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is the foundation of
community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The objective is summarized
as:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">"We have the option to passively accept
what life gives us or to actively engage in it -- to seek self-reliance and
self-determination. I believe we must
pursue that option. Society is the product of its members. The more humane its
members, or at least its leaders, the more humane the society."</span><!--EndFragment-->
</div>
<h1>
Transition Centre Vision and Mission</h1>
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<br />
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Transition Centre is apolitical and non-sectarian. It doesn’t care what you believe as long as
dialog is respectful. It takes no part
in divisive debate. All communities have
common needs. <o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
Our website has pages for three strategies:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Localization:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Building a more human-scaled community<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->REconomy
(<u>Re</u>generative, <u>Re</u>storative, <u>Re</u>silient) + E<u>conomy</u><o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Leadership
(which also includes a page for the CI project)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
The Mission and Vision of Transition Centre were stated at the
beginning of this article.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our tagline
is “Prosperity and Quality of Life.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here
is and outline of our services:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">The Objectives of Transition Centre:</span></b></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Transition Centre promotes
the best practice model of an effective grassroots program for rebuilding
local community economic sustainability and a growing level of
self-reliance.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Integral ecosystem architecture
of the self-sufficient community and local economy.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A comprehensive learning
institute to prepare youth and adults for the challenges of a society
in a state of increasing disequilibrium.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Innovative leadership
capable of guiding the transformation of communities, from villages to
urban neighborhoods, to achieve sustainability.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Provides materials and resources to assist communities to achieve
sustainability.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What
we do</span></b><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Transition Centre provides consultation, coaching, planning
and workshops about building your community’s sustainable future. We
offer:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Transitional Awareness: Building awareness of why your community
needs to create a resilient, sustainable economy to secure its future.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sustainability Master Design: A workable and doable framework
for organizing all sectors of your community to secure a high quality
future.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Community Ecosystem Mapping: Identifying, connecting and
mobilizing the resources of your community into a self-defining,
self-sustaining network of collaborative action.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sustainable Economy: Leadership,
enterprise and economic redevelopment to reinvigorate your local economy,
that adapts to the rapid and erratic changes of the global economic system
and that will secure a stable and viable future for your community.</span></li>
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<div class="Bill">
Transition Centre is a service organization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have the capacity to assess the needs and capabilities
of communities and neighborhoods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our
objective is to inspire and support local initiative.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We serve as a catalyst.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Go to <a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/">www.transitioncentre.org</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="Bill">
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<br />
<h1>
Kaizen</h1>
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As a final note, there are a lot of ideas from Eastern thought
that enlighten our understanding of the Earth, the biosphere, and the nature of
human nature. Kaizen is a Japanese terms
that means taking small steps. The
journey of a thousand miles starts with one step. Vision 10 – 10 was inspired by this
concept. Taking the first, small step,
and you take the next and the next and the next.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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We need, however, to understand the context of our
action. As noted, many sustainability
efforts are single issues. A community
may have a lot of groups and organizations with a mission. All are important. But how are they connected? What end to they collectively achieve? What we must understand is that each of these
is a part of a complex ecosystem. They
are all interdependent. Unless and until
we understand how each action fits into the broader framework, until we
understand the nature of that broader framework, both locally and globally, we
are not working in a deliberate and purposeful manner to solve the problems we
think are important.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Our frame of action is the local community. That works because a community is essentially
a bounded system, albeit a part of other, larger, systems. Moving our perspective to this next level is
a “small” step. Putting that first step
on the Moon was an unparalleled achievement of human vision, will and
determination to express who and what we are as a species. Taking our community to that level of
achievement, to make it resilient – safe, secure and stable – is just going to
take a lot work.<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />
Bill Sharp<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="Bill">
Founder/Director Transition Centre/Cove Institute<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 8.0pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
This document is based on a presentation made in Titusville, Pennsylvania on
October 8<sup>th</sup>, 2018. I was
invited to speak about Transition Towns as founder and director of Transition
Centre located at State College, Pennsylvania (<a href="http://www.transitoncentre.org/">www.transitoncentre.org</a>).<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--EndFragment-->Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-91842937431539311282018-09-06T13:40:00.000-07:002018-09-06T13:40:34.817-07:00Transition Centre Update<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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Transition Centre introduced the
Cove Institute program at Crickfest this year (last weekend).<o:p></o:p></div>
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Last year we had a display on
“The Road to a Sustainable Future.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
was about what we know, or don’t, that needs to be done to achieve a
sustainable future and the question of capacity – do we have the resources,
particularly human resources, to get this job done?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The primary focus was on Deep Leadership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We updated the Transition Centre web and blog
sites to reflect this project.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent: .5in;">
The Cove Institute was a project
formed in 2002 by a group of colleagues and friends mostly in Arizona and
California.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The name was inspired by a
location – a beautiful cove on the Pacific coast where several meetings
occurred that this project grew out of. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
issue was about dealing with the accelerating rate of change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The approach was community, knowledge and
purposeful action.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Transition Centre was an
outgrowth of the Cove Institute model adapted to address the specific issues related
to sustainability and building on the UK Transition Towns model.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Transition Centre achieved a unique
expression of that model.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have
unusually rich resources to draw on in Centre County.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our sustainability master plan template can
be found on our web site.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Since last year, through conversations,
research and synthesis, it seems appropriate to reintroduce the Cove Institute
system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A preliminary synthesis of
materials will be published this month under the title:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Self-Reliance:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Achieving Personal Resiliency and Independence.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is a foundation document for Deep
Leadership development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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A new Cove Institute page has
been added to the Transition Centre web site: www.transitioncentre.org.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-70295255792778771912017-09-30T05:22:00.000-07:002017-09-30T05:22:25.778-07:00REconomy<h1>
Prosperity and Quality of Life<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">REconomy means <u>RE</u>-generative E-<u>conomy</u>.
Economic development has always been considered an adversary of the
environment. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The economy shapes
and defines the environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Development
creates a cluttered built environment, congested streets, sprawl, hundreds of
acres of parking lots, rising taxes and increasing crime. The landscape
becomes what architect Frank Lloyd Wright called “American Ugly.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">REconomy requires a new economic
system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It radically changes the way we
use energy and materials.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Saying that,
it is an entrepreneurial model that pays for itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is a free-market concept.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt9OaVkmeXQkqsWFZNfc2uBR7hrag86fNPmtzRzWorRXbUAY8Zruvngv1t1b-v3F-g6tuB5kLScrJibNl0pen_knfRdyVAWGgSXg2FnkQovIWgvwa4LLx7GNrr5hQX3QWL7-2jhXb6xhY/s1600/regenerative.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="311" data-original-width="627" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt9OaVkmeXQkqsWFZNfc2uBR7hrag86fNPmtzRzWorRXbUAY8Zruvngv1t1b-v3F-g6tuB5kLScrJibNl0pen_knfRdyVAWGgSXg2FnkQovIWgvwa4LLx7GNrr5hQX3QWL7-2jhXb6xhY/s400/regenerative.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Regenerative Economy by John Fullerton</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Government agencies create stacks of
documents and regulations to restrain the impact of development on health and
safety but at base governments want development and the revenue potential it
represents. The term “Balance” is a mantra of development but on close
examination, there is no balance between growth and a finite environment:
We cannot create more land, water, farmland, forest and natural beauty.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Quality of life, however, is defined
by economic prosperity. Without businesses, jobs and infrastructure, life
can become grim. Arguably the thing that is worse than growth is economic
decline and impoverishment such as has happened to hundreds of American
communities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">REconomy is a business model that
seeks to strengthen the weak link between the economy and environment. It
seeks not balance but a mission of regenerating, of restoring and improving the
natural features of the community that in large part define quality of life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Regenerative economics is also about
long-term declining, rustbelt, communities; communities that have struggled,
some for decades, to find an economic model that will restore prosperity,
recreate attractive communities and attract families to find homes in a good
place to live.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">In both cases, sustainability is
about creating or restoring a prosperous and secure future drawing on both
emerging technologies and traditional crafts and trades.</span><span style="color: #04174c; font-family: "MS Mincho",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho";">
</span><span style="color: #04174c;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<h1>
Organizing Principles<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Communities across the country have
been working for decades to develop plans to promote sustainability.
Really good plans are regrettably few in number. Most communities have
partial plans (that depend on limited public resources).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Few have made more than token progress.
The Centre Sustainability Master Plan seeks to fill the need for a
comprehensive sustainability planning template.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Sustainability is first about preserving
or restoring the quality of life of a community. Prosperity and economic
security are achieved through development of the economic potential of the
community but unmanaged growth can have a distressing impact on the quality of
life. The quest for “balance” misses the point. We need rather an
economy that not only creates wealth but also advances the well-being of the
community and secures the style of life we desire to leave as a legacy to
coming generations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Sustainability is, second, about
achieving freedom from dependence upon, from the risk we are becoming increasingly
aware about, of an uncertain global economy and from reliance on material
resources in places with far from secure political futures.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Sustainability is more than a social
good; it is an economic process. It has to be approached in a
businesslike manner. It involves risk; not just the personal time and
financial investments of entrepreneurs, but of greater importance, of setting
objectives the achievement of which people stake their credibility upon.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<h2>
It takes a Plan<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">To achieve any degree of certainty we
must have a plan, a document that defines a vision of the future, a statement
of purpose, a list of common objectives, and the mechanism for achieving them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">A useful plan must be comprehensive
in scope. A community is a complex, dynamic and highly interdependent
network which achieves its greatest identify and efficiency to the degree that
its everyday behavior is well understood. A community is a group of
people who share not only a place but a common sense of identity, values and a
sense of cooperative endeavor to promote the welfare of all of its
members. Transition Centre has pursued Community Ecosystem Mapping as a
tool for achieving this synergy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">We need to understand the planning
process itself. Sustainable economic planning research tells us a great
deal about the potential and the limitations of these plans. Transition
Centre has sought to extract key principles from this research to guide the
formation of an action-oriented process to both assures prosperity and quality
of life. These principles give this model a distinctive if not unique
character.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Our focus is explicitly local.
It is about the place we call home. It is about problems that are within
our grasp to solve. It is about the things we can do for ourselves rather
than depending on outside agencies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<h1>
Myths and Other Liabilities<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">The classical definition of
sustainability is about how we reduce our own consumption to insure there is
enough for future generations. This ideal is arguably no longer
achievable. We have to have a new approach, a new vision, and an
effective program for securing a desirable future.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">The weak link in the sustainability
matrix has always been that between the economy and the environment. The
global economy has barely tapped the brakes on economic growth; indeed, what
little restraint we see comes as a result of economic recession rather than
mission. We must, therefore adapt and innovate and we can do this if we
have sufficient motivation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Of equal importance is the capacity
of the sustainability community, a thin green wedge, lacking in coherence and
organization, lacking in measureable objectives, to achieve the necessary rate
of transformational change to avoid tragic consequences in the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We address these issues.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">A brand new for-profit corporate
legal entity, the Benefit Corporation, provides a mechanism for dramatically
strengthening the reciprocal relationship between ecology and economy, terms
that share the same root.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<h1>
The Master Plan Template<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">The Centre Sustainability Master Plan
provides a framework for setting quantifiable goals. From the vision, we
can backcast, step by step, into the sequence of events needed to achieve them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">The plan begins with a detailed
community assessment. We need to understand what we consume; not the cost
of consumption but the quantities of goods and services, of energy and
information, of both tangible and intangible variables. We need to
understand where resources come from and what risk are involved in dependencies
on distant sources. We need to understand the community ecosystem:
the social and economic processes, the players and partners, and the network of
collaboration and exchange that define the community. We need to access
the resources we have at our disposal and how to combine them into a viable
economic program.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Action plans are not policy
statements; they are business plans. They are about what will be
achieved, who will do the job, and how the job will be accomplished. Each
module of the master plan is expected to not only pay for itself but also
provide significant economic benefit to the community. This model
requires extraordinary innovation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Achieving a sustainable future
requires a dedicated leadership. It requires organization and
resources. It requires investments.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Implementation involves organization,
markets, financial planning, systematic and effective networking and
communication, entrepreneurship, training and education, community development,
and other things outlined in the template. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Community ownership of the process is
absolutely essential. Governments and institutions are partners rather
than authorities. The model is bottom up, not top down. The leaders
of a community enterprise are those who take the responsibility for getting
things done in a collaborative and cooperative, open-source, manner.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<h1>
Vision 10 – 10<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Economic progress can only be
achieved by setting achievable goals. Vision 10 – 10 sets objectives of
ten percent economic redevelopment in ten years in each of a dozen
sectors. The first ten percent will be the hardest and parts of that
extremely challenging in themselves. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Once attained, however, rapidly development is readily achievable.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Ten percent residential renewable
electricity, for example, translates into a count of households in the
designated zone multiplied by the best estimates of the cost of installation of
wind, solar and other means of generating that electricity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Even on a small scale, say 5,000
households, the cost estimate can give you sticker shock. Nonetheless, it
represents an achievable objective. As an economic problem, it is not a
matter of trying to figure out how to get the government to fund this program
but how to make it a leverage to both pay for itself and to create significant
economic advantage for the community.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Once the objective is set it is
obviously necessary to mobilize champions and organize the program. It
will be immediately obvious that there is a long list of daunting barriers to
getting this job done. There must, therefore, be strong motivation and
that motivation comes in terms of both community pride and the promise of
prosperity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Essential to this model is that while
there are a dozen or more major initiatives, they must be closely
coordinated. The Master Plan Template and the Community Ecosystem Mapping
tool help achieve this objective.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span style="color: #04174c;">Community ownership means
transparency. This involves not only providing daily updates on the
projects but inviting active public participation in meetings, events and
celebrations.</span><span style="color: #04174c; font-family: "MS Mincho",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<h1>
Leadership<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="Bill">
Creating a sustainable future requires a new type of
leadership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The challenges of our day
are different than those that preceded it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Each period in our social and economic development has required its own
form of leadership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As Einstein said, we
cannot solve our problems with the same thinking that created them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A new leadership must build on the capacity
to manage complexity, so see the whole picture, perceive patterns, and the
knowledge and skills necessary to affect significant and lasting change.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
We call this new style of stewardship, Deep Leadership.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
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<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: #04174c; font-size: 8.0pt;">Copyright
© 2017, Bill Sharp, Transition Centre<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-91758897184468930422017-09-29T10:32:00.000-07:002017-09-29T10:32:07.272-07:00Deep Leadership<div class="MsoTitle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
A major part of the Transition Centre mission is to foster
the type of leadership (perhaps stewardship would be a better word) required to
plan, develop, promote and manage a sustainable, transitional, society. It is clear that sustainability will require
a new leadership style, attitudes and skills not fully represented in current
social and business models. Our
approach, as follows, is an evolutionary progression of management style.</div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h1>
Why a different model?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Economist describe the economy as three sectors:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: -9.35pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The first involves production of raw materials
include <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">agricultural</b>, forestry and
mining products<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: -9.35pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The second involves the transformation of raw
materials into goods, that is, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">industry</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The third involves <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">services</b> to consumers and business<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Essentially, all three employs roughly the same management
model today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I think a better way of
understanding this is a glance at the evolution of how we’ve managed society:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: -9.35pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Before the era we call civilization, tribal and
village elders managed the affairs of their people, rarely more than a few
hundred.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: -9.35pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->With the rise of civilization, life became far
more complex.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The foundation of the
economy was agriculture. There were kings, warriors and priest – a literate
class of scribes who kept records –a very different form of social leadership.<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The industrial revolution, driven by science,
technology, and globalization, produced a quantum jump in social
complexity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is an era of the
expert.<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The fourth era has been defined as
post-industrial and is composed largely of services.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This sector began to appear as manufacturing
went off shore starting some 30 -40 years ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It has also been called the information, or digital, era, dominated by the
internet, mobile personal devices, social media.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The proposed fifth era is one defined by the impact of
human society on a planetary scale with soaring population and economic
development which includes not only pollution but climate change, resource
scarcity, global economic instability and, largely as a consequence of these
factors, growing political instability and global terrorism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It represents an even more complex, and we
could say chaotic, level of existence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Leadership is widely perceived as failing and confidence in institutions
is rapidly declining.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The US has become a predominantly services sector economy
and our business schools are producing graduates who manage this information
rich model that represents a marginal evolution from the industrial management
style.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It does represent a new
organizational style – largely, but still only partially, moving away from tightly
structured hierarch and authoritarianism towards virtual team-building.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This model is defined by digital technology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The market is global in scale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This new economy is defined by increasing
competition for non-renewable resources including, according to industry
surveys, land, water, energy and other mineral resources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During the last decade or so it has become
clear that the current economy is not sustainable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With a business-as-usual approach, it is only
a matter of time before we start to run out of things needed to maintain a
high-energy, material rich, society.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Integral Learning and Leadership<o:p></o:p></h1>
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A sustainable economy requires a different type of
worldview, another progressive step in management style, and a further evolved
set of knowledge, skills and attitudes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
might have labeled the new model of management “fifth sector leadership but
have preferred “Deep Leadership” for reasons developed below.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In brief, however, the distinction between
the management style of the past two centuries and the future turns around the
idea of specialization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The industrial
and post-industrial eras mandate narrow specialization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Deep
leadership demands a broad and comprehensive understanding and competence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It requires an integral approach to learning
and action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It requires the ability to
see the big picture, the whole picture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is a systems/ecology approach.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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Deep leadership has its roots in the tradition of the
sustainability movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It draws
inspiration from deep ecology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is, in
fact, ecological management; and that includes both the natural world and society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mostly forgotten in this future-driven,
twenty-first century, are the names of people who defined the environmental/sustainability
movement:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>R. Buckminster, for example, (died
1983) was an iconic image of this style and largely, through his writing and
speaking, defined the model.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bucky and
Steward Brand worked together to create <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Whole Earth Catalog</i> concept with its vivid image of the Earth hovering in
space (Bucky’s “Spaceship Earth.”)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bucky
was an iconic holistic, general systems, thinker.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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General systems thinking was developed at the peak of Bucky’s
career and provided the foundation for ecosystems science (Link …).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Peter Senge, Harvard/MIT professor and author
of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fifth Discipline</i>, developed
general systems as a tool for organizational development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He focused on sustainability in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Necessary Revolution</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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General systems itself was inspired by general semantics
founder Alfred Korzybski (Link<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ralph Borsodi (Link…), founder of the School
of Living, also offered a comprehensive learning program in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Education of the Whole Man</i> and
subsequent writing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Korzybski and
Borsodi are two major, but largely forgotten, pillars of Deep Leadership.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The roots of comprehensive thinking go back at least to
Emerson and Thoreau.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They understood the
need for a holistic understanding of the world at the dawn of the industrial
era.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These roots are expressed in the
work of leaders in the environment/sustainability movement from John Muir and John
Ruskin to Theodore Roosevelt and Gifford Pinchot, John Burroughs, Rachel
Carson, Arne Naess, Aldo Leopold, Wendell Berry, Thomas Berry, Fritjof Capra, Hazel
Henderson, E. F. Schumacher, Barbara Marx Hubbard, George Leonard, Paul Hawken,
Theodore Roszak, Vandana Shiva, James Hanson, James Lovelock, Transition Towns
founder Rob Hopkins, David Holmgren’s and Bill Mollison’s permaculture and
others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This tradition is long, deep and
incredibly rich.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Deep leadership is not only about a profound understand of
life and human society but a capacity to translate it into vision, mission and
programs to stem the tide of environmental degradation, to adapt to the inevitable
consequences of economic “progress,” and to facilitate a transformative society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They help guide us through this challenging
era into a more secure and stable future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Deep Leadership, I should note, is not about reform but rather
innovation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Time is lost in trying to
fix a broken system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It involves a
long-term, strategic vision and the promotion of a transitional model to get us
to not only live within the carrying capacity of the planet but to realize the
dignity and destiny of the human condition.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Deep Leadership embraces absolute clarity about:<o:p></o:p></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Conditions and consequences<o:p></o:p></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Alternative courses of action<o:p></o:p></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Capacity to motivate others under prolonged stress/crisis
conditions<o:p></o:p></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Ability to creatively and adaptively organize<o:p></o:p></div>
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<h1 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
THREE PROPOSITIONS<o:p></o:p></h1>
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I find a cluster of three concepts that seem to define the
conditions of the world today which Deep Leadership must of necessity address:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Change, knowledge and purposeful agency:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Change</b> is a
manifestation of energy driven by human activity, which has the capacity to use
and shape physical matter and energy and social organization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has two aspects, passive and active.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Passive:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Vast,
unimaginable, complex.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Explosive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Disequilibrium.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rate of change we are experiencing is
defined by the J, or hockey stick, curve.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Active:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Change
creates the energy for transformation. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It embraces the emergence paradigm—the active
force:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In chaotic systems we find the
emergence of ordered sub-systems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We
need to learn how to harness these energy systems.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Knowledge</b>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have a vast accumulation of human
experience and its role in human advancement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This resource will need to be organized and accessible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Cove Institute<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
developed two concepts for knowledge and learning management:<o:p></o:p></div>
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Psynergetics<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Universal Learning System.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This level of technology has recently been
realized in tablet computers.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Polymath<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Universal Digital Library.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Comprehensive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Accessible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Peer Validated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Open Source.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This concept has been under development for
decades but is still very much a work in progress (Link …).<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Purposeful</b>: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Entails a strategic vision for finding and
realizing new possibilities for the human race.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Change is focused through agents who have the training and instinctive
capacity to understand it and to shape the conceptual and organizational
frameworks for adaptation.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<h1 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Deep Leadership Curriculum<o:p></o:p></h1>
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What does a twenty-first century agent of change have to
know?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the top of the list is a
general/eco-systems framework of understand nature and human society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Human communities are ecosystems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Deep leaders will have to be not only
holistic systems thinkers but multi-disciplinary: ecologist, sustainability systems
architects, and trained in the planning, management, communication; with interpersonal
skills that will allow them to guide the formation of restorative communities
and economies; and shape interdependent and collaborative models of social
organizations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It requires critical
intelligence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It requires an ability to perceive
the entire local ecology as a dynamic pattern of forces, to anticipate
consequences and to devise effective, innovated, alternatives.<o:p></o:p></div>
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A generalist education may be defined as liberal but it is
also wide-ranging, comprehensive and systematic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It involves not a “higher” consciousness but
a “broader” consciousness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It includes a
record of the human experience – an integral history, the natural and life sciences,
including mathematics and the scientific method, and social sciences, world
literature, the great religious traditions, philosophy, a practical economics,
politics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It includes arts and
crafts:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the Deep Leader must be a maker
handy with tools, able to render concepts artistically (and graphically).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It requires skillfulness in expression, in
written and verbal communications, in storytelling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It requires competence in economics and
business entrepreneurship. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We live in a
digital age and competence with this medium is an asset. Since we live in a
world in which conflict is an unfortunate reality, military service would be an
asset. <o:p></o:p></div>
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On a personal level, the home and family being fundamental
to strong communities, a Deep Leader will arguably need to be a model spouse,
parent and householder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A working
knowledge of healthful living is essential.<o:p></o:p></div>
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More than knowledge is required.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It demands skills and appropriate attitudes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The attitude must be realistic rather than
romantically idealistic:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Life is what it
is and must be lived according to its own rules.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It requires a passion for a perpetually
sustainable future, cultural adaptability and related things.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Deep Leadership involves a commitment to the
future of the human species.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Compassion
and empathy are mandated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Deep leadership embraces the spiritual as well as physical
nature of life and living.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An enlightened
martial art, such as Aikido, is indispensable as it develops not only physical
confidence but a more integrated personality and robust health.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<h1 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
What does the Deep Leader Do?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
A Deep Leader will of necessity be a skillful organizer,
planner and manager.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Community development
is at the core of Deep Leadership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Education is the foundation of action and community.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
One important function of Deep Leadership is eco- and
social entrepreneurship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sustainable, or
regenerative, economic redevelopment is mandatory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We must pay our own way and that means
producing goods and services that are intrinsically valuable; in which people
will readily invest in, adopt and apply.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Prosperity, defined in sustainable terms, is integrally linked with quality
of life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Social entrepreneurship starts
with the identification of the most pressing social-economic problems, problems
others have missed or where they have failed to resolve them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Money is lacking. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These may be “Mission Impossible” scenarios<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Deep Leaders must be able to develop
radically innovative solutions; revolutionary and life changing adaptation of
the system.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Deep leaders may be in the nonprofit or business sector.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Benefit Corporation provides a viable
alternative to profit-driven commercialism.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Some of the pressing issues we face today include:<o:p></o:p></div>
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</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Climate Change:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Adaptation to consequences of rapidly changing climate and extreme
weather<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Economic impact of resource depletion (Water,
land, mineral resources)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Inevitable increasing cost of energy <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Mediation of social justice issues arising from
climate-driven economic instability <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Employment:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Job security and equitable quality of life for all people.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Skill development (education, training,
apprenticeship and mentoring)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Community (Governance, social order,
collaboration and mutual support)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Chronic weakness of World and US economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Too few transformational organizations and
leaders<o:p></o:p></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
What is Leadership<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The quality of leadership is found in all social species.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In insects, it is a role served by the
queen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In primates, by the alpha
individual.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In humans, there is more to
it:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only we are conscious of the role of
leadership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only we have language,
curiosity, foresight.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Renowned biologist E. O. Wilson has put the human species
in a very exceptional category of social species he calls “eusocial.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are only nineteen such species, out of
millions alive today, and we are the only higher form of life in that
category.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That we are conscious,
language using, beings gives a distinctive quality to our capacity for
cooperation and collaboration.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Before the modern age leadership resided in the strongest
and tended to be an inherited privilege of an established aristocracy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kings often lead their troops into
battle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were also religious
leaders, including the great prophet founders of modern religions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Christianity, Hindu, Buddhism, the Hebrews,
Islam and other faith systems gave the world many of its great, enlightened,
leaders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There have also been social (secular)
philosophers like Socrates, Plato, Confucius and Lao Tzu.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The modern, industrial, era redefined leadership in an
important way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lincoln, Victoria and
Bismarck, for example, inherited the terrible power of industrial commerce and
war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>England, Germany and France
schooled its aristocracy to command this new age.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the United States, which rejected
inherited aristocracy, something of a new order emerged, one founded on
Darwinist principles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Power became
identified not only with factories and cities but armies and navies.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The current American industrial order was largely shaped by
World War II.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Out of this conflict, and
the Roosevelt administration that had already centralized the government during
the Great Depression, came a “command and control” mentality that mobilized the
world’s greatest economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two decades
after the war, the command and control mentality, called Theory X by management
guru Douglas McGregor, was challenged by Theory Y, a much more liberal,
democratic, structure of management.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Globalization also mandated lean, “flat,” organizations with less
overhead and more focus on teamwork, on productivity, and upon innovation in an
increasingly competitive world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is
not coincidental that digital technology emerged at this time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is also the time American manufacturing
begin to move offshore and the service economy became dominate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The assembly line mentality became passé.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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In the US, a “post-industrial” ideology emerged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The factories moved to the innately
authoritarian and hierarchical societies of Asia, particularly China.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the US, the economy became focused on the
digital industry (Microsoft and Apple, for example).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It also coalesced around the finance industry
– from which 40% of the country’s corporate profits are derived.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The culture of these new “industries” was
predominately team oriented.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These teams
could be dispersed around the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This is the world inherited by the Millennials.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The oil crisis of the 1970s was a wakeup call.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It became increasingly apparent that the US
was highly depended on the global economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was a natural disaster, hurricane Katrina, in 2005, that nudged us to
an awareness of the reality of resource sacristy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While the storm damaged only a small fraction
of the world’s petroleum capacity, the cost of a barrel of oil soared.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Political instability in oil-rich regimes
became a major influence on the world economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In short, we became increasingly aware of resource scarcity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An elite sector of the Fortune 500 became awoke
to this reality, in essence a supply chain issue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On their list of critical resources are not
only energy reserves but land, water and other resources such as the critical
rare earth elements upon which both the digital and renewable energy industries
depend.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Since the mid-1980s we have become increasingly sensitive
to the problem of a sustainable economy and global society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Great Recession of 2008 was a shock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>World population continues to increase
dramatically.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Developing countries
demand more natural resources and drive rising per capita consumption.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The humanitarian ideal of sustainable
development proposes to lift all people out of poverty, disease and
ignorance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But it is also a powerful
feedback loop that steadily accelerates the stress of the planetary biosphere.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<h1 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -9.0pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Conclusion<o:p></o:p></h1>
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Albert Einstein famously said that we can’t solve problems
with the same thinking that created them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Our time is one of unparalleled complexity and the first requirement of
a Deep Leader is a mind trained to embrace this complexity, to see it as a
whole, as a dynamic, ecological process; to be able to visualize consequence,
to imagine solutions and to plan and act in such a manner as to resolve these
problems while there is still time.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Copyright © 2017, Bill
Sharp, Transition Centre<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
Modeled in collaboration with now four lamentably deceased mentors.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> A
learning appliance (tablet) programmed for access to Polymath database and to
facilitate digital augmentation of learning.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
Sharp, “Plus Ultra” (2004).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This model
has at its genesis Vaneaver Bush,, “As We May Think” (1945), General Systems
Theory, the evolution of digital libraries, J. C. R. Licklider’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Libraries of the Future</i>, the evolution
of information technology, Jesse Shera’s and Norman Meise’s work leading to the
automated card catalog, Oliver Reiser’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Integration of Human Knowledge</i>, R. Buckminister Fuller’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Synergetics</i>, Alfred Korzybski’s general
semantics and a variety of works on cognitive learning styles and multiple
intelligence modalities.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
These may be addressed through the Vision 10 – 10 framework.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-78608744756298429662017-09-29T09:44:00.000-07:002017-09-29T09:44:01.737-07:00Community<br />
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<div class="Bill">
The most pressing crisis facing our society is not energy or
economy or even environment but the loss of community. We have lost our sense of human association,
indeed of our very humanity. For the
first time in human history the very experience of community has been lost for
most. We have not only lost it, we have
forgotten it. It will have to be
rediscovered. <span lang="EN">The underlying mission of Transition Centre is to promote the founding of new
and self-sufficient communities. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
When I talk to people considered local leaders about community
they talk back to me in terms of politics, economics and architecture. Some speak of education. What about people, I ask? Really difficult question, they reply
politely. It is, of course, relatively
easy to deal with the abstract ideal of community, about cities, urban
development, mega-church congregations, even a “community of nations.” <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
The soul of American civilization took root in small
communities. Small towns and ethnic
urban neighborhoods continued to serve as the wellspring of American society
well into the twentieth century. Gone
today, however, is “E pluribus Unum,” which translates as “out of many, one.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
The loss of community has been an inevitable consequence of the
progress of industrial civilization. The
reality is that we have lost touch with the very experience of community, with
the feeling, the emotional energy, of authentic human contact. The simple fact is that our lives are no
longer defined by primary human association, by the sense of deep, loving,
compassionate, caring and sharing level of association. But it is not all dark. A lot of neighborhoods and a lot of faith
communities are struggling to preserve their sense of community and their
humanity. These are the points of
light. But does it mean, if there are only
points of light in the sky, that the sun has set on the full day of a healthy
and vital human society that we all crave?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span lang="EN">What is Community?<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The word community is derived from the Latin “communis,” which means "common,
public, shared by all or many". Communis
comes from a combination of the Latin prefix “con,” which means "together" and “munis,” which has to do with
performing services.<span lang="EN"> Roman life
centered on duty, on service to the community.
Community is defined as: “A group of people having and serving each
others common interests and goals.” These goals may include political,
artistic, cultural, religious, national, ethnic or traditional interests. </span>Community begins in all cases with a
common purpose, a common set of values. Community,
in fact, extends only to the limits of those commonly shared values. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
Over the past century the literature on community has focused on
what was being lost. One of the first to
write definitively about the changes in community was German sociologist
Ferdinand Tönnies (1855-1936). He formulated
two models of society, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<a href="" name="Gemeinschaft"></a>Gemeinschaft,
translated into English as “community,”
describes an association in which individuals are oriented to each other in a
way that is greater than their own self interest. They share common customs and a common belief
system. These values and beliefs define
appropriate behavior within the community which Tönnies called the "unity
of will." They have moderate
divisions of labor. They are defined by
strong personal relationship. They are
distinguished by a strong sense of loyalty to the group. They have relatively simple social
institutions. They require little formal
social control to maintain behaviorally norms.
The orientation is emotional.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<a href="" name="Gesellschaft"></a>Gesellschaft,
translated as “society,” describes
collectives dominated by individual self interest and lack of shared values. Gesellschaft is characterized by extremes in
the division of labor. Gesellschaft is
“business.” In a business, workers, managers, and owners typically share very little
in the way of values or beliefs, work not for the sake of craftsmanship but in
exchange for wages, and lack a personal loyalty to the company they work for. So too the larger society. Relationships are formal rather than familial
or kinship. Social cohesion derives from
management of the complex enterprise.
Social order is maintained by laws, rules, regulations and contracts. The orientation is rational.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span lang="EN">American community sociologist Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929)
said: “The ideal society must be an organic whole, capable of being conceived
directly, and requiring to be so conceived if it is to lay hold upon our
imaginations.” He added: "Our
life is all one human whole, and if we are to have any real knowledge of it we
must see it as such. If we cut it up it dies in the process.''<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
<span lang="EN">Cooley developed the idea of the “primary group” which he
defined in these terms: “I mean those characterized by intimate
face-to-face association and cooperation. They are primary in several senses but chiefly
in that they are fundamental in forming the social nature and ideals of
individuals. The result of intimate
association, psychologically, is a certain fusion of individualities in a
common whole, so that one's very self, for many purposes at least, is the
common life and purpose of the group. Perhaps
the simplest way of describing this wholeness is by saying that it is a ‘we’.''
Like Tönnies, Cooley found the
most important forms of the primary groups in the family, the play group of
children, and the neighborhood. The
primary group values the person. It is founded on an exchange of services. It emphasizes human warmth and sympathy in
contrasted to the formal coldness, impersonality, and emotional isolation of
utilitarian groups. He saw the
mechanistic formalism of modern society as a source of social disorganization
rather than progress. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span lang="EN">Redefining Community?<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="Bill">
Traditionally, community is something that comes out of people
living and working closely together.
Originally it was life in a village, later towns and urban
neighborhoods. Community is founded upon
virtues, modes of behavior (not abstract ideas) that include but are not
limited to: Mutual good will, respect
and tolerance, common standards and often a common background of experiences
and memories that come out of long association.
Members share in a common lot and help each other in an unselfish
manner, just as members of a family do.
This is not charity; it is common practice to share built around the
idea of generosity: truly “to give is
more blessed than to receive.”
Communities are characterized by caring, fair play, courage, honesty,
courtesy, mutual confidence, fraternity, kindliness and mutual planning,
consensus building and working together toward common goals, with a sense of
common responsibility. They are built on
direct, intimate acquaintanceship and understanding.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
Community is also about place.
We are a product of the soil out of which our community grows. The loss of community has come with the loss
of our sense of being in nature, of living within the cycle of seasons, of
drawing our sustenance from the land. We
have forgotten that we are a part of the natural order of things. Rebuilding community is largely about
rebuilding our place on the land and within the natural ecosystem.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
Human beings are born for community. We crave it.
We cannot be said to be truly human except through relations with
others, and the more authentic, rich and genuine that relationship is, the more
we are human. Our capacity for language,
hardwired into our brains, is part of our communal essence. It is the tool for human association. In the absence of community, in the absence
of proper socialization, we are not even healthy. The original Greek meaning for the word
“idiot” was “a totally private individual.”
By that standard, today we have an “idiot” civilization. We are all in it, as one wry sage put it,
alone.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
Community nurtures the family.
The finer human qualities of life, good manners, civility,
consideration, helpfulness, are learned in childhood and they are learned
through imitation. Refinement, dignity
of bearing, and forbearance are passed down by example, from parents, from kin,
from elders.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span lang="EN">Some Things Community is Not<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="Bill">
The traits of community do not originate in government, business,
schools, art or science. These are each
the products of communal association and not the cause. The proof of this claim is seen when
communities fail. When they fail,
civilization itself inevitably crumbles.
Historians Gibbons, Spengler, Sorokin and Toynbee, among others, and
more recently Joseph Tainter and Jared Diamond, have rendered very explicit
accounts of the failures of great civilizations. It is perhaps more than coincidental that
when civilizations fail, out of the ruins grow new villages, new communities,
bearing the seeds of the next outgrowth of civilization.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
Community is a concept that does not apply to groups that act
together in an impersonal manner. Single
purpose associations do not constitute community. It requires a cross-section of life. Churches and other associations, even if they
develop a rich social life as well as religious or cultural activities may, but
do not necessarily, form communities. A
housing development is not a community.
Even a retirement village may be anything but a community.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
Industrial, urban civilization has changed the very structure of
human relationship. After thousands of
years of pastoral, agricultural existence, the course of the world has turned in
the direction of impersonal mechanistic organization. The process is built into our schools. Social institutions may well suppress
community and our essential humanity.
True, progress has overcome much of the narrow superstitions and
mindless taboos, intrusive and coercive patterns that stifled personal freedom
and dignity through the ages, often depriving people of their humanity and
manifest through disenfranchisement and in serfdom and slavery but there has
been a heavy cost. As villages grow into
towns and cities and rural people are displaced to cities, many of the
conditions that fostered community and family are lost. What has come to be called “postmodern”
society is actually hostile to values of any form. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<h2>
<span lang="EN">Re-Inventing Community<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="Bill">
The qualities of true community need not be lost. They are widely cherished and seek
expression. It is possible that the
conditions for their revival can be re-established. Many earnest community builders have been
working hard to do so.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
Community is no longer an accident of birth. It is no longer just
growing close to each other. It is
rather voluntary association based on shared interests. But, can we have community that no longer monopolizes
the whole life of its members? Can we
find intimate association that satisfies the craving for a sense of belonging
but preserves individuality and autonomy of belief?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
Community is above all participatory. It requires time and commitment. It involves a sense of moral obligation, of
duty, of service to others. It is difficult
to achieve such commitment without the powerful sense of motivation that comes
out of religious conviction or other transformative experiences that define our
lives.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
The payoff of community is how it makes us feel. That payoff comes from a reciprocal exchange
of good will. The expression “as we give
so we receive” is self-evident only within a community. Community is health giving. In return it gives us self-esteem, confidence
and courage.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
The community must be self-governing. All members must have a voice. Each person should be able to freely and
frankly express an opinion. Decisions
must be made by consensus, and a unanimous consensus is vital. Once a decision is made the entire community
marches to the same drummer. If it is
the wrong beat the need to change it will quickly become apparent.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
Beyond the function of coordinating or administering to the needs
of the community, leaders have no special status. Indeed, if leaders see their role as anything
other than a service they can endanger the community. Their entire function is to meet a clearly
identified need as expeditiously as possible, in as detached a manner as
possible. Where power concentrates the
nature of the group is transformed, and when a single, charismatic,
unchallengeable leader emerges the group loses its humanity.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
The entire existence of the community is predicated upon
nurturing human association. It requires
not just an initial commitment but also a sustained effort. The hardest part will always be creating the
core group, building the foundation of its primary relationship and launching
it. Like a rocket headed for space it
requires the generation of an awesome burst of energy that, sustained through
an appropriate time, will establish it as a functioning, independent
entity. The rocket seeks to break free
from the earth. The community seeks also
to break free, but from the chaotic wilderness of activity called urban
industrial society.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
A subtle attractive force is a factor in both cases. In the physical universe gravity is the
universal attractor that holds the sun and the earth and the moon and the
entire universe in perpetual connection.
In the human, spiritual, realm the universal attractor is love. We must first love ourselves as worthy
beings. Only then can we love each
other. We must love the essence, that
creative potential, which forms this universe.
Unless we believe community is good, true and beautiful, and unless we
believe community is one of the great purposes of life, we will not likely
raise much above our material, market-driven existence. Enlightened men and women know there must be
meaning and purpose in life. Community,
more than any other force in human society, gives us that meaning and
purpose. Community justifies our
existence, encourages our growth and self-realization and brings out of a
collective humanity the best that it is capable of, and even more, for we have
little idea just what the true, ultimate potential of this thing we call human
is capable of achieving.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill">
Transition Centre holds community and economy as symbiotic. You can’t have one without the other and they
must each be carefully nurtured to meet the needs of each other. The architecture we are developing unites
community and economy into an integral ecosystem.<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-40902172872721093952017-09-18T07:13:00.004-07:002017-09-18T07:13:43.398-07:00The Road to a Sustainable Future<div class="WordSection1">
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
A sustainable future is a high priority for many.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The core value of the sustainability movement
is to live our lives in a manner such that we do not deprive future generations
of an equitable life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That is a moral
issue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another issue is the destructive
potential of climate change as the result of massive consumption of fossil
fuel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Can we achieve either of these objectives?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do we have a clear plan for what has to be
done in order to do so?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Can we quantify
what must be done?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do we have the
leadership and organizational capacity to mobilize the resources needed to
achieve these objectives?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These are the
questions “The Road to a Sustainable Future” addresses.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">By the Numbers<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Perhaps the most dramatic fact is the steady increase of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These
concentrations have been precisely measured and ice core samples have given us
hundreds of thousands of years of data.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The science is there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
evidence of human causation is clear, and yet there are many deniers.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The steady rise in greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere
since the beginning of the industrial revolution is merely an indication of the
progress of economic development; first in Europe and North America and
increasingly the rest of the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Economic progress is grounded upon the production of energy and that
means burning fossil fuels.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The rise in greenhouse gases and the associate increase in
global warming are represented as a “J,” or “hockey stick” curve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another, and congruent (closely correlated),
J-curve is the development of technology as defined by the number of major
scientific discoveries and the number of patents issued.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The third, also congruent, J-curve, is the
rise in human population.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In short,
these trends represent a compounded, geometric rate of growth.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Another fact is that most of the resources we use are
non-renewable, that is, there is a fixed quantity of them; for example, energy
resources like coal, oil and gas (and we could include uranium).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As we use these resources, remaining reserves
become increasingly difficult to exploit and cost per unit of energy inevitably
rises.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At some point, if we haven’t
already, we will deplete half the known reserves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At some point the cost of production will
become prohibitive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The beginning of the industrial revolution roughly
coincides with the perfection of the steam engine by James Watt and a new model
of capitalistic economics established by Adam Smith in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Wealth of Nations</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let’s
call it the 1770s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the 1870s,
industry had become the dominate economic model and progress has continued at
an ever-accelerating pace since. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The idea of progress is a relatively new one.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It became popular just about the time the
industrial revolution took hold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before
the modern age there was little sense of a thing called “history;” people
expected to live out their lives much as their ancestors had.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since the ideas of history and progress
became popular, a lot of thoughtful people have been trying to predict the
future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nobody has ever got it
right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A lot of science fiction visions
didn’t happen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What did happen was
pretty much unexpected, like the personal computer and internet.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb4yAXte3fUaolrGh0n7mdyQIRZPDQRD1JcmOLQo74LcR_bc0z8VWZ6mO4HnXogjRJEg27Qynl7ocTf6INYa8dcxL6y4IG2HVhMOpvY6S2FT_MKxPffl2pSGRJ-SBObzP401jT8QhXPgY/s1600/Dashboard.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="601" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb4yAXte3fUaolrGh0n7mdyQIRZPDQRD1JcmOLQo74LcR_bc0z8VWZ6mO4HnXogjRJEg27Qynl7ocTf6INYa8dcxL6y4IG2HVhMOpvY6S2FT_MKxPffl2pSGRJ-SBObzP401jT8QhXPgY/s320/Dashboard.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Humans have become a
major force on this planet. The change
we cause has a profound effect of the life of the planet as a whole and upon
the biosphere that sustains all life. We
are getting much better at measuring change.
Many intelligent, well informed, people are concerned about the effect
of continued change as we have experienced it during the last few decades. We will either get our game together for a
Start Trek future, or something else. It’s
going to take a lot of hard thinking and a lot of hard work to take control of
the economy and the effects it is creating.</div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
If we had some type of dashboard, a set of gauges to
measure the “speed, temperature and pressure” elements of the economy, there
would be a panel of them that would be troubling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We might add another gauge for the economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its metric would be world GNP.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ideal of progress is continued
growth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reality is the adverse effect
this continued develop might have on society and the environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Measures of Sustainability<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The classical model of sustainability has three “pillars:”
Economy, society and environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
economy is the driver, the independent variable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is, however, a feedback loop and that
is the effect the economy has on society and the environment and also the
impact of environmental degradation and social instability on the economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Overall, most people think the effect on
society has been positive:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>growth and the
good life are coeval.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A declining world economy
would, in fact, have a weighty impact on billions of people.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
When the UN defined sustainable development, its objective
was, in fact, global economic growth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The goal was to eliminate poverty and hunger, to provide health and
education benefits, to reduce the causes of conflict, for all of humankind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But they asked how we could sustain it.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The UN is a governmental entity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The foundation of government – global,
national or local – is human health and safety, not the environment per
se.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Concern about the environment, is
preservation of health and safety and particularly for future generations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But there is a Catch 22 involved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However you cut the deck, development demands
more resources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ideally, we learn to
make better use of what we have, to employ renewable resource.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bottom line, however, growth comes
first.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can blame corporations and
governments all you want but ordinary people, your friends and neighbors, and
those in the developing world, want a better life.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The Thin Green Wedge<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXio3TxrMsRJuI36kTx5KpQVYWC15wg4EGvehCSMsCMhb_LyhSnq4oO0jwQPaNWbzMzuIn8Y42QoB828ypgEy3VD-ne9WfBL1EJty5ySae7lpUoM47sxnX_5vSpiI2X4Qug8oMYiVbEMs/s1600/Thin+Green+Wedge.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="418" data-original-width="339" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXio3TxrMsRJuI36kTx5KpQVYWC15wg4EGvehCSMsCMhb_LyhSnq4oO0jwQPaNWbzMzuIn8Y42QoB828ypgEy3VD-ne9WfBL1EJty5ySae7lpUoM47sxnX_5vSpiI2X4Qug8oMYiVbEMs/s320/Thin+Green+Wedge.png" width="257" /></a></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
We live in a world that is increasingly “democratic:” the
opinion of the majority determines the course of events.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>True, some countries are marginally
democratic at best, but it is hard to find any country in which the majority of
its citizens want to stop economic growth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Paris Agreement did evoke a consensus about the importance of
curbing climate change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It did not reach
agreement about how that would be achieved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The US, which consumes a quarter of the world’s energy and the lion’s
share of other resources (either directly or indirectly) is now under an
administration that is not in agreement with either climate claims or efforts
to curb energy and other resource consumption.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Yes, there is increasing use of renewable energy but, for the most part
as a supplement, not a replacement, for fossil fuel consumption.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The prospect <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]-->for holding global
warming to 2<sup>0</sup>C, which is the theoretical threshold to runaway
climate effects, is vanishingly small.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Some people have an urgent sense that we need to take
control of our world; a lot more simply want more of the good things industrial
life offers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the US, around one in
eight people have some lifestyle commitment to sustainability, about one
percent are highly committed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, nearly
one in three do not believe in climate change and half again as many don’t
think it is caused by humans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is about
half of us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another third of the
population is concerned about climate change but more interested in maintaining
the good life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In short, about half (the
yellow wedge) are more or less on the fence.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">REconomy<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The weak link in the climate – economy – environment
triptych, is the economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The economy is
the driver.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has immense inertia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only a radical few (in the hard-green one
percent) want to end economic growth.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Sustainability focuses mostly either on society or on the
environment rather than on the economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A green lifestyle (the thin green wedge)
involves using fewer resources, installing solar panels, buying efficient
appliances and cars, recycling and other things one can do for the good of the
planet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Activist seek to influence
political leaders to adopt and support environmental friendly policies; and
pressure major corporations to become responsible.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The economy is market driven:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it is the result of what people want to
buy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is the result of producing
products and services that are better and/or less costly than those of competitors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Governments do regulate because that is their
job.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They make a lot of
compromises.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Few have anything like a
comprehensive plan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Corporations, and
governments and nonprofits, do seek cost savings found in reduction in energy
and other resource uses – just sound management.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The production and distribution of goods and services is
the foundation of society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Business
entrepreneurship is one of the most effective methods we know for organizing
human capability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But business is about
making profits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has a short-term
outlook.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the economy begins to
deplete resources and spoil the environment, business becomes a problem.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Do we have a good idea of what a sustainable economy would
look like; an economy that lives within the energy and resource budget of the
planet?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Will achieving that involve
government regulation to control the economy to the degree required?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If so, where does the money come from to
create new industries, new markets, new technologies, and develop the new
workforce?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Does government come up with
the trillions of dollars (equivalent) needed for the transformation?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or do we have to go to the market?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Bottom line (that lovely business term) is that economic
transformation must pay for itself and that means it must take command of the
marketplace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We do, in fact, have good
ideas how to proceed along these lines.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There are excellent models of green business and social
entrepreneurship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We now have a legal
framework for the Benefit Corporation, a business model that mandates social
and environmental benefit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Technological
innovation is driving new markets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
cost of renewable energy is expected soon to be lower than that produced by fossil
fuels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cost of energy is a
cornerstone of corporate sustainability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Rising cost of energy and other resources drive business innovation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Major corporations are developing risk
management models around the scarcity of water, land, energy and other mineral
resources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As conditions change, more
major corporations are finding sustainability just makes good business sense. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The economy constantly transforms itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We need only to accelerate and direct the forces
already at work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But first we need to
decide what to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That takes
leadership.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Deep Leadership<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The key element in transformation is leadership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do we need a new style of leadership?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I believe the answer is clearly yes.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Each era of human history has had its own form of
leadership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From tribal to aristocratic
to corporate, there has been a steady progression of knowledge and skills in
the management of human affairs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is
in no small part due to the increasing complexity of life especially during the
industrial era.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The industrial era
itself has gone through stages, and done so quickly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Scientific management, for example, dominated
the corporate landscape a century ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Our economy has transformed from manufacturing to services, from blue
collar to white, from manual skill to information and knowledge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have now gone digital and virtual.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
What type of leadership do we need?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The past century relied heavily on the
specialized expert.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The demand for such
will not diminish in the future but it is increasingly clear that a more
generalized, comprehensive, style is required.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We need people who know a lot of things but most importantly, who can
see patterns of activity and make the connections.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
As Einstein so famously said, we cannot solve our problems
with the same thinking that created them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Great scientist and inventors have steadily pushed human progress.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since Einstein’s breakthroughs, our knowledge
of the universe and our understanding of the human mind have developed
immensely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We now need a leadership
style that can bring order to progress and achieve a secure and stable
future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This will take a new kind of
thinking.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The vast complexity of World War II produced not only the
computer but a new thinking style, general systems theory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two are, in fact, closely
interrelated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The general systems model
has, however, been slow to evolve in a specialist-driven academic and work
environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There have been a number of
innovators in this thinking style.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One
of them, Bucky Fuller, call this new type “comprehensivists,” or generalists if
you prefer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bill Gates and Steve Jobs
are examples of this emerging style.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
was a Microsoft principle that a good programmer can hold the entire structure
of the application in his or her mind.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Jobs approached his work from a design perspective; Apple devices are built
to embed themselves into the behavior of the user.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The models are plentiful but the development of this style
of leadership is, at best, hit-or-miss.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Curiously, many of these innovators were college dropouts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m not sure where you can find a degree
program in comprehensivists leadership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There are, however, some very good books, training programs and some
consultants who do address this issue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Transition Centre is pursuing a more systematic educational program for
what it calls Deep Leadership.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The Deep Leader, in short, is a generalist, or
comprehensivists lifelong learner, thinks critically, thinks in an ecological
(social as well as natural) framework, has a big-picture view of the world, is an
avid networker, an excellent communicator, possess a wide variety of mental and
manual skills, and is a talented organizer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They are good at connecting the dots.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Community<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The third element of our model is community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the organizational style has evolved from
authority and hierarchy to flat and fluid, consensus has largely replaced rules
in the formation of social groups.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Social capital in the US, however, has become increasingly
problematic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The urban-industrial
economy has eroded traditional forms of community and the digital media has
created an entirely new dynamic of association.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Margaret Mead’s theory of small groups changing the world
is not a romantic myth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It starts with
someone who has an idea and the first few people (it takes about four of them) who
support that idea. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If they work hard
enough, an organization forms around them.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
New groups do not appear out of a vacuum; they arise out
of a conversation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In short, there is
some type of community, however tenuous, involved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This brings us to the question of what does
it take to make a community?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The short
answer is a common set of values, a shared set of ideas and beliefs, a common
vision of the world, and a sense of mutuality.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
The sustainability movement has been said to be the
largest in the history of the planet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Does it represent a community?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unfortunately,
no.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is diverse, fragmented,
incoherent, poorly focused, unorganized; it lacks social cohesion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The one thing its adherents have in common is
that we need to do something to make the future livable; but too little real
organization.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Green entrepreneur Paul Hawkins once created a web site to
list sustainable organizations around the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There were at least 100,000 of them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In my community, a region of some 160,000
people, we have identified nearly 600 local organizations, groups, programs and
a few outstanding individuals, who are involved in sustainability.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Few of these, however, know much about the
rest of the list.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
A community is an ecosystem, it is a spontaneous
organization, but we have little comprehension of how it works.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An ecosystem is a natural economic model; it
is the way nature works.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We need to
better understand this and we need to developing better tools for building functional
networks that weave our community into a self-aware, coherent, whole.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
One of our major problems is how little people know about
the sustainability movement, at home or around the world, and how little they
know of the long and rich tradition of the movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A community must have a common understanding
of its traditions. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Attached is a partial
list of names, of people and organizations, that have defined this movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>See how many you can identify.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And then there is a sustainability quiz to
check your perception.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
Sustainability is becoming a tradition, a culture if you
will, in a small, but increasing, number of communities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It takes about a generation for a culture to
form, now about the time since the founding of the sustainability movement in
the 1970s and 1980s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A considerable
literature is forming about the sustainability movement and this emerging
culture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It seems an appropriate time to
systemize this knowledge and create a model to promotes its progress, to form a
common vision, gain a stronger sense of community, and to mobilize more
effective, more focused, better resourced, initiatives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in;">
It’s going to take a plan make this happen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s going to take leadership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And it’s going to take organization to
accelerate the transformative change needed to reshape the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is the mission that Transition Centre
and allied groups have undertaken.</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -4.5pt; margin-right: -9.0pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 36.0pt;">Sustainability
Quotient<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">How many names do you
recognize on this list?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 9.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">How many can you give a 25-word
description of?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">What is missing?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="WordSection3">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">John Muir<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">John Burroughs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Teddy Roosevelt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">John James Audubon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Charles Darwin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Wendell Berry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Wes Jackson<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Henry David
Thoreau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Ralph Waldo
Emerson<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Ralph Borsodi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Mildred Loomis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">School of Living<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Scott and Helen
Nearing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Bill McKibben<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">David Orr<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Vandana Shiva<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">James Hansen<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Gaia hypothesis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Rachel Carson<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Al Gore<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Rob Hopkins<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Permaculture<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Gifford Pinchot<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Sierra Club<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Aldo Leopold<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Arne Naess<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Thomas Berry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Theodore Roszak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Lewis Mumford<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Georges I.
Gurdjieff<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">G. J. Bennett<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Peter Senge<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Bucky Fuller<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Alfred Korzybski<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">General Systems
Theory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Fritjof Capra<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">George Leonard<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">David Holmgren<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Bill Mollison<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">John Ruskin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Earth Day<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Hazel Henderson<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">E. F. Schumacher<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Paul Hawken<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">James Lovelock<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Carl Sagan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Ken Wilber<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Marilyn Ferguson<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Carol Sanford<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Edward Abby<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Oswald Spengler<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Arnold Toynbee<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">P. A. Sorokin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Patrick Geddes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">E. O. Wilson<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-right: -13.5pt; text-indent: 0in;">
Systems Ecology <o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><b>Local</b></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Make your own list
of key local organizations, groups and activities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoTitle">
<b>Sustainability QUIZ<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif;">Some answers are factual. The remainder should be your own thoughts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is the current probability of achieving a 2<sup>0</sup>C
limit on global warming?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What do you think life will be like in your
community in ten years?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->TRUE OR FALSE:
The most critical resources today are land, water, energy, other mineral
resources and grown products.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Which is the most critical resource?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->In the sustainability model (environment,
economy and society) where is the weakest link?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is the projected population of the Earth in
2050?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is the long-term carrying capacity of the
Earth?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is REconomy?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is the most effective type of organization
for transformative change?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is the most effective style of leadership
for transformative change?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is the most effective level to bring about
change: Global, National or Local?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="Bill" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->12.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What other questions do you have?<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: -13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-75027528054006693372015-10-04T16:25:00.000-07:002015-10-15T04:47:33.250-07:00Ten Percent Local Food<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">What would it mean to increase our local food
production and consumption to ten percent?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Currently
0.5% of the food we consume is farm to table<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Opportunities<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Food Security – Reduced dependency on uncertain
markets</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Quality:</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Nutritional value, reduce food-born pathogens</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Protect, preserve and restore farmland and rural
environment</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Water management and conservation</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Reduce agricultural nutrient loads:</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Save the Bay</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Impressive ($50,000,000 per 100,000 residents)
direct annual local economic benefit</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Strengthen local community</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Healthful, outdoor family activity</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Challenges<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Growing Population:</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">World food demand up 60 – 100% by 2050</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Marginal global food reserves</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">One out of nine people suffer from chronic
hunger</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Climate Change:</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Droughts and storms</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Land development and deterioration</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Water security</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Pollutants and contaminants</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Viral livestock epidemics and food contamination</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Fishery depletion</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Food for fuel</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Genetic modification</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Rising cost of energy</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Political instability</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">One-third or more of food production lost or
wasted</span></li>
</ul>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Summ<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734" name="_GoBack"></a>ary<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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Ten Percent Local food is about two issues:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Prosperity and Quality of Life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is about creating a resilient sustainable
economy and a place we want to live and raise our families.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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A stronger local food system is something a lot of people
would like to see.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is slow but
steady progress in this direction and a lot of local organizations and
individuals that support it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are
many dedicated, hard-working, creative people who are trying to make this happen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some communities across the country have made
real progress in this direction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Bridging the gap between the present fraction of a percent local food
and ten percent is, however, well, a leap of faith.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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There are incredible <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">opportunities</b>
presented by this model.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They include:
good health, food security and a strong sense of community and place, preserving agricultural land and a major boost to the local economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Innovative agricultural systems could
dramatically reduce nutrient loads going into our streams and the ultimate
harmful effects they have downstream, e.g. the Chesapeake Bay.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The unique value of this approach is that it represents a
distinctive program for repurposing valuable agricultural land, providing
employment, developing the local food market and building a foundation for a
vibrant local economy and strong community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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There is a long list of potential <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">threats</b> this model ameliorates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Not the least of which are those related to: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>growing global population, increasing
competition for scarce and declining land and water resources, rising energy
cost, a far from stable global economy, the impacts of climate change and
environmental degradation and others as listed.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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The purpose of this document is to help clarify what it
would take to dramatically expand our local food system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Ten percent in ten years” is a benchmark
created by Transition Town State College during a series of public meetings to
develop a sustainability master plan<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Ten percent” is a scale that is not so difficult
to get our heads around.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It lets us
quantify what needs to be done and gives us achievable objectives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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In essence, Ten Percent Local Food is a cultural shift and
that can come about only through a “combined operation” of interested parties.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is about developing a deeper sense of
community, of place, of self-reliance and security.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is also a change in our economy – a very
positive change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ten percent local food
could well be an annual $50 M per 100,000 population boost to the local economy
and that is money that would stay home and fuel sustainable development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ten percent is only the start.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once we have that we are on our way.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">How much land will it take to achieve ten percent
local food?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It all depends on how you use the land and what you like to
eat.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Overall, the way we do business now, an acre of land can
feed a couple of people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to
the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the average American consumes 2,020 pounds
of food per year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That includes meat, dairy,
vegetables, fruits, fats, sweeteners and beverage ingredients (it’s what we eat,
not what is good for us).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are some
gardening and small-scale farming methods that can dramatically increase what
can be produced on a little land. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Path
to Freedom, in Pasadena, California, produces 6-7,000 pounds of food on a
one-tenth acre urban lot, which equates to about 30 people per acre.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Will Allen’s Growing Power produces roughly
one million pounds of food per year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This includes the high density three acres in urban Milwaukee plus nine
other sites: two farms with a total of ten acres and seven sites with hoop
houses, or a total of about <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">sixteen
acres </b>in cultivation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They produce
enough to feed about 500<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
people or about <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">30 – 35 people per acre</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This network produces fish and meat as well
as vegetables (there is additional acreage in fodder).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Feeding 20 people per acre<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We need to produce food near where people live.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Near-urban land is costly. Consequently there
is merit in a more intense food production model, say, conservatively, to feed
twenty people per acre.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the rate of
twenty people per acre, ten percent local food would require roughly 500 acres per
100,000 people served.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Land use<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The place I live (Centre County, Pennsylvania) covers 1,112
square miles and has a population of 155,000.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Two-thirds of that population lives in an “urban” center surrounding
Penn State University.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Students
represent 45,000 of the population.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Population increased 13.4% between 2000 and 2010 and continues to grow
and that growth comes at the cost of building on prime agricultural land.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Centre County is in the Ridge and Valley area of the
Appalachian Mountains, mostly “ridge.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Seventy-five percent of the land is forest, ½ percent surface water and
fifteen percent agriculture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Agriculture
land declined nearly ten percent between 2002 and 2007.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Centre County 2007 Agricultural Census reported 997
farms producing $69.7 million dollars of agricultural products on 148,000
(rounded) acres; of which $17.5 million was non-dairy crops (including nursery
and greenhouse) on 86,000 acres of cropland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Dairy production was $52.1 million on 62,000 acres.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The average <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">Centre County </span>farm is 130 acres.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">The
average farm income was $59,879.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Major
non-dairy cash crops included:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-border-insideh: none; mso-border-insidev: none; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Crop<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Bushels<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Corn<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">1,837,698<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Soybeans<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">285,410<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Wheat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">184,620<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Corn silage<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">139,785<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Forage hay<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">82,005 (dry tons)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Oats<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">77,213<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.25in;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Barley<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="95"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">23,881<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A large share of Center County crop production goes into
animal feed and biofuels. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Fruit and vegetable production came from roughly 700 acres
(0.5% of total).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
An estimated less than one-half of one percent of food moves
locally from farm to table.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Local Food Economic Potential<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
At a national average of $3,400 worth of food per person per
year, retail, we estimate the expenditures on food in Centre County at
$527,000,000 per year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Based on USDA
estimates, more than 99% of this food is grown elsewhere and shipped to retail
outlets in the county.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In other words,
most of every food dollar leaves the county.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Farmers retain only 16 cents on every dollar worth of crop they produce.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ten percent local food would, arguable, produce better quality,
healthier, food and keep a majority of $52,700,000 in the local economy. <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Times;">Research indicates that every dollar spent
on local food multiples to $1.45 to $1.66 in economic activity, or a total of
roughly <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">$80 million</b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
of immediate economic benefit. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Of greater importance is that money kept in the local
economy is used again and again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
creates jobs and local investments, generates revenues for local governments,
can be used to enhance infrastructure, support quality schools and libraries,
promote the arts and civic activity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An
economy controlled by local interests promotes a quality community.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A local currency (let’s call it the Centre Dollar) helps insure
money stays in the local economy and promotes local businesses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every time that dollar changes hands it
creates economic benefit.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Every dollar invested in the local economy produces long
term and continuously circular benefit; potential an average of $2 to $5 return
on investment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
According to the local Chamber of Commerce, banks in Centre
County hold $2,500,000,000 (yes, billions) in local deposits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They have no strategy for local
investment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is clear we need an
alternative finance system and a local food system is a great start in that
direction.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">800 Acres<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Producing ten percent local food for 155,000 people, at the
level of 20 people per acre, gives us a figure of just under 800 acres.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That is less than one percent of the
available non-dairy agricultural land.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The focus of this first ten percent is vegetable production.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We do not advocate a vegetarian diet but it
is clear that a reduction of meat in the diet, especially beef, would
dramatically enhance the potential of pasture lands and reduce environmental
impact.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The retail value of food produced in this model comes to
roughly $70,000 per acre.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is more
than the average farm in the county earns. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This level of production is both realistic
and, potentially, economically feasible for near-urban, high land cost, micro-farms<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 41.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.75in;" valign="top" width="270"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Current Non-Dairy Cropland in Centre County, PA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">86,000 acres <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="81"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">$17,500,000<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.75in;" valign="top" width="270"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Ten Percent Local Food, Intensive Production<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">800 acres<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="81"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">$58,000,000 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.75in;" valign="top" width="270"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">With Multiplier Effect<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="81"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">$80,000,000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Using just one percent of current local non-dairy cropland
at this level of production could double the economic value of this county’s
agriculture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Participating farmers could
earn double or more current market share (even more if they direct market
through cooperatives).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One hundred
percent local food would demand but ten percent of available cropland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Turning additional acreage into
high-intensity, integrated food production would produce cash crops that could
boost the revenue from sustainable agriculture and feed nearby cities.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Home and Community Gardens<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Gardening is a surprising and little-known variable of our
local food equation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to
studies, in the US, home and community gardens produce roughly 6 – 8 % of the
nations vegetables.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gardens thus produce
an order of magnitude more local food than farm to table suppliers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I should point out that “Ten Percent” means
ten <u>additional</u> percent of local food production.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Increasing local food production, as will be
explained below, includes gardening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There is a huge potential here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At the end of World War II, Victory Gardens produced 40% of the nations
vegetables.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Russian gardeners,
compensating for a chronically unstable economy and high food cost, achieve
that today.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Centre Local Food:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Institute<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
How do we get this job done?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>How do we blow the lid off a national average statistic that tells us
only that only a fraction of a percent of our food can be grown locally?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This brings us to part two of making this
case. It involves creating a Local Food Institute.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">A Dream<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The form the Local Food Project will take must ultimate come
out of the combined creativity of the people involved, but here is a vision to
guide it.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I propose acquiring 10 acres upon which to found a Local Food
Institute to create a high-intensity farm incubator, demonstration homestead
and models of community and high production home gardening.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We don’t start from scratch; there is a vast literature and
many pilots to draw upon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A second objective is a model for preserving urban and
near-urban agricultural land. Our proposal is an updated version of, again,
existing models, in particular one designed by School of Living founder and
back-to-the-land pioneer Ralph Borsodi<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Borsodi was a much sought after advisor
during the Great Depression as an advocate of homesteading communities that
would enable unemployed families to achieve self-sufficiency on three acres of
land.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finding the New Deal
administration less than helpful (to put it mildly), he established a small
private community near Suffern, New York that today, in more affluent times, is
an idyllic neighborhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Bayard Lane
residents occupy sturdy stone house built during the 30s, surrounded by beautiful
lawns and trees.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some still, honoring
the legacy of the original community, cultivate fine gardens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both the three-acre, self-sufficient
homestead and a modified one-acre homestead parkland community estate, on land
retained in agricultural zoning, are offered as models for preserving urban and
near urban agriculturally land.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
An intermediary level is a three to five acre high intensity
production family micro-farm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A century
ago small family farms (80 acres), using draft animals, produced food for the
family plus enough for about 20 other people, mostly in local towns (where
there were fabulous kitchen gardens).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An
expanded homestead, using intensive agriculture could meet the same need on a small
fraction of the acreage.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Achieving an addition 10% local production of foods is not
only farm operations but also includes innovative models for community and home
gardens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As stated, current estimates
suggest that as much as 6 – 8% of the vegetables consumed in the United States
are grown in home and community gardens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That is great but it is a fraction of the potential.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Home gardens average 600 square feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They produce an average of $100 per hundred
square feet, or $600 worth of vegetables; a small but significant share of the
family’s food.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A community garden plot averages
150 square feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These small plots also
produce about one dollar worth of produce per foot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is always a waiting list of people who
want space in community gardens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We need
more of them and that involves getting them organized (self-managing) and, for
members who need it, necessary training in gardening.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Neighborhood gardens are a wonderful way to
build a sense of community.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A suburban home garden could produce a quarter to a half of
a family’s annual food.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That is a
significant, non-taxable, addition to the family budget<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Increased home garden production must be
achieved without tedious and exacting effort or drudgery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This component would benefit from training<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>,
tool libraries, community facilities and other support services.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Food banks and low-income groups could be
well served by this model.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Ten Acres</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The proposed Local Food Institute ten acres could be
utilized as follows:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">High production greenhouse environment, one acre</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">School of Living demonstration urban homestead,
three acres</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">To include a homesteaders bungalow built of
local materials and off-grid</span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; text-indent: -0.25in;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Garden will be permaculture design</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; text-indent: -0.25in;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">One acre of this site will be orchard/food
forest</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; text-indent: -0.25in;">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">One acre pasture</span></li>
</ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Support – composting, renewable energy
generators/charging station, water and wastewater treatment, etc, one acre</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Model community garden, one acre</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Institute office, library, meeting space and
parking, one acre</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Green space/pond/woodland, three acres</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Institute will ideally be located within or close to an urban
area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has been suggested that a
location should be sought with local bus service and preferably bike lane access.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The land could be leased from local
educational institutes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ideally it would
be donated or acquired by generous contributions and the land put under trust.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Partners and Network<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Most communities are richly endowed with potential
partners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Local higher educational
institutions are treasure troves of expertise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There is often a network of sustainable farming organizations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many have an established but struggling local
food network of farms and markets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Local
businesses and governments should readily see the benefits of this model.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The list of potential major partners includes
dozens of organizations, projects, programs and individuals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Ten Percent Local Food is an achievable goal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is not, however, an easy thing to do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The benefits, and the challenges this model
ameliorates, are substantial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is not
just a good thing to do, and it is a good thing to do, but one with an
incredible impact on economic well-being and the quality of life of the
community.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Many communities are making slow and steady progress in this
direction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are great models in
abundance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, we seem to lack
programs with sufficient impact to accelerate the evolution of sustainable
economies, to get them ahead on the curve of necessary change, that is mandated
by the challenges all peoples face today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Local food is the foundation of a sustainable economy and society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ten Percent Local Food is a model that has
evolved out of our community’s dialog.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is something that a dedicated team could put into motion.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Many have a compassionate concern for the condition of
peoples around the world who live in poverty and experience chronic food
insecurity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We would argue that unless
and until the US develops a viable local food system (and our proposed model is
one that should work in any country) we will make little progress to correct this imbalance.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Feed back and participation is most welcomed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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You can contact Bill Sharp at <a href="mailto:bsharp.tc@gmail.com">bill@transitioncentre.org</a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />
<h2>
<o:p> </o:p><b>Appendix: School of
Living and Transition Towns</b></h2>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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“Ten Percent Local Food” was developed in association with
two organizations: The School of Living
and the Mid-Atlantic Transition Hub.
Following are brief descriptions of these two organizations. We propose a working partnership between
them.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h3>
School of Living</h3>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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The School of Living was founded by Ralph Borsodi in 1936 at
the depth of the Great Depression.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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Borsodi was an established financial expert in New York City
with Wall Street clients. Influenced by
Henry George and Bolton Hall, he moved his family to a homestead in Rockland
County, New York in 1920 where he established a homestead on which he developed
the idea of back-to-the-land self-reliance and appropriate technology. He wrote books critical of the American
industrial economy and anticipated the Great Depression. In 1933 he published the popular <i>Flight From the City</i>. Following the economic collapse he founded a
homesteading community on a land trust near Suffern, New York and became a
much-sought speaker and homesteading consultant. He was visited by Eleanor Roosevelt and
influenced leaders of what has become the sustainability movement. Following World War II he published a series
of books on quality education, traveled extensively, worked closely with Gandhi
supporters in India, established an alternative university in Florida, created
and got Federal approval of a local currency and promoted his land trust model
to the end of his life. His assistant
and successor, Mildred Loomis, established a School of Living community in Ohio
before moving to Pennsylvania, settling near York. The School of Living continues as a land
trust organization with six communities, headquartered at the Heathcote community
in Maryland. A full story of Borsodi’s
life and work can be found at the NewSchoolofLiving blog site: <a href="http://www.newschoolofliving.blogsport.com/">www.Newschoolofliving.blogsport.com</a>. The School of Living website is at: <a href="http://sol-stellaloufarm.com/wp/">http://sol-stellaloufarm.com/wp/</a>.
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h3>
Transition Towns</h3>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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The Transition Towns movement was formed in the United
Kingdom in 2006 as a response to climate change, rising energy cost and global
economic instability. The mission of the
movement is to establish self-reliant sustainable communities with the
resilience to provide security and quality lives despite the challenges of our
day. Founder Rob Hopkins is a noted
permaculture leader. There are nearly
500 Transition Town initiatives around the world and approaching 160 in the
United States. State College is a formal
Transition Town (TTSC) initiative, founded in 2010. In 2012 the Mid-Atlantic Transition Hub was
formed to promote a regional support system for Transition Towns in seven
states.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Transition Centre</b>
(<a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/">www.transitioncentre.org</a>),
founded in 2009, served as the parent organization for TTSC and promotes the
Transition model within the US Northeastern region. Our mission is to promote an integral design
for strong, self-reliant and sustainable communities that have the resilience
to overcome the inevitable challenges arising from Energy, Environmental
degradation and Economic instability.
Our tag line is: Prosperity and
Quality of Life. Ten Percent Local Food
is a project of TC/TTSC.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
Completed and available at <a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/Work.html">http://www.transitioncentre.org/Work.html</a><span class="MsoHyperlink">.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> At
ten percent, these sixteen acres would provide for 5,000 people.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
This is a hypothesis we will test.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <span style="color: #061042; mso-bidi-font-family: Times;">See </span><a href="http://www.amiba.net/resources/multiplier-effect/"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Times;">http://www.amiba.net/resources/multiplier-effect/</span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> By
extrapolation, we have enough farmland in Centre County to many times meet the
food needs of the entire population.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Dairy
and animal products represent an additional local food market that can be
developed.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.newschoolofliving.blogspot.com/">www.NewSchoolofliving.blogspot.com</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
See John Ball’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Self-Sufficient
Suburban Garden</i><o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
For example:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ClearWater Conservancy’s
Garden Starters, a project supported by Transition Town State College, Pennsylvania.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-86516360747837748322014-11-26T09:13:00.001-08:002014-11-26T09:13:54.796-08:00Thanksgiving Story<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">Early American Food<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
This
traditional American holiday is centered on a myth of the Puritan settlers in
New England.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is a celebration of the
harvest, of survival in a new world, and of friendship between the settlers and
the First People.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thanksgiving became an
American tradition only during the American Civil War (c 1863) and a Federal
holiday as America began to emerge from the Great Depression and on the eve of
our entry into World War II (1941).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
The
traditional foods of this celebration are indeed largely from the
Americas:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Turkey, sweet potatoes,
pumpkin and cranberries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But there is
much more to the story.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
The early
settlers were certainly not castaways although they did face extreme
conditions, a new climate, and had much to learn in order to survive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Pilgrims came on a small ship but they
did bring tools for farming and building, seeds, animals, cookware and such.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unfortunately they arrived at the onset of
winter in a northern clime and that first winter was so harsh that half of
their party perished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eventually, unlike
a number of previous settlements in North America, they did survive, and the
harvest the following year was abundant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>From the fields, both English and Indian, came corn, beans, pumpkins,
squash, peas, carrots, cucumbers, lettuce, onions, sweet potatoes, radishes,
cabbages, beets, turnips, bread from European grain; and from forest, sea and
stream came wild turkeys, ducks and geese, fish, lobster, clams, oysters, deer
and wild berries, cranberries, walnuts, chestnuts, acorns.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Europeans
settled along a wide climate range from New England to the Carolinas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For their part, they introduced cows, sheep,
goats, pigs, horses, rabbits, and chickens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Europe also supplied walnuts, almonds, apples, apricots, peaches, pears,
oranges, lemons, olives, black pepper, tea and coffee, sorghum, sugar cane,
bananas, wheat, barley, rice, rye, millet, oats, beets, asparagus, cabbage,
cantaloupe, cucumber, carrot, eggplant, garlic, lettuce, okra, onions, peas,
turnips, watermelons, and cotton.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Found
in the Americas were beans, bell peppers, blueberries, chili, cocoa,
huckleberries, maize, peanuts, pecans, potatoes, pumpkins, squash, sunflower,
sweet potatoes, tobacco, and tomatoes.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVCCCA8Pq5T6edkadxXgLradSD0g4gJKGPS0g5WDSIqBI1GXNCcXkrEsQI7KOdGJt5NlqPwEMRSchXG95u_XOLYT9Yi8KfmP68pmQlpWyJp7hNEy23IU3qK85AB7YxkXqadcfRMgqpNeY/s1600/Manse+Three+Sisters.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVCCCA8Pq5T6edkadxXgLradSD0g4gJKGPS0g5WDSIqBI1GXNCcXkrEsQI7KOdGJt5NlqPwEMRSchXG95u_XOLYT9Yi8KfmP68pmQlpWyJp7hNEy23IU3qK85AB7YxkXqadcfRMgqpNeY/s1600/Manse+Three+Sisters.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
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of my favorite planting methods inherited from the First People is the “Three
Sisters” where three vegetables (corn, beans and squash) are planted in a
single hill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The corn serves as a
climbing pole for the beans, and the squash provides cover to block weeds and
grass and the prickly vines deter animal pest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The beans provide nitrogen for the corn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>On this one small mound, these three plants produce all the amino acids
of a complete protein — tasty and highly nutritious.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The picture to the right is from the garden
at the Old Manse in Concord, Massachusetts; one of the early Pilgrim
settlements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ralph Waldo Emerson lived
in that house when he first moved to Concord and there he wrote his first book,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nature.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
A
mixture of European and American foods were readily adapted to colonial agriculture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Crops depended upon climate and soil, and
growing seasons and soils varied greatly from New England to the Carolinas and
from the coast to the mountains inland beyond the fall line.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those pioneering farmers readily
adapted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our early economy was founded
on grown exports.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Several crops were
cultivated primarily for export, such as tobacco and cotton.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lumber from the endless forests was harvested
for shipbuilding and the European market.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Molasses (sweet sorghum) and corn were converted into rum and whiskey,
respectively, for both trade and local consumption.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fish were abundant along the coast and many
thousands of tons were salted and shipped to Europe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have much to be grateful for from our
fruitful land and from the agricultural heritage of two great cultures.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;">The American Food System Today<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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Over
the centuries, agriculture has flourished in America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our land has provided a rich bounty of foods
and a livelihood for generations of families.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Industrialization has had a major impact on our food system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Climate change is having an even more
profound impact both here and around the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We are in urgent need to closely examine and correct flaws in the food
system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That starts at home, both in
terms of the local community and local foods and, yes, in our own back yards
and community gardens.<o:p></o:p></div>
Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-77937224625490768142013-10-24T08:10:00.002-07:002023-07-23T08:49:26.564-07:00Systems Ecology<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
William
Henry Sharp<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Copyright © October 24, 2013<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoQuote" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Abstract: We have an ethical mandate to rebuild our
world into a way of life that will sustain the human species into the far
distant future. There are a number of
tools that could allow us to design and build a sustainable human ecosystem, a
system that coexists within the planetary biosphere. These tools include the idea of a human
ecosystem – a community ecosystems – a part of the emerging field of ecosystems
science, general systems theory upon which it was founded, and other major
derivatives such as permaculture, pattern language and Fuller’s synergetics.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoQuote" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
These tools
are only a beginning. We must systemize
them, create training and educational programs, develop leadership, reorganize
communities and change the laws of the land.
With this article my intent is to lay a cornerstone for this effort.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Introduction<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
I start with
the premise that a human community is a spontaneous ecosystem just as a forest
or a lake is an ecosystem: It is
composed of a large number of interdependent parts that have organized into a
natural relationship. Between these
parts flow energy (including information) and materiel resources. These systems have a boundary, albeit highly
permeable<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Systems
ecology is a formal discipline, or, more correctly, an interdisciplinary field
of ecology. Ecology is the study of the
interrelationship of an organism and its environment. It is a study that includes biology and earth
sciences. Systems ecology defines the
relationships of the many parts of that environment and quantifies the
exchanges between them.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Systems
ecology is a holistic approach that draws heavily from general system theory
and systems analysis. It employs the
concepts of thermodynamics (entropy).
Central to the model is the study of emergent properties. It studies the exchanges of matter and energy
and in this sense has analogies to an economic system. It also includes advocates of deep ecology
where the anthropocentric paradigm is challenged.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The
celebrated pioneer of systems ecology is Howard T. Odum (1924 – 2002). The term “organism in an environment” was
used by Alfred Korzybski, who
for that matter wrote of an early representation of “biosphere,” (circa 1933). Korzybski used the term “organism in the
environment" to develop an early formulation of human neuro-linguistics, or how
the human nervous system interacts with its perceptual environment. Korzybski’s objective was to improve the way
we create an internal map of our experiences and the world in which we
live. Korzybski’s work was the
foundation of general systems theory<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
and GST the foundation for ecosystems. The
term “ecosystem” was apparently first used by British biologist Arthur Tansley
in 1935. Systems ecology as later
developed is applicable to the human species as an organism and our
relationship with the Earth, or biosphere. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The idea of
the relationship between humans and our world has been popularized by a number
of authors but I will make special note of Theodore Roszak who coined the term
eco-psychology. And, of course, James Lovelock
and others have written extensively about not only humans in the biosphere but
the egregious impact we make; now especially in terms of climate change. It will be argued in this paper that in order
to reestablish the balance between us and our world, we need to have a profound
understanding of our role in the biosphere and that human social organizations
are components of that ecosystem.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In 1953 Howard
T. Odum and his brother Eugene P. Odum<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
published the first textbook on system ecology:
<i>Fundamentals of Ecology</i>. Between them, and with other collaborators,
they wrote well over a dozen books and hundreds of papers about systems
ecology.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Howard T.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> approached
systems ecology in terms of the exchange of energy between the components of
the ecosystem. The most important part
of this work, in my opinion, is ecosystem modeling.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Howard T.
thought in technical or mechanical terms: Ecosystems can be modeled and diagramed. He considered them “heat engines,”
governed by the laws of thermodynamics. These
models include feedback and cybernetic linkages. He used Sankey diagrams<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> to
model the exchanges within ecosystems.
He developed an “Energy Systems Language,” a set of symbols that defined
processes within an ecosystem, for his model<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Howard T.
distinguished between the energy needed to form the functional relationships in
an organism and the resultant exchange of energy. The implication of this distinction, defined
as Emergy, or “embodied energy,” is that by understanding the energy exchanges
employed in developing the relationships, one has a better understanding of the
potential of the system for evolution.
For human society this is a form of history.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Ecosystems
evolve. They embody both stability and
change. There is a mechanism of
selection. Howard T. worked the
principles of economics into his model and that model has been elaborated in
terms of systems economics<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Where Howard
T. was mechanistic in his approach to systems ecology, brother Eugene was
perhaps more naturalistic. Eugene worked
to make biologist more aware of ecology.
Eugene’s teaching about a living Earth has had its own considerable
influence on the environmental movement.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Eugene liked
to use the metaphor of the Apollo 13 mission’s loss of its life support system
to illustrate the imperative of maintaining a sound, bio-regenerative,
self-supporting and self-maintaining, solar-powered, life support system on
planet (spaceship) Earth. As a result of
the impact we have had on our planetary ecosystem we need to think in terms of
damage control. We need to approach this
emergency in terms of resilience (recovery and adaptability). Howard T.’s maximum power principle applies,
which he and Eugene jointly expressed in 1981 as: “The systems most likely to survive in this
competitive world are those that efficiently transform the most energy into
useful work for themselves and surrounding system with which they are linked
for mutual benefit.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Eugene saw
the decoupling of the human species and nature as highly unnatural and
perilous. He noted that human beings are
not passive components of the ecosystem but actively engaged with it, modifying
it and trying to control it. We have now
come to dominate the planetary ecosystem and have introduced an accelerating
level of disequilibrium. Disequilibrium,
however, pumps the system with energy with the result (or consequence) of a new,
dissipative, structure (Prigogine<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>);
an emergent structure with unanticipated qualities. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Our
ignorance of how this super ecosystems works and our influence on it, is, in a
word, dangerous. We have no way of
knowing the outcome of the dissipative transformation but, without reasonable
understanding of and participation in the process, there is no guarantee that
it will be advantageous to the human species.
Far more likely not to our advantage for the simple reason that the
dynamics of natural selection are quite indifferent to human values systems, be
they humane or predatory. They are,
rather, governed by natural laws and not by ecologically detached and
indifferent human aspirations<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
An Ecosystem Architecture<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
One of the
objectives of the Transition Centre initiative is to develop an architecture of
a community ecosystem<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. From the sustainability literature I pulled
together a list of basic subsystems that are required to maintain a viable
community (below). That does not suggest that a
community build a wall about itself.
Communities are open systems: no
community is 100% self-reliant.
Throughout the entirety of human history (and prehistory) up to the
modern, urban-industrial era, economies have, however, been largely local and
self-reliant. Our present global economy
is far from local. The global economic
and social system is made possible only by massive injections of energy, mostly
derived from fossil fuels, and that system will survive only as long as those
energy and other non-renewable resources last (or remain economically feasible).
No ecosystem can survive if it attempts to live beyond its energy
income.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
One of the
chief impediments to our understanding of larger systems is our highly
conditioned, left-brained, linear thinking.
The roots of our disconnection to our ecosystem go back to ancient
times. The ancient Greeks formalized the
mind-body split. Unfortunately some of
our major religious systems, which participate in this split, have come to see
the world as a dark and evil place to be either transcended or dominated. And, too, science has detached itself from
the world it studies.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A number of
writers have theorized that our detachment from the Earth’s ecosystem goes back
to the invention of the alphabet, which enabled widespread literacy, but which
emphasized left-brained, linear and abstract thinking over the right-brained
emotional and pattern recognition driven functions. The rigid separation of reason and emotion by
modern rationalism has seriously aggravated the problem. The belief that we live in the world but not
of it, I considered gravely flawed.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"> General Systems Theory</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
For about a
century now a movement has been underway to think more holistically: to bring the parts, including mind and
matter, back together. General systems
theory is one of the results. The term
“general systems theory” was coined by Ludwig von Bertalanffy and the idea
formalized by James Grier Miller, Kenneth Boulding, Ralph Gerard and Anatol
Rapoport (a student of Korzybski) during the mid 1950s. GST has roots in general semantics, operational research,
cybernetics, systems theory, information theory, games theory, etc.; ideas that
have been developed in modern times.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The basic
rule of GST is that nothing exists in isolation. That is an easy thing to say but very hard to
make happen. In this age of experts and
specialists, ideas like holism, interdisciplinary, polymath, Fuller’s comprehensivist,
etc.<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></a></span>, are
still far from universally accepted. As
indicated, we are rigidly condition against the very idea of thinking outside
our box. And, in fact, it is not easy to
do.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">The Regional Survey</span></h2>
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One of the
earlier systematic thinkers who saw humans and their world as interrelated was
Patrick Geddes (1854 – 1932). Geddes
started the regional planning movement in Great Britain, worked extensively in
India and other developing countries, then continued to the end of his life to
spread his methods in Europe and America.
He developed the regional survey, an in-depth inventory of the human and
natural regions around a community (then a town or city). This included history and natural history,
soil, weather and climate, sociology, architecture: just about any and everything you can think
of. Trained as a biologist (he was
recognized in a number of other fields including sociology, town planning and
geography), he saw humans and their environment as a living system<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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This regional,
or “community,” survey idea has been carried on by others, some with and some
without acknowledging Geddes’ influence.
American Lewis Mumford (1895 – 1990), an associate of Geddes, wrote
extensively along this line. A
relatively recent popular and useful guide is <i>Building Communities From The Inside Out: A Path Toward Finding and Mobilizing A
Community’s Assets</i>, by John Kretzmann and John McKnight. But I would recommend learning something
about Geddes before trying more recent adaptations.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Systems Design</span></h2>
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The Odum’s
model is a visual, schematic representation of living systems. It draws on the technics of systems
analysis. This process starts with some
type of input and that input is something that has to be able to move. That is, it is or involves a form of
energy. For the Earth’s biosphere, the primary
energy source is the Sun. Solar energy
gets stored in a number of ways. In the
short term it is stored in wind, water potential and heat gradients. A lot of what was once solar energy is now
stored in coal, oil and gas. We are now
burning through millions of years of solar energy in a relative blink of he
eye. Yes, there are other energy sources
at work such as Lunar and solar tidal forces, the Earth’s magnetic field,
chemical reactions, gravity, geothermal, etc.
But what the biosphere lives on is primarily its solar income.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Systems
analysis is the tool used to design computer programs. Alan Turing laid the cornerstone of the
computer industry with the idea that if you could fully describe what is going
on, you could write a program to get a machine to emulate that process. Systems analysis is simply taking the time to
describe what is going on. It is
something we do all the time; from planning a dinner, planting a garden, taking
a trip, or solving a problem at work.
Much of life is just a lot more complex than that. Planning an Olympic event, a moon shot,
developing Google or Facebook, cell phone networks, computer applications;
these are just orders of magnitude more complicate. But those disciplines are now in place. Here is a Wiki definition of the work of software
engineers, the type of really smart people Bill Gates and Steve Jobs found to
change the way we live: <o:p></o:p></div>
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<i><b>Software
engineering</b> (<b>SE</b>) is the application of a systematic, disciplined,
quantifiable approach to the design, development, operation, and maintenance of
software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of
engineering to software.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
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A natural or
community ecosystem is just a few orders of magnitude more complex yet. But the tools and techniques are the same (at
least for the start). Yes, you need to
add in the fact that we are working with living, thinking, constantly adapting
systems. Bottom line, however, is that
we are, each and every one of us, right in the middle of this game working at
it all the time. We simply need to get a
clear vision of what it is that we want to achieve<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
and the consequences of our actions.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Here is an
example of such a schematic developed by M. T. Brown, which can be found at <i>A Prosperous Way Down</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>,
using Odum’s “energese,” or diagraming symbols.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq4uABqpkSB6yB3ZD9c3G3qocDpnQwaRRsBloehsodHVRwYWq4Oh45p9-eOD36JwlOy-1tN4Dg1KmuJZgN1Gg6nJVj8PEzyfLr-1kkoBWPX1zO50K8MLdSfe4sFbA0tSChNHBHRJUC1bw/s1600/Ecosystem+diagram.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq4uABqpkSB6yB3ZD9c3G3qocDpnQwaRRsBloehsodHVRwYWq4Oh45p9-eOD36JwlOy-1tN4Dg1KmuJZgN1Gg6nJVj8PEzyfLr-1kkoBWPX1zO50K8MLdSfe4sFbA0tSChNHBHRJUC1bw/s400/Ecosystem+diagram.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWhBeX_LmrtWR64TuxGFlq9gS0r4UwqZopS43QXkE2WTLLp02FOuBRpXi_V12s-_LwjUD7ew4aDqB0xnD4UtGSgLKTzPzYvItlp9Cyegb49zdYC1Bb2KhyurDNilhs_g7GfsIovmpzR1I/s1600/Energese.gif" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWhBeX_LmrtWR64TuxGFlq9gS0r4UwqZopS43QXkE2WTLLp02FOuBRpXi_V12s-_LwjUD7ew4aDqB0xnD4UtGSgLKTzPzYvItlp9Cyegb49zdYC1Bb2KhyurDNilhs_g7GfsIovmpzR1I/s400/Energese.gif" width="400" /></a></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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This is
merely an illustration of the highly involved discipline used in ecosystems
analysis. Let it be said for now that a
community is an ecosystem. In has inputs
of energy, material and information; it has internal processes where these
resources are consumed or transformed; and it has an output, which includes
waste heat energy. </div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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If you
consider a place like New York City, the scale of the human ecosystem is truly mind-boggling. The problem of understanding this ecosystem,
however, is not just complexity; it is a matter of accounting. Corporations, and often families, have
detailed accountings of what they consume, typically in terms of dollars. We need an accounting of actual units of
input, throughput and output. Even where
those statistics are found they do not share a common set of standards and
represent problems in translation into real numbers at the micro-level. Those figures are hard to come by simply
because we are conditioned to think in other terms. And unless and until we learn to think in
terms of what is actually happening, rather than abstract income and expenses,
we will not solve the sustainability problem.</div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<h2 style="margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Permaculture</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
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Permaculture
is a central feature of the Transition Towns model<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. TT founder Rob Hopkins is a permaculture
teacher and innovator. Permaculture
is an ecological design system. Its
objective is perpetual sustainability of the land we produce food and resources
on. It is also used to reclaim and
restore land that has been exhausted or degraded.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Permaculture
was developed by two Australians, Bill Mollison (professor) and David Holmgren
(student and collaborator), who came together to develop and “interdisciplinary
earth science” during the 1970s.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Permaculture
is the application of design to agriculture and is based on scientific
principles and research. Those
principles are, however, drawn from the experience of living on and with the
land, of becoming part of the ecosystem rather than its master.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Permaculture
is founded on a system of twelve principles, or thinking tools<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><i>Observe and interact</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><i>Catch and store energy</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><i>Obtain a yield</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><i>Apply self-regulation and accept feedback</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><i>Use and value renewable resources and
services</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><i>Produce no waste</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><i>Design from patterns to details</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><i>Integrate rather than segregate</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]--><i>Use small and slow solutions</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->10.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><i>Use
and value diversity</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->11.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><i>Use
edges and value the marginal</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->12.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><!--[endif]--><i>Creatively
use and respond to change</i><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYqR-Zfg2tbXXk0w6bOkdX81oTGL-MCmpESogOZXGGZn5KpM5Yo1IpKpmhDhErKFYoCuBrtvNW7L6qW0zqdWKG5iaUi9eqhmTMLnCs4SV3MBCfGQjgsL75_39ROOy2Gec5b8tzEsqLbuM/s1600/Permaculture+Flower.gif" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYqR-Zfg2tbXXk0w6bOkdX81oTGL-MCmpESogOZXGGZn5KpM5Yo1IpKpmhDhErKFYoCuBrtvNW7L6qW0zqdWKG5iaUi9eqhmTMLnCs4SV3MBCfGQjgsL75_39ROOy2Gec5b8tzEsqLbuM/s320/Permaculture+Flower.gif" width="320" /></a> </div>
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Another way
of looking at this is David Holmgren’s “Permaculture Flower” of the seven
domains of permaculture action<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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It starts
with ethics, human survivability, and the twelve principles then expands outwardly
into the seven domains<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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As can be
seen from this model, it is systematic, it is comprehensive, and it is a
discipline. It is far, far more than
gardening.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
Pattern
Language</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
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An integral
part of this model involves the pattern language system developed by architect
Christopher Alexander. A pattern is
defined as something that occurs over and over.
This approach begins with patterns that define places where people
live. Alexander collected hundreds of
these patterns and organized them.
Starting with a region, within the region is a distribution of towns,
agriculture, roads, the countryside, etc.
Within the towns will be markets, places people live, traffic
intersections, children, families, shops, food stands, etc. The list continues down to very fine detail.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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The
methodology is at the heart of pattern language. It starts with a picture, followed by an
introductory paragraph, a definition of the problem in a few sentences, the
body of the problem which provides the detail and the array of ways the pattern
can be manifest, then the solution to the problem which establishes the
relationship of the various elements, physical, social, etc., that are required
to make the pattern happen. The solution
is stated as a set of instruction, which includes a diagram. Within each pattern are the smaller patterns (what
Arthur Koestler called holons, or systems within systems) that are required to
complete the functioning entity.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Pattern language
assumes that the way humans build their environment is organic. Our social and cultural patterns have evolved
over thousands of years. Architecture is
a study of how those patterns form and work.
In master architect Lewis Sullivan’s words: “Form follows function.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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This organic
pattern comes out of the way people interact, or participate in communal
activity. It takes a long time for these
patterns to emerge and stabilize. They
become the local culture. A pattern, I
would like to add, from a systems ecology perspective, is not only structure
but a flow of energy; a movement of energy, like within a living cell or the
human body, that assembles matter into a persistent pattern, a structural
integrity, which persist even when the matter in the pattern is constantly
replaced<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The pattern
language model was used to develop <i>The
Transition Companion</i><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<h1 style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
Synergetics</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
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R. Buckminster
(Bucky) Fuller, inventor of the geodesic dome, was ecological design science
exemplified. The genesis of Fuller’s life
work was his extreme nearsightedness.
Before he got his first eyeglasses as a child, he conceived of the world
in terms of triangles rather than the box-like rooms we normally perceive. He spent a lot of his life developing a model
of the universe based not on right angles (90<sup>0</sup>) but on the 60<sup>0</sup>
angles of the triangle. Triangles are
natures preferred way of organizing matter.
Triangles have tremendous structural integrity, which is to say that
they don’t readily collapse. A square
(or rectangle), like a wall of a building, which defines the space we are
conditioned to understanding, must be diagonally (triangle) braced or it will collapse. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4uOHAUUcSQ1zi2xM5XubJzbDO-By72lTSB9-gpEn7MvybHiQwz0JzEkC0DhJPLniiLH9SErdLmdfH-3DePQIX5Q_e6gbOufReXtf0zK_m2NDist_idq4TIu6Jl0Bi3CGXc7duEXrNuno/s1600/Tetrahedron.jpeg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4uOHAUUcSQ1zi2xM5XubJzbDO-By72lTSB9-gpEn7MvybHiQwz0JzEkC0DhJPLniiLH9SErdLmdfH-3DePQIX5Q_e6gbOufReXtf0zK_m2NDist_idq4TIu6Jl0Bi3CGXc7duEXrNuno/s1600/Tetrahedron.jpeg" /></a></div>
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Fuller
translated this thinking not only into the technology of the geodesic dome<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
but a geometry of thinking he called synergetics<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. Synergetics is based on the structure of the
tetrahedron, a solid constructed formed by four triangles. This figure represents a minimum system: It has an inside (the system) and an outside
(the environment). It requires four
components (each vertex of the figure), each of which is connected to all the
others.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Let me
describe how this works. Start with one
corner, one idea. Mathematically it is a
point. In essence a point has no length,
width or depth. Connect that point to
another and you achieve the dimension of length. Connect those two points to a third, in the
form of a triangle, and you have two dimensions and a surface. Connect those three points to a fourth and
you achieve a “solid,” a three dimensional figure. This is a minimal system: It has an “inside” and an “outside.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Between each
pair of points is a line of force and the energy along this line goes in both
directions: two degrees of freedom. Given that there are six lines, that makes
twelve degrees of freedom. Given that
there is movement and "non-simultanity," you also have “time.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ0ub-uH4p_ocBB9drz6rdVetlv6GoyrnUWNaMOK4KVDInox-gJyW75u8jXSMusYExIC6JlnBEcGP2qJl_vCFR1nDSnNkWJ-gjloOwCRqvlDyPbgm7g-N8dH_EsL2zYkLqthA0ppfcsQI/s1600/Network+complexity.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ0ub-uH4p_ocBB9drz6rdVetlv6GoyrnUWNaMOK4KVDInox-gJyW75u8jXSMusYExIC6JlnBEcGP2qJl_vCFR1nDSnNkWJ-gjloOwCRqvlDyPbgm7g-N8dH_EsL2zYkLqthA0ppfcsQI/s320/Network+complexity.png" width="139" /></a>The idea of permutations also applies. Each additional point (”N”) roughly (not
exactly, the simple formula is (N<sup>2</sup>-N)/2) doubles the number
connections. By adding just one
additional point the number of connections goes from six to ten and the degrees
of freedom from twelve to twenty. Unlike
the song in which the knee bone is connected to the hipbone, this is not a
linear model<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. In my meta-taxonomy of 22 basic human needs,
there are, for example, 231 connections between these components; and that
doesn’t get down to the detail within each.
Daunting yes, but so too was the computer and software revolution, which
has now settled into a routine industry.
Today that field has evolved into social network architecture technology,
which is a definite step in the direction of human systems ecology.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Fuller’s book on <i>Synergetics</i>,
and its sequel, <i>Synergetics 2</i>,
represents a daunting intellectual exercise suitable for those who love
mathematical games<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. A far more readable account of the system can
be found in Fuller’s synergetic collaborator, E. J. Applewhite’s <i>Cosmic Fishing</i>. This book provides a fabulous insight into
the mind and character of Bucky Fuller.
Fuller, while challenging, was one of the twentieth century’s greatest
sustainability thinkers. He left a
fabulous legacy of environmental design science.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
Korzybski
and General Semantics</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
Alfred Korzybski was a Polish chemical engineer and
mathematician (also an accomplished linguist) who settled in the US following
World War I and begin an in-depth exploration into how to use advancing scientific
knowledge to improve human mental health and communication. In 1933 he published <i>Science and Sanity</i> and the book was judged one of the
most influential of its time. Korzybski
closely studied how humans transform experience into language and how we use
language in ways that distort reality.
His objective was to develop a method for forming accurate internal
representations of the world brought to us by our senses and a discipline of
communications that allows us to more accurately exchange information about the
world as it really is. His intention was
to thereby reduce conflict by the process of bringing us into common agreement
about what we know about our world. That
is, if we each see it as it really is we would have the basis of agreement and
cooperation.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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He was one of the first to not only bridge the gaps
between the sciences but to extend his holistic system to the social
science. He saw humans as an integral
part of the surrounding environment: no
division between mind and body. He saw
science as an integral system of knowledge, not a lot of specialized
subjects. He believed that when we are
well-informed about the world and events around us, and he believed all
ordinary people could do so, we were part of it and part of the society of
shared experience with all other human beings.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Korzybski also influenced the emergence of holistic,
humanistic psychology.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">The link to <i>Korzybski's General Semantics: Principles and Practices</i> is <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lnody98kiUlMGCPAM5b0tnrVB79BqiYO/edit" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>
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<br /></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
Ralph
Borsodi and the School of Living</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
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<br /></div>
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Ralph Borsodi is remembered as the father of the
back-to-the-land movement but he is far more important for his development of the central
institution of a sustainable, agrarian community: The School of Living. Borsodi’s School of Living was developed during the crises of the middle of the last century (The Great Depression and World War II). The SoL provides the knowledge, skills and
mental preparation needed to form and maintain its community. In a series of books Borsodi described a program
for forming the “quality” human being; that is the full potential of each
member of the community. These books
represent a pioneering effort to design a holistic human learning program<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[26]</span></span></span></a>.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">A link to <i>The Essential Ralph Borsodi</i> is <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-DTkKVB_MqL_GjDLCsVUcWgZTA2Pn7uh/edit" target="_blank">here</a>.<br />
<br /><o:p></o:p></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
A First Synthesis<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<br /></div>
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If we are going to do anything about creating a
sustainability world, and of adapting to the profound changes to come, we have
to move from theory to practice. So let
me start with a brief summary:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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A human community is an ecosystem. It is an integral part of the Earth’s
biosphere. Like all ecosystems it is an
unimaginably complex organization. It is
based not only on the laws of physics and biological systems but includes the
active participation of human intelligence, a force that is capable of
dramatically transforming the environment.
Those qualities that define our species have initiated a process that
has, in this modern, energy-driven, age, begun to cause environmental
consequences that imperil the human future.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
This raises the question of human nature. Like it or not, when we say that humans are
part of the biosphere, we err in thinking that we are not, or should not be, a
commanding presence. We are, quite
literally, the universe becoming aware of itself. Our mistake is that, like a pampered,
narcissistic brat, we have chosen to break the laws of the system that gave us
life and consciousness. There are inescapable
consequences. Nature designed us to
solve problems, not create them.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
Perhaps it is more than coincidence that two sons of
Howard W. Odum, who gave us an early view of organic human community, produced a
biologically-based science of ecosystems.
This science validates and provides tools for the study of community
ecology. The science of ecosystems tends
to reside in academia as a specialized subject that is relatively inaccessible
to those of us on the outside.
Permaculture, however, is a practical application of ecosystems that can
be learned and applied by anyone<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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The study of ecosystems is not only about understanding
but also engagement; something called design.
In order to live appropriately on this Good Earth, we need to use the
qualities we so uniquely represent to become not the adversary to but an
active, integral part of an incredible life-system. Permaculture is a great place to start.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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The ethos of ecosystem management is that we have to
first, and foremost, survive. Like it or
not, for all our prowess, nature selects those species that have the greatest
capacity to adapt. To use another
metaphor, we are like a child with a box of matches and unless we grow up and
learn to be responsible very quickly, we are going to burn our house down, so
to speak. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuc_s9tqxpmQ_tkQRlzrLCEOGSetZk0aEXuoH-APyqsWljpJ20Q3_u4a1NRZqSeDHjjXcLUT9spEdiM9LFMnr_Fqi3MKXrS6wXEvpvKjLgA-tSO4Ic1jFEx2i9u67xQ9kuyoZQtT8R4tI/s1600/Ying-Yang+symbol.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuc_s9tqxpmQ_tkQRlzrLCEOGSetZk0aEXuoH-APyqsWljpJ20Q3_u4a1NRZqSeDHjjXcLUT9spEdiM9LFMnr_Fqi3MKXrS6wXEvpvKjLgA-tSO4Ic1jFEx2i9u67xQ9kuyoZQtT8R4tI/s200/Ying-Yang+symbol.jpg" width="200" /></a>We live in a Yin-Wang universe. It is not a universe of opposites but rather
of compliments. The modern era has given
us not only the means to burn the house down but, if we can grow up a little,
to delve into the essence that is our potential as a co-creator on our world.</div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
The social-Darwinism that has driven so much of human
predatory practices is essentially wrong in emphasizing competition. An ecosystem is founded on the principle of
cooperation. The strong, in fact, do not
survive well. The successor of T-Rex is
the bird singing on the branch outside of my window.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
In this essay I have outlined some of the more promising
subjects that give us the tools to realize who and what we really are. The twenty-first century will be
transformative but in terms very different from that of the last century. It will likely be tragic. We have already wasted far too much
time preparing our adaptation. We need to grow up and get serious
without delay.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
With these tools we have the means, if not yet the will,
to create a perpetually sustainable world.
The sustainability movement, as I said, is by far the largest in the
history of the planet. It is as yet
largely undefined. It lacks
coherence. It must, if it is to affect
the course of history, coalesce around a new ethos and develop the tools and
leadership needed to turn it from mob to movement. That will happen at the local, community,
level.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
There are a
lot of pieces to this puzzle and our task is, first to get them on the same
table, connected and interacting.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
The Fifth
Element</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Before the
modern age our ancestors saw the universe as composed of four elements: Earth, Air, Fire and Water. These represent qualities of the material
world: hot, cold, wet, dry. There was always a sense that there was a
fifth element. The ancients believed
there was something even more fundamental, called “aether,” out of which the
four elements formed. About a century
ago science searched for and failed to find this fifth element. What was found is a fundamental constant in
the universe: the speed of light. From that discovery Einstein developed his
famous E=mc<sup>2</sup>, an equation that defines the relationship between
matter and energy and the nature of space and time; another foursome. In this new, scientifically defined universe,
there are still only four fundamental forces:
gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces. The ultimate goal of physical science today is
to find the fundamental particle and the fundamental force that is at the root
our material existence. Our DNA is also
composed of just four “letters.” Bottom
line is that there is a fundamental simplicity and elegance to nature and we
need to learn from this.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Science has
given us the tools and produced the knowledge to allow us to reach a whole new
and far more practical understanding of the world we live in. It has taught us that the universe is more
marvelous and more mysterious that even the ancients imagined. But it is we human beings who are aware of,
just barely aware of, how this universe works and our role in it.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Many a deep
thinker has spent sleepless nights wondering if the fifth element is the
quality we human beings manifest:
consciousness.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The
knowledge and skills we have accumulated are but a small part of who and what
we are. They have to be applied. And for these applications to be successful
adaptations to the demands of life, they have to be successful, that is
pro-survival.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Central to
the idea of ecosystems is that the things we do have to be done not in
isolation but as functional parts of a whole system, or at least as subsystems
of the whole, and within the boundaries of which we have some comprehension of
the forces working in our lives, which is by definition the community where we
live.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Each part,
and what it does, has a positive potential effect <u>if and only if</u> it
compliments the other parts and fills a need.
There must, first, be an existing need:
a receptor. If a surplus, for
example, is not effectively stored it can become an impediment to the free
function of a system. If a part does not
fit it may (likely will) produce disharmony or conflict.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Unlike human
systems, biological ecosystems are not conscious. They achieve balance and integration by trial
and error; lots of error.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Humans are
self-conscious and we act deliberately, for the better or the worse.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In the past,
human communities also grew organically, spontaneously, by trail and error, by
adapting. Civic, religious and
educational institutions were formed for the purpose of maintaining social order –
the quality in a biological system we would call homoeostasis. The rapid rate of change and innovation of
the modern age has disrupted thousands of years of social adaptation. Our best attempts to force social adaptation
have only distorted and fragmented these institutions. The most powerful of these institutions now
exist primary for their own self-preservation:
They have formed virtually impermeable boundaries. They have become highly dysfunctional. Examples of this dysfunction are seen every
day in the news. The poster child at
this writing is the US Congress. Closed systems inevitably fail.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
This modern
age, while bringing us many good and useful things, has dramatically changed
our relationship to the world we live in.
Rather than live as a part of the biosphere, we have chosen to exploit
it, and undeterred in our pursuit of growth and material comfort, we are
accelerating the disequilibrium in the biosphere. Why are we constantly surprised that there
are consequences?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Climate
change is a major focus of the environmental movement: trying to fix it. But climate change is an effect, not a
cause. We are not, it becomes
increasingly evident, going to fix climate change. We have to adapt. Yet we still hope the adaptation will be a
Star Trek future: continued mastery of,
exploitation of, nature; a perpetual “growth” economy. As grand as the theme is, “to go where no one
has gone before,” the metaphor is one simply of expanding our dominion of the
universe. Of course that gets the crew
into terribly dangerous situations.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The lesson
we gain from the Star Trek dramas is that the human element, a deep and
fundamental set of human values, is what saves the day. We see in these episodes an ethically based
action that has become rare in our age.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
If we think
the universe is hostile and indifferent, that is because we are in opposition
to it. The universe
does not have value judgments. We do.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Consider: We are that creation of life that can conceive
what we call the higher, or spiritual, values, and only we can have these
values; in the form of an “enlightened” behavior within the fabric of life. Are these values detached and abstract, even other-worldly,
or are they consistent with life in the biosphere?<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Putting it Together<o:p></o:p></h1>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
We start with the reality that human society has pushed
the biosphere into a far from equilibrium state and this will have
consequent. Our petro-industrial
civilization is not sustainable.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
The second term in our argument is the premise that a
community is an ecosystem.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
Odum and Odum and others gave us a science for
understanding ecosystems. It is founded on
biological science.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
This science draws on general systems theory and a range
of linked disciplines related to process and communication. It is a holistic method<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
Permaculture is a practical application of this approach.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
Other disciplines I use to support this model
include: Alexander’s pattern language,
Fuller’s synergetics, Korzybski’s general semantics and Borsodi’s School of Living<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
There is a vast field ripe for a focused discipline about
local, national and planetary sustainability (and, because we can only begin to
comprehend problems at this level, it all starts locally).<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
Transition Towns was designed to mobilize a community to
organize itself to become fully sustainable.
This community has to be adaptable.
The term used by the TT movement is “resilience.” It is linked to the principles of
permaculture and systems ecology.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
If we are serious about creating an effective adaptive system our objective is to organize this discipline, set up (practical, community-based) training programs, and programs to train “leaders<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt;">[28]</span></span></span></a>” in both management of sustainability efforts and related community organization.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;"><br />
The transitional, self-reliant, sustainable community and the comprehensive learning institution that serve it are the objectives Transition Centre seeks to clarify and impliment.<o:p></o:p><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
Transitional
Mapping</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
Transition Town State College (TTSC) started an
eco-community project it calls “Mapping.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The idea of
transition mapping comes from three observations:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Sustainability groups too rarely know much, if
anything, about each other, let alone work together.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->A community is an ecosystem, just like a forest
or lake. It consists of a large number
of spontaneously interdependent parts that make it a living entity.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span><!--[endif]-->We form our eco-community not by will but by discovery
of natural relationships between its parts.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The purpose
of this enterprise is to build a virtual organization within the community that
collectively seeks to merge resources for the common goal of achieving a
sustainable future.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
As
mentioned, in <i>Blessed Unrest</i>, Paul
Hawken reported that the largest movement on the planet is the sustainability
movement. It has millions of followers
and tens of thousands of organizations all over the world. It is, I must stress, essentially unorganized
and incoherent. It is clearly time,
there is a clear need, to take this movement to the next level.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7ISniHE8W5DKpPN21IBTblmV__5vL-dr1cY0gcePpydYHAbmNOvAX38VHuT2P6ihmjOqdl4XeaC5jan-ZV1JOiF2NWWsl4XAh50oiZ5Xcv501aaozfkX2W37Lk04VfVjLAl4_yn4655M/s1600/Gladwell+network.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7ISniHE8W5DKpPN21IBTblmV__5vL-dr1cY0gcePpydYHAbmNOvAX38VHuT2P6ihmjOqdl4XeaC5jan-ZV1JOiF2NWWsl4XAh50oiZ5Xcv501aaozfkX2W37Lk04VfVjLAl4_yn4655M/s320/Gladwell+network.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In <i>The Tipping Point</i>, Malcolm Gladwell
identified three types of players in the process of change: People who came up with great ideas, people
good at selling ideas (persuasion) and people who connect. The mapping project focus is on people and
organizations that connect. The purpose
of making the connections, however, is to mobilize collective action.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Human beings
are social animals; by far and away the most sophisticated social species. Our very identity as human beings is defined
by our relationship with other people. The ideal form of human association is the
community. A community is by definition
a group of people who share the same values and worldview and who work for
their mutual benefit.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
I want to
take this idea a step further: I cannot
overstress the idea that human communities are ecosystems. This is more than metaphor; it is a
fact. We are organized like connected
dots on a map but that is only where it starts.
There is an emerging field of social networking analysis that attempts
to give us a visual image of how we are connected. As mentioned, there is a lot of new stuff
coming out on social networking and the dynamic forms of cooperative enterprise
that defines the modern organization.
That so much effort is going into this area is indicative of the innate
need for greater connectedness.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
But back to
the dots. All too often, as I said,
there is not even a comprehensive list of sustainability organizations. Where such directories exist, they are an
invaluable resource. A very worthwhile
project, if you don’t have it already, is to create one<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. Then what?
You’ve got to connect the dots, get the social networking architecture
in place. Then you need to do something
else and that is to figure out what happens along those connectors.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
It’s not
really hard work. It is something we all
naturally do. It just calls for a bit
more intention, a goal to connect, and the discipline to write it down and
think about it. There is a critical
threshold between casual and committed.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
In an
ecosystem energy flows between the connections.
That is what makes it an ecosystem.
Not just a bunch of diverse parts, not just the connections between
them, but, I must stress, what happens along all those connections.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
The
objective of transition mapping is to develop an ecosystem model of the
sustainability groups within a “community” and how they relate to each other.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">
The Transition Town State College Map</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Centre
County, Pennsylvania, has a resident population of just over 150,000. About half live in and around State College<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. We are also the home of Penn State and over
40,000 students. We founded a Transition
Town here in 2010. We’ve done a lot of
the usual things a Transition Initiative does with typical mixed results. We now have a project I consider to be part
of, shall I use the term, the new paradigm.
We call it the Mapping Project.
It is about awakening our community ecosystem.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
How many
sustainability organizations and groups and activities do you have in your
community? Transition Town State College
actually embraces about a dozen townships and, of course, the University. At last count, and the list<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
is growing, there are over 250 local organizations with sustainability on their
agenda in our area<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. (We had been guessing far less than half that
number.) They range from conservation
and environmental groups, such as ClearWater Conservancy, chapters of the
Sierra Club, National Wildlife Federation and Trout Unlimited, to local sustainable
agriculture (including PASA) to community gardens to Penn State student
organizations, etc. There are a number
of government and business organizations getting on the list. The recently formed Penn State Sustainability
Institute<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
has added a virtual new dimension to the local sustainability network.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDX8N4kEYwn0AlmAkJI5cVcvvbr8aEsCnlI-qIJz5brsF7dajKZQNLk1Npbm05VloSzDaAZhnCBOiHdureSbm33vFU3FIri8goIGSBoNtK1CGKP3jIzbdmCcnQ6djS51hDBpz9KUXmCn8/s1600/diamond.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDX8N4kEYwn0AlmAkJI5cVcvvbr8aEsCnlI-qIJz5brsF7dajKZQNLk1Npbm05VloSzDaAZhnCBOiHdureSbm33vFU3FIri8goIGSBoNtK1CGKP3jIzbdmCcnQ6djS51hDBpz9KUXmCn8/s200/diamond.png" width="200" /></a>These groups
perform all sorts of functions. This is
where I find the gemstone metaphor suggestive:
they are, potentially, like the facets on a great diamond. The splendor of a diamond is how all the
facets work together to gather and focus the light. It is something we all know as great beauty. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
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Several
efforts were made locally to draw groups into collaborative activity. One series of such activities included two
TTSC lead Marcellus Shale Forums followed by a Public Issues, day-long, forum
in which TTSC was represented as a planner (late 2011 to April 2012). These meetings brought a great many people
together, from both sides of the issue, to explore and learn.<o:p></o:p></div>
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In late 2011
a small group was formed by a local green mayor, Elizabeth Goreham, composed of
nearly a dozen organizations that set out to develop a portal of sustainability
organizations<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. That portal was realized by one of the
partners of this group, New Leaf Initiative, about a year later<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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In an effort
to draw more groups together TTSC co-sponsored a potluck and community meeting
with a local green church (Grace Lutheran) that drew nearly 70 people
representing 25 organizations (January 2013). Building on this experience TTSC held a
workshop in which three teams created maps of their perception of how a list of 60 local organizations fit together.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Members of
the TTSC core group have conducted face-to-face surveys with a number of
sustainability organizations to both gather information and make connections.
We are doing that in part for the purpose of letting folks know that they are part of a
larger community ecosystem. We are just
getting started but the promise of this project already appears very large.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">The current <i>Sustainable Happy Valley</i> directory is available at this <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1W-1Dn1aeP87HaLUKbE9AqhJQnJHQrk0N/edit" target="_blank">link</a>.</div>
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<h1 style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
Community Ecosystem Mapping
(CEM)<o:p></o:p></h1>
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Out of this effort evolved Community Ecosystem Mapping
(CEM). This model is drawing on emerging
technology to both enhance understanding of community ecosystems and uses
ecosystems to extend the concept of social networking to creating an
interactive model of our community sustainability enterprise.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="f"/>
<w:wrap type="square"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]-->As suggested, a
community is an ecosystem: an evolved,
complex set of highly interrelated processes.
Let’s looks at a highly simplified model of a community ecosystem. The basic functions of this model are: Inputs, Throughputs and Outputs.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKZXGifXQdg7CTaJyNYCXRUEgqoVF_YJGChVXj6aVOsrpiPOL7soVoPX_-h9c4TEGL8l-RMZtq5VtG7uFFxyvhhN4jywn21maSJFiAydenONFHThMB21aYDZ_JORmcNqJhx9GaRVxIIKc/s1600/Community+Process.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKZXGifXQdg7CTaJyNYCXRUEgqoVF_YJGChVXj6aVOsrpiPOL7soVoPX_-h9c4TEGL8l-RMZtq5VtG7uFFxyvhhN4jywn21maSJFiAydenONFHThMB21aYDZ_JORmcNqJhx9GaRVxIIKc/s320/Community+Process.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
Inputs, for a human community, consist of things like
food, water, energy, goods, services and information. The community itself consists of a group of people
who occupy an identifiable place, with boundaries that are usually defined as
political entities<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">
In the CEM model, sustainability is not at the
intersection of events but the show itself, so to speak. Human society is, and should be considered as,
a subsystem within the environment.
Human beings, we tend to forget, are an intricate part of the
biosphere. The economy is a subsystem of
society and the environment.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikQ_mTB7mln4mgbaUxTSdQQI7_9FiOTDpeui5yJxyO__hQyXbuNUsA46qGOo8mHbS-ssNJDp9HWkb6L9VpcLsRlXVOXXYRmQC7-xwpuf1lV5H1UkBV1_aXTdte2dZhdp2jOTYMjjSrMek/s1600/Sustainability+three+parts.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="289" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikQ_mTB7mln4mgbaUxTSdQQI7_9FiOTDpeui5yJxyO__hQyXbuNUsA46qGOo8mHbS-ssNJDp9HWkb6L9VpcLsRlXVOXXYRmQC7-xwpuf1lV5H1UkBV1_aXTdte2dZhdp2jOTYMjjSrMek/s320/Sustainability+three+parts.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Intersection Model of Sustainability</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<br /></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihuCNp4jpzv3LtIq8v_gpiGm1ZpmvYZ3zxRLoK9TzekPR07FztkFZuoQmwSEDSi_fS4Mt3qrfAGd8gw7vv-V8k6wcSNWj9RJRs9fuUWMXnaSjVvgdpB3Hou8gURC1tZM-Y1CK1tXlVfzA/s1600/Sustainability+bullseye.gif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihuCNp4jpzv3LtIq8v_gpiGm1ZpmvYZ3zxRLoK9TzekPR07FztkFZuoQmwSEDSi_fS4Mt3qrfAGd8gw7vv-V8k6wcSNWj9RJRs9fuUWMXnaSjVvgdpB3Hou8gURC1tZM-Y1CK1tXlVfzA/s320/Sustainability+bullseye.gif" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Holistic Model of Sustainability</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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The Transition Centre list of twenty-two basic human needs
was drawn from the literature of sustainability, and as such is a workable list
of functions within the community. These
both define inputs and processes within the boundaries of the “community:”<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">1.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">FOOD<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">2.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">WATER<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">3.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">SHELTER<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #00174e; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">4.</span><span style="color: #00174e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">CLOTHING<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">5.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">ENERGY<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">6.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">WASTE MANAGEMENT<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">7.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">ECONOMY/Services and Made Goods<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #00174e; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">8.</span><span style="color: #00174e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">COMMUNITY/SOCIETY<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #00174e; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">9.</span><span style="color: #00174e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">FAMILY<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">10.</span><span style="color: #00174e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">EDUCATION<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">11.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> <span style="color: #00174e;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">LITERATURE, ART AND RECREATION<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">12.</span><span style="color: #00174e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">HEALTH CARE <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">13.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">TRANSPORTATION<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">14.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">COMMUNICATIONS<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">15.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">GOVERNANCE<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">16.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> <span style="color: #00174e;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">SECURITY (PUBLIC SAFETY)<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">17.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">18.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">HISTORY: SOCIAL AND
NATURAL<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">19.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">ARTS, ENTERTAINMENT AND COMMUNICATION<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">20.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">21.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">OLD AGE SECURITY<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #00174e; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">22.</span><span style="color: #00174e; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt;">SCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY<span style="color: #00174e;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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A sustainable and self-sufficient community would provide
most of these needs itself. There is no
such thing, however, as a totally self-sufficient community in
the developed world. Indeed, much of the
world is part of a global marketplace.
That marketplace is defined by our current patterns of consumption. The bottom line, however, is that this
lifestyle is not sustainable. Our first
priority, therefore, is to define not only what is being consumed within the
boundaries of our community but what would be necessary to support an
acceptable quality of life. Then comes
the question of how we can meet a growing share of these needs from local
resources in a way that insures perpetual sustainability for our
community. For that to happen will
require a whole and entirely different economic model. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The assumption that we cannot transform the economy is
false. The economy is constantly
transforming itself and those transformations have accelerated over just the
past few generations. Within living
memory we have gone from an agrarian economy to an industrial economy – several
industrial economies, in fact – to a post-industrial economy. Each stage of industrial development has had
a primary energy source and each of these was succeeded by another that defined
the economy it supports. Information
technology now has and continues to dramatically transform human social
organization. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Every successful business enterprise is an exercise in
economic transformation. The Great
Recession of 2008 was largely the result of economic innovations that simply
did not work and we are clearly in need of an economic system that does
work. The idea of sustainability demands
a dramatic transformation of the economy.
Community Ecosystem Mapping seeks to define and reestablish a natural
flow of exchange and that, by definition, is an economic model. We have to transition the current model
into a natural model.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The scope of this problem is analogous to setting up a
human colony on another world. Indeed,
it is virtually the same problem. To do
so would require an exacting catalog of what is necessary to sustain life and
society. An attempt to explore this
concept was undertaken in the Biosphere II project<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Food Systems</span></h2>
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According to the USDA, the average American requires about
a ton of food per year. That figure is decidedly
skewed as it includes the ingredients of highly processed foods and does not
include the acreage needed to grow feed for meat and dairy products. Ralph Borsodi, founder of the School of Living,
a cost accountant by profession who carefully studied the economics of
self-reliance, estimated that a family of five could live on 2 ½ tons of food
per year plus meat and dairy products.
He also demonstrated that this amount of food, including dairy products,
could be grown by the family on three acres of land<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.
Virtually all of our food can be grown in the US; and what can’t be grown in
this climate is not essential for a healthy and agreeable diet.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Borsodi’s School of Living model is an economy of
self-reliant homesteaders. They grow
most of what they need and live in a community that cooperates for the
collective welfare – which is the way we lived until modern times. If we choose a society with a higher degree
of division of labor, where local small-scale farmers (roughly 80 acres) grow
the food, we have a different but potentially manageable business model. I want to stay with this “Plan B” for a bit.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Small-scale local farming is based on the assumption that
the great majority of food products are in fact raised within a matter of an
hour or less transportation from a town or city. To a limited extent, this model is already in
place. This is a “farm to table” model
in which food is grown and sold directly within the local market<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Growing food locally is only part of the model. It seems that the most pressing barrier is
actually the market where the farmers sell their foods locally. While the scale of the local food model has
grown dramatically over the last decade or so, it is still a highly restricted
one. The idea of even doubling it (to
about one percent) has proven daunting; let alone scaling up to ten, twenty and
progressively higher shares of the local market. As is often the case, this is a consequence
of inadequate cooperative enterprise. It
is not easy to do. It requires a
passionate will and hard work to accomplish.
But it starts with coalescing interested parties and bringing them into
alignment. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Finding land, finance, skilled workers, tools and
equipment and other means to put the land into production is a significant undertaking. There are two other parts of this model. First is a complex supply chain needed to provide
the tools and resources to produce food.
Second is a distribution, processing, and storage chain that follows
production. Both of these markets can be localized and
made part of the community economy. It
is, in short, not just the farms but the two wings of this model that need to
be and can be developed. This local food
sector would generate a lot of jobs and circulate a lot of wealth within the
community.<o:p></o:p></div>
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While there is a lot of literature about making us a
nation of farmers, and academic studies about improving the food system, I have
yet to see a comprehensive model for doing that.
Yes, there are some wonderful examples of expanding local food
consumption. I have written about some
of them in “Local Food Revolution<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>”. These are, however, the “finger pointing to
the Moon.” Indeed, the scope of the
project would not be unlike the effort that went into the Apollo missions. But it can and must be accomplished: Local food is the entry to creating a
sustainable community and economy. It is
also about the only way to start it<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<h2 style="margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;">The Whole Community</span></h2>
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Likewise for each of the other 21 basic needs; each of
which is a definable subsystem of the sustainable community. If you can do local foods, you can do them
all. In fact, if you achieve local food
self-sufficiency, all the rest will follow.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Community Ecosystem mapping is showing considerable
promise for extending ecosystems science into the realm of human
community. The model promises to yield a
virtual organizational framework through the process of identifying, linking
and defining the relationship between local sustainability organizations. It also holds the promise of defining
organization by discovery rather than imposition. It creates an enhanced consciousness of not
only the natural environment but the social environment as well. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The most pressing risk today is not climate change but
resource scarcity. Manic consumption of
resources is indeed causing climate change and other environmental stresses but
climate change is the effect, not the cause.
Climate change is no longer something that will happen in the future; it
is hurting us now. The effects of
climate change, however, will be of secondary importance to that of rapidly
diminishing nonrenewable resources over the next few decades. There may be a Star Trek future but it is a
high-risk dream. Betting everything on
technological progress is not prudent.
For now population is still accelerating and developing countries are
working hard to get their share of the pie.
Resource depletion has an immediate and evolving economic impact. Community Ecosystem Mapping offers the
potential of understanding the design of a truly sustainable economy and such
an economy, inevitably, is what we will have whether by design or by failure to
do so.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The model is rapidly evolving and will be reported in
future posts.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">[The Transition Centre Rural Resilient Hub model can <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1i4swyUboNf7z-c5v9yCb9usrwEF-yZuf/edit" target="_blank">here</a>.]</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">Bill Sharp, Director</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in;">Transition Centre <a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org">www.transitioncentre.org</a>. </div>
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<div id="ftn1">
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> A
boundary that has been increasingly dissolved by globalization and human
migration between places.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></a>
See Korzybski Institute for the Study of General Semantics at: <a href="http://korzybskiinstitute.blogspot.com/">http://korzybskiinstitute.blogspot.com</a><span class="MsoHyperlink">. </span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Their father, Howard W. Odum was a renowned
sociologist who applied the principles of holism to his work and developed
models of regional cultures, particularly southern agrarianism, that have
informed thinking about agrarian reengagement for decades. Howard W., in son Eugene’s words encouraged
him to: "seek more harmonious
relationships between man and nature."<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div id="ftn5">
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> I
keep the “T.” in the name to distinguish him from his renowned father.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Sankey Diagrams: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankey_diagram">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankey_diagram</a>.
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Energy Systems Language <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Systems_Language">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Systems_Language</a>.
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Unfortunately more of an academic discipline than a practical model.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Prigogine: <a href="http://www.utexas.edu/faculty/council/2003-2004/memorials/prigogine/prigogine.html">http://www.utexas.edu/faculty/council/2003-2004/memorials/prigogine/prigogine.html</a>
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
It is a reasonable assumption that some human social system will successfully
adapt to whatever conditions emerge; but that is not to say that all or even a
majority will do so.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
An outline of the approach and the twenty-two basic human needs can be found on
the home page at <a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/">www.transitioncentre.org</a>
and will be further explicated in my upcoming <i>Community, Economy and Energy</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn12">
<div class="CellNote">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> A. E. van Vogt coined the
term Nexialism to give a literary framework to the systems thinking of Alfred
Korzybski: "Nexialism is the
science of joining in an orderly fashion the knowledge of one field of learning
with that of other fields. It provides
techniques for speeding up the processes of absorbing knowledge and of using
effectively what has been learned."<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[13]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Lewis Mumford was the US equivalent to (and friend of) Geddes.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn14">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[14]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
This points in the direction of “Fifth Sector Leadership” as outline on the
home page of <a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/">www.transitioncentre.org</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn15">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[15]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <a href="http://prosperouswaydown.com/subsystems"><i>http://prosperouswaydown.com/subsystems</i></a><i><span style="color: #626262;">. </span></i><o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn16">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[16]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> I
am a Transition Town founder.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn17">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[17]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Permaculture Principles: <a href="http://www.permaculturedesignsolutions.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66:principles-of-permaculture-design-from-david-holmgren-and-bill-mollison&catid=35:articles&Itemid=77">http://www.permaculturedesignsolutions.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66:principles-of-permaculture-design-from-david-holmgren-and-bill-mollison&catid=35:articles&Itemid=77</a>.
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn18">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[18]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Permaculture Flower: <a href="http://permacultureprinciples.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Holmgren_Pc_Flower.mp3">http://permacultureprinciples.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Holmgren_Pc_Flower.mp3</a>.
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn19">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[19]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Click on each petal at the web link for more detail, go to home page for more
information: <a href="http://permacultureprinciples.com/flower/">http://permacultureprinciples.com/flower/</a>.
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn20">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[20]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> A
pattern defined by a set of code called DNA.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn21">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[21]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
See my review at <a href="http://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2011/11/transition-companion-review.html">http://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2011/11/transition-companion-review.html</a>.
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn22">
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[22]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Google/image: geodesic dome.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn23">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[23]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Synergetics <a href="http://bfi.org/?q=node/107">http://bfi.org/?q=node/107</a>.
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn24">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[24]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
See also Metcalf’s Law: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe's_law">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metcalfe's_law</a>
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn25">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[25]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
The art and science of community ecosystem, and its components, as described in
this paper, all require tough-minded intellectual discipline.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn26">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[26]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> A
description of Ralph Borsodi's life and work can be found in post at <a href="http://www.newschoolofliving.blogspot.com/">www.newschoolofliving.blogspot.com</a>.
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[27]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
New School of Living initiative: <a href="http://newschoolofliving.blogspot.com/2012_06_01_archive.html">http://newschoolofliving.blogspot.com/2012_06_01_archive.html</a>.
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[28]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Perhaps a better job title would be “steward.”<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn29">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[29]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Recommend
looking at Sustainable Lehigh Valley directory <a href="http://www.sustainlv.org/directory/directory-listings/">http://www.sustainlv.org/directory/directory-listings/</a>
and the PVCA (Centre County) Slow Money business directory <a href="http://www.pennsvalley.com/pdf/Find_It_Here_Web_2012_FINAL.pdf">http://www.pennsvalley.com/pdf/Find_It_Here_Web_2012_FINAL.pdf</a>. Paul Hawken’s <a href="http://www.wiser.org/">www.wiser.org</a>
is the master directory of the sustainability movement.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[30]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
State College is part of the Centre Region, composed of six municipalities <a href="http://centrecountypa.gov/index.aspx?nid=300">http://centrecountypa.gov/index.aspx?nid=300</a>,
but the for practical purposes our sustainability region extends north to Bellefonte
and east to Millheim. <o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn31">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[31]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Compiled by the New Leaf Initiative and maintained jointly by TTSC.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[32]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
This is better than five times the list we get from wiser.org.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn33">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[33]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> PSU Sustainability Institute: <a href="http://sustainability.psu.edu/">http://sustainability.psu.edu</a> <o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[34]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
The portal architecture was recommended by Transition Town State College.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[35]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
The portal site has been taken down as of this writing and maintenance of the
list assumed by Transition Town State College<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn36">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[36]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
For our purposes the size of this community must be comprehensible, so it is
best to start with something small.<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[37]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Biosphere II: <a href="http://www.b2science.org/">http://www.b2science.org</a>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[38]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Newschoolofliving.blogspot.com. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[39]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
The USDA estimates that something on the order of one-half of one percent of
American food is direct farm to tables.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[40]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> "Local Food Revolution" <a href="http://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2012/09/local-food-revolution_28.html">http://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2012/09/local-food-revolution_28.html</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[41]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
The Pennsylvania Association for Sustainable Agriculture, headquartered in
Centre County, is a resource for developing the local food economy: <a href="http://www.pasafarming.org/">http://www.pasafarming.org</a>. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--EndFragment-->Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-86284936143380252292012-12-10T11:53:00.001-08:002013-02-08T09:08:23.568-08:00America's Energy Future<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<i>New
York Times</i> headline November 12<sup>th</sup>, 2012:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="Bill" style="text-align: center; text-indent: .3in;">
<b><span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">U.S.
to Be World’s Top Oil Producer in 5 Years, Report Says<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">The article led with the
news that: “The United States will overtake <span style="color: #000045;">Saudi
Arabia </span>as the world’s leading <span style="color: #000045;">oil </span>producer
by about 2017 and will become a net oil exporter by 2030, the International
Energy Agency said Monday.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"> Such was the summary of the just released International
Energy Agency (IEA)<b> World Energy Outlook 2012</b> report, which among other
things anticipated the political and economic dream of US energy independence. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"> The report is a massive and expensive document
that is not likely to make the best-seller list. Its import, however, is stunning: in more ways than one. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"> For business owners, politicians and the
average consumer, this is fabulous news.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">
For the environmentally sensitive there may be a sinking feeling. All should read the fine print.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: 0in;">
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<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">What
makes US energy independence possible and what does it mean to consumers? Bottom line is that US fossil fuel resource development
is driven by the rising cost of oil and gas.
There is a lot of oil and gas still left in the ground that has not previously
been economically feasible to exploit.
The cost of a barrel of oil has more than quadrupled in the last decade (and
peaked at half again that level) and this makes it now profitable to exploit “nonconventional” energy products such as shale
oil and gas, heavy oils, and Canadian tar sands.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Who says
so? The International Energy Agency
(IEA) is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1974 in response to the ‘70s
energy crisis. The IEA was formed by the
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which was formed
in 1948, and reorganized in 1961 to include 34 of the world’s most developed countries,
for the purpose of stimulating economic progress and world trade. The IEA supports that mission by providing
economic research related to world energy and offering policy advice to its
members.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">In this
article I will review the proposal for US oil independence and the related
issues of climate change, environmental challenges and renewable energy mandates
implied by the IEA. The article will
conclude with a proposal for addressing our energy future at the local level.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1>
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">American Oil<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Up until
the 1970s, the US was the world’s leading oil producer. Then, as oil industry geoscientist M. King
Hubbert predicted, we hit the peak and went into decline. We then made big oil finds in Alaska and
built a giant pipeline (finished in 1977) to bring it home. Alaskan oil peaked in
1988 and went into decline, barely more than a decade after being fully
developed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">US oil
production peaked at 9.6 million barrels of oil per day by 1970 and declined to
4.95 million in 2008. Contrary to
conservative political opinion, US oil production rose steadily during President
Obama’s first term to 5.7 million barrels a day, the first sustained period of
growing domestic oil production since the Alaskan oil decline. The US Department of Energy projects that
daily output could reach seven million barrels per day by 2020. This is still well short of Saudi Arabia’s
nearly 11 million barrels per day, and that is the first flag on the play of
the IEA report. There are still a lot of
questions that need to be fully examined before we pop the cork.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Let’s
start with US oil production and consumption.
The US consumed nearly 19 million barrels of petroleum per day in 2011 (nearly
7 billion barrels per year out of 30 plus billion consumed world-wide). This was down slightly from 2010 consumption
due largely to a sluggish economy and rising gasoline and heating oil prices.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">If we are
producing only 6 million barrels of oil per day domestically, that leaves 13
million barrels of imported oil to fill the gap. Those imports include somewhat more than 4
million barrels from OPEC countries (about half of which comes out of the
Persian Gulf), one million barrels per day from Venezuela, more than a million
barrels per day comes from Mexico, and more than three million from Canada. The remainder comes from a long list of other
countries.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<![endif]><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Thirteen million barrels-equivalent of imported oil a day is a big
stretch. Let’s add another footnote from
the IEA report: Half of our energy
independence will come not from production but from conservation, efficiency
and renewable energy. That condition
requires a massive investment in both political policy (e.g. automobile mileage
standards) and renewable energy development.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS8s3eQJ1CEL6Ythz2Oa_nbBTzJdKbMh9DmhedNxHXT1JOF5-bvip95WzOPj7A9YyH-6DwiYJj44BUBera9DO68glcvOz5qc6-rkMR1WJTTvQwu9-sy5b9c9KVkMs9AeT2qZbIHqvwCc8/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-02-08+at+11.54.33+AM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS8s3eQJ1CEL6Ythz2Oa_nbBTzJdKbMh9DmhedNxHXT1JOF5-bvip95WzOPj7A9YyH-6DwiYJj44BUBera9DO68glcvOz5qc6-rkMR1WJTTvQwu9-sy5b9c9KVkMs9AeT2qZbIHqvwCc8/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-02-08+at+11.54.33+AM.png" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">
<b>Sources of New American
Energy</b><o:p></o:p></span>
<br />
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7RUBR4267A35Ae_1RRT710Xpu1TaBrOfDXL50SdFt6_d5rcMF31_hVWA3hxFf50nttH4N5MgNIVkdK8z_O7zXa873b7nVqpw2RPM3zaFrMor62z1ijEtY_YBJrV2-eL-52fylef1SP1k/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-02-08+at+11.58.50+AM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7RUBR4267A35Ae_1RRT710Xpu1TaBrOfDXL50SdFt6_d5rcMF31_hVWA3hxFf50nttH4N5MgNIVkdK8z_O7zXa873b7nVqpw2RPM3zaFrMor62z1ijEtY_YBJrV2-eL-52fylef1SP1k/s200/Screen+Shot+2013-02-08+at+11.58.50+AM.png" width="155" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">A major
source of new energy for the US is shale oil and gas. Shale is a hard, impermeable stone in which
oil and gas are tightly bound. It is
released by a process called hydrofracking (or fracking, for short). Petroleum-bearing shale is often thousands of
feet underground and it takes a lot of drilling to get to it. Oil and gas shale layers are only a few
hundred feet thick so a technology was developed to turn the drill horizontal
to surface for a distance of a mile or more.
Once the well is drilled, the hard shale is broken up by injecting
high-pressure water, to which a number of chemicals are mixed, and sand to keep
the resulting cracks open. This
technology has been around for a while but the cost was prohibitive until the
2008 oil cost spike dramatically changed the market. </span><br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="webkit-fake-url://ABE9365E-F46A-4FC0-9E51-F20487A22F42/application.pdf" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="file:///Users/williamsharp/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_image004.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.3in;">Oil can also be recovered from shale gas plays that
contain “wet” gas--wells that produce significant amounts of petroleum and
liquefiable natural gases such as propane and butane that come up with the gas. </span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">The largest
shale oil play is the Bakken deposit in North Dakota, Montana and Canada. Estimates of recoverable reserves run from
four to as much as 18 billion barrels.
The amount that can be recovered depends on the price of oil on the
market and steady advances in recovery technology (which is expensive).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">At the
middle range of eleven billion barrels of recoverable oil in this formation,
how long would it last? Given that we
consume seven billion barrels of oil per year, seven into 11 translates into mere
months of additional oil future. In
reality it will take ten to twenty years to develop this field and production
will, according to some estimates, peak at between a half-million and a million
barrels per day – possibly five percent of our annual demand. How long that peak can be maintained is
guesswork.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
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<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVWtDW5wgGQCf7tEVM6HyvB4Bqn6ErRLSIAQT2rFg_sbvNvUQS1aCTygdGE6GmkjpJfyFmZwS8ei1dQj06rhbRJCjNx5ew3hFVSJ83ZhdID6fJsHcLwfLYtRkefcVquHkTkgxAYJVP1qY/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-02-08+at+12.00.36+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVWtDW5wgGQCf7tEVM6HyvB4Bqn6ErRLSIAQT2rFg_sbvNvUQS1aCTygdGE6GmkjpJfyFmZwS8ei1dQj06rhbRJCjNx5ew3hFVSJ83ZhdID6fJsHcLwfLYtRkefcVquHkTkgxAYJVP1qY/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-02-08+at+12.00.36+PM.png" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">The Bakken is one of several tight-oil fields in the
US. Care should be taken to distinguish
tight-oil in shale from “oil shale” which is a waxy substance that is far from
feasibly recoverable at this time.
Tight-oil is actually high-quality light oil and can be readily
processed by existing refineries. The US
Energy Information Administration estimates that the eight major tight-oil
formations could produce 1.3 million barrels per day by 2035, or ten percent of
our oil requirement assuming no increase in demand.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Reserves
will also be developed by enhanced technologies in existing fields and offshore
development along the US and Alaskan coast.
We must remember, however, as in the case of all oil developments, at
current levels of technical and economic feasibility, we will reach a peak
level of production. Each new level of
recovery technology represents both higher cost at the pump and a reduced
return on energy investment. It takes
increasingly more energy to develop each barrel equivalent of fuel. </span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsmw4hJXQAocWs93DocHxBzACX3GySuUO4mDgcC29d2NMjkbwlAO52U1Nj22JMWuFWSrMHok3vgnL-w5-C-AB_syRM9uoHPpGWVUS2CdZg14mLIY-Q3-KZ1HC4xZx5ZxTIrEzDaLtCD_c/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-02-08+at+12.01.58+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsmw4hJXQAocWs93DocHxBzACX3GySuUO4mDgcC29d2NMjkbwlAO52U1Nj22JMWuFWSrMHok3vgnL-w5-C-AB_syRM9uoHPpGWVUS2CdZg14mLIY-Q3-KZ1HC4xZx5ZxTIrEzDaLtCD_c/s320/Screen+Shot+2013-02-08+at+12.01.58+PM.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<!--[endif]--><a href="webkit-fake-url://D66B56B2-7E8F-46C4-B2F6-45FBF11E49A2/application.pdf" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="webkit-fake-url://D66B56B2-7E8F-46C4-B2F6-45FBF11E49A2/application.pdf" /></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Oil and gas are nonrenewable resources and a point of
diminishing returns will be reached as shown on this IEA chart. We must keep in mind that even the experts disagree
about how much oil there is and what can be recovered so a lot of the estimates
are in fact guesswork. IEA prediction of
the petroleum future is based largely on estimates of “undeveloped” and “undiscovered”
reserves. These are potential fields in
which the amount of recoverable petroleum is far from certain. In short, we are playing a very risky game.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">World energy
markets:<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Not only
is the US ramping up fossil fuel production, so too is much of the rest of the
world. We have a large share of (but, by
no means, the only) nonconventional oil and gas reserves. Much of the expected increased production
will result from new technologies in old fields – reserves that were heretofore
technically and economically unfeasible to produce. The IEA, for example,
points out that Iraq, emerging from decades of political and economic
instability, is dramatically increasing oil production. Most of that will go to fill the growing demands
of Asia, particularly China and India.
World oil demand is expected to increase by twenty to thirty percent
over the next twenty years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">This rise
in demand has two implications: Energy
cost and global warming. To whatever
extent the US becomes energy independent, the price we pay for petroleum
products will not be independent of the world market. We will pay world market prices. Development of nonconventional fuels, and
alternative energy resources for that matter, depends on the global price of
oil. Only now, at the current rate of
just under $100 per barrel, can these resources be exploited. The IEA expects the cost of oil to rise over
the next decade to at least the equivalent (2012 dollars) of $125 per
barrel. That could mean increases in the
cost of gasoline, diesel fuel and heating oil to $6 or more per gallon. It should be noted, however, that previous
estimates of future energy cost have been woefully short of what they actually became. The cost of energy will also increase as the
economy recovers and demand rises.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1>
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Environmental Consequences<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-indent: .3in;">
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCLQhYuAUKMpEQAwFg5TQMIDEX6ZUZiSvQCwkYFaOBAnWNmJKprOZMAOLjuP9caCRkY1b47xtWyMq7i7nvDYyPaSjnYkwrUFR3AIkgGDuZ52XDF9Or_7hjBtcw6mChYg48DSHdmPXzeYs/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-02-08+at+12.03.56+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCLQhYuAUKMpEQAwFg5TQMIDEX6ZUZiSvQCwkYFaOBAnWNmJKprOZMAOLjuP9caCRkY1b47xtWyMq7i7nvDYyPaSjnYkwrUFR3AIkgGDuZ52XDF9Or_7hjBtcw6mChYg48DSHdmPXzeYs/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-02-08+at+12.03.56+PM.png" /></a><a href="webkit-fake-url://D9F09659-D19E-453E-8854-D3091FF759B1/application.pdf" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="webkit-fake-url://D9F09659-D19E-453E-8854-D3091FF759B1/application.pdf" /></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">The second issue is the effect of increased emission
of greenhouse gases. The IEA warns that
unless the level of greenhouse gas emission stays within current levels, the
door on stopping global warming at a 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degree Fahrenheit) temperature
increase will close within five years.
Greenhouse gas emissions, however, continue to rise despite economic
softness. They rose dramatically during
the last decade and hit a record in 2011.
The World Bank, less optimistic than the IEA, sees a minimum 3 degrees C.
and others </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">4
degrees C. (7.2 degrees F.) as a more likely scenario. The amount of climate
change we have seen with a less than one-degree C. change gives many a disquieting
feeling. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-indent: .3in;">
<a href="webkit-fake-url://81C43E9B-671E-40F3-B01F-E3BD6FCF252B/application.pdf" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="webkit-fake-url://81C43E9B-671E-40F3-B01F-E3BD6FCF252B/application.pdf" /></a></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Burning more fossil fuels will produce more carbon dioxide, but carbon
dioxide is only part of the greenhouse gas picture. Natural gas is touted as relatively green
because it produces half the CO<sub>2</sub> as oil, but natural gas is methane
and methane is an even more powerful greenhouse gas than CO<sub>2</sub>. Leakage of methane into the atmosphere from
wells, distribution and as a result of Artic warming, that will release methane
from permafrost and deep water, will become a significant factor in climate
change. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Water is
another serious problem. Fracking
requires millions of gallons of water per well and wells may be repeatedly
fracked as production falls off. Many
shale oil sites have limited surface water and must draw on already depleted
aquifers. Fracking also produces toxic
wastewater that must be treated and disposed of. Groundwater contamination by chemicals and
methane is already hotly debated.</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="webkit-fake-url://ABE9365E-F46A-4FC0-9E51-F20487A22F42/application.pdf" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="file:///Users/williamsharp/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_image004.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Pipelines
are another issue; they frequently break.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIkrWYNbQzmACr-6T4xeOE9Aj0a2P1VeGJwxC2KdZPMqJJV3XJ4cbJ5vMZ6-JqQbQkPSHk05-GFoOZ2vRptYMtPZ6XymTmeHsxELj5qIjbVcsMxphdG3rpM0jUl__MVjULPCAlqTILoDc/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-02-08+at+12.04.47+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIkrWYNbQzmACr-6T4xeOE9Aj0a2P1VeGJwxC2KdZPMqJJV3XJ4cbJ5vMZ6-JqQbQkPSHk05-GFoOZ2vRptYMtPZ6XymTmeHsxELj5qIjbVcsMxphdG3rpM0jUl__MVjULPCAlqTILoDc/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-02-08+at+12.04.47+PM.png" /></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Climate
denial is a well-funded industry in the US, and while it has an emotional
appeal to a very large part of the US electorate, it flies in the face of
fact. It is mostly ideology and even
dogmatic and, when it draws on facts, cites the exceptions rather than the rule. Thousands of climate scientist are in
essential agreement and a large majority of Americans currently believe in climate
change, especially in the wake of Sandy and other extreme storms and weather-related
events. The US Department of Defense
believes in climate change and acknowledges the need to plan to meet consequential
threats. The World Bank believes in
it. Lloyds of London, a world-class
insurance house, has basically said that corporations that do not adapt to
climate change are very risky investments.
The insurance industry is reeling under the impact of storm damage. It is increasingly becoming inarguable that humans
are the cause of global warming. The
fact is that the world is getting warmer and it is happening faster than
expected.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">The IEA
took pains to address climate change.
Unless significant international policy initiatives are put into place by
2017, they have warned, a 450 ppm level of CO<sub>2</sub> will be "locked
in." CO<sub>2</sub> levels reached
391 ppm in October 2012 and are increasing at a rate of at least 2 ppm per
year. At 450 ppm, which we will hit by
or before 2040, world temperature will increase to 2 degrees Celsius with a
level of consequence climate behavior scientists see as significant, especially
for poorer economies around the world. The
IEA seems pessimistic that this curb can be put in place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Between
November26th and Dec 8<sup>th</sup>, 2012, the annual UN Climate Change Conference,
held in Qatar, ended predictably in deadlock.
The standing objective of cutting OECD greenhouse gas emissions by 5%
from 1990 levels was reiterated over a background chant of the mantra of
Growth. The poor nations are demanding
100 billion USD equivalent, per year to mitigate climate impact, a plea that
was punctuated by a tropical superstorm bearing down on the Philippines.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1>
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Mitigation<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">The IEA advises
the same solutions environmentalists do for mitigating the effects of
greenhouse gas emissions: Conservation
and renewable energy. In order to
achieve its goal of energy independence the US must become more efficient and
develop alternative energy resources.
The US currently uses nearly twice the energy per capita as many
developed nations such as Germany, the UK and Japan. We use a quarter of the world’s oil. The US, however, does not have a comprehensive
national plan for developing renewable energy resources. Indeed, renewable energy incentives are being
reduced. Our national priority is oil,
gas and biofuels (a mere trickle of total fuel demand). The objective of doubling automobile gas mileage
will help. Wind and solar farms will continue
to be built, but at the current level we will add perhaps one or two percent
per year to our energy resources from renewable production. As mentioned above, half of US oil dependence
must come not from production but from conservation. We must create a national energy mandate on
the level of a Manhattan Project if we are to achieve energy independence.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">The irony
of the resistance to conservation and renewable energy is that they are good
business. From Paul Hawken and Amory
Lovins, starting 20 years ago, to Van Jones and others today, the list of
renewable energy visions is remarkable.
We have workable business models for creating a new energy industry. Granted, it takes public incentives and
investments, but so does the fossil fuel industry. And, yes, it could involve carbon taxes, but
those revenues could be invested into the enterprises that produce a lot of
jobs. Ditto fees assessed to offset
environmental consequences of fossil fuels.
But the job of creating a new energy economy will depend on businesses
and that means both a more resilient economy and jobs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">American
prosperity has been built on not one but two energy economies: Steam then oil. Renewable energy could rebuild it once
again. Amory Lovin’s 2011 <i>Reinventing Fire</i> (</span><a href="http://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2011/12/reinventing-fire-review-most-pressing.html"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">see review</span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">) outlines
a business-driven model for achieving energy dependence by 2050 that is not
only sustainable but would greatly strengthen our economy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1>
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Summary<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">The IEA
fossil fuel future is technically and economically feasible and politically
desirable. It is certainly good news to
corporations that reap huge profits from fossil fuels. It is good news to the consumer who really
hopes that progress will go on forever, that the lights will stay on, the house
stays warm, and two cars are always gassed up and ready in the garage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">At least
half of the oil and gas reserves are still in the ground but the easy takings
are mostly gone. As the cost of energy increases
non-conventional energy reserves become marketable. Pump prices will go up. But there is also a growing hidden cost, one that
will be assessed against the environment and will have to be paid by our
children.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">There are
two arguments for developing renewable energy.
The first, of course, is that eventually we will run out of a
nonrenewable resource; in a matter of decades at most. Economic optimists say that the market will
take care of that but that market is “free” by definition only. We need to consider that a new energy economy
will take decades to create. It will
require considerable human and capital resources. There is no time to waste.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">The
second argument is the social, political and economic impact of climate change. Not changing the current world energy policy
will result in at least two and more likely four or more degrees rise in global
temperature. That is enough to more than
change the dynamics of the global weather system for hundreds of years to
come. One to two meter sea level rises
are certain. So are shifting patterns of
droughts and floods, incidents of violent storms and steady migration northward
of growing seasons and habitats (agriculture is heavily impacted by climate
change). Conflicts will occur requiring
military intervention.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">We have a
choice to make. Do we, like Dr. Faustus,
sell our soul for a few decades of power?
Do we wait until the crisis is extreme enough to mobilize emergency measures? Do we accept the tragic cost and injustice to
the less advantaged peoples of the world?
Or do we choose to create a sustainable future for the generations to
come?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">By 2030
there could be nine billion people struggling to live on this planet. A third of us now live in the rapidly growing
economies of China and India, and many other countries are on the same path of
progress. A number of powerful
international agencies have the objective of insuring that all the people of
the Earth are lifted out of poverty to become players in the world
economy. This progress will require every
measure of oil, gas, coal and every other resource that can be exploited. We really need to think deeply into the
implications of population growth and development on the future of the planet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="webkit-fake-url://ABE9365E-F46A-4FC0-9E51-F20487A22F42/application.pdf" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="file:///Users/williamsharp/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_image004.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">We have
the capacity to change. We have at least
as much collective genius as we had to create the first two energy
economies. We have more knowledge, more education,
vastly improved communications and information technology and a wealth of human
experience. To suggest that we should
not choose to change is, well, absurd.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1>
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">A Proposal<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn0Cw6oR-V9F-JHm6_acqCR2zocv-qYwwAOcRAboP9Bzs4KCK6rEqq9-utnvzbchPgxs1uM3aZT5A_Vl25i36nc2H3NNNd29Xt-X9dTLU9nouT5f8udixeKA8yXjQi4IP1Zo-2UD6mJMI/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-02-08+at+12.07.22+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn0Cw6oR-V9F-JHm6_acqCR2zocv-qYwwAOcRAboP9Bzs4KCK6rEqq9-utnvzbchPgxs1uM3aZT5A_Vl25i36nc2H3NNNd29Xt-X9dTLU9nouT5f8udixeKA8yXjQi4IP1Zo-2UD6mJMI/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-02-08+at+12.07.22+PM.png" /></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">We’ve all
heard of Margaret Mead’s famous statement that not only can a small group of
people change the world, that, indeed, only a small group can. There is ample evidence in every area of life
that this rule is true. By implication,
the place to produce change is in one’s local community. One good reason is that a community is about
as big a “problem” as the human mind can embrace. While never easy, it is certainly clear that
we have better prospects to organize for change where there are people we know,
who share a sense of place and a common identity.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.3in;">Transition
Centre advocates the Transition Towns model as a promising grassroots community
development program focused on creating and implementing a local plan for a
sustainable future. Founded in 2006,
there are already nearly 450 Transition Town initiatives around the world. Thousands of people in many communities have
shared their experience to help this movement grow. The results can be found in <i>The Transition Companion</i>, a second-generation
guidebook for forming local, grassroots initiatives (</span><a href="http://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2011/11/transition-companion-review.html" style="text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">click for review</span></a><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.3in;">). The objective of the TT model
is to create an Energy Descent Action Plan (</span><a href="http://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2012_02_01_archive.html" style="text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">click for review</span></a><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.3in;">) for the community, a plan to achieve actual and realistic local
energy independence over the course of 20 years. Here is where you start (</span><a href="http://www.transitionus.org/" style="text-indent: 0.3in;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">click here</span></a><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.3in;">). </span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<a href="webkit-fake-url://29C3AC05-95A4-42DA-9010-9B58A1D31CDE/application.pdf" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="webkit-fake-url://29C3AC05-95A4-42DA-9010-9B58A1D31CDE/application.pdf" style="cursor: move;" /></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">A
grassroots community initiative does not require the consent of state
legislatures, the Federal government, or the support of multinational
agencies. It doesn’t even initially
require the approval of a local council.
It does not take a lot of money to start. It just takes a few people who have a common
commitment. It is a private initiative
to serve the needs of the community. </span><span style="font-size: 11pt; text-indent: 0.3in;">There is
much that can be done at the local level.
Local communities are capable of transforming themselves by creating
strong, sustainable, local economies.
Local foods are a still largely untapped market. Local manufacturing and business need to be
reestablished. There is a substantial
literature and web presence to draw on for projects and programs.</span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Every
community has interest groups, local governance, educational institutions, associations,
religious organizations, and others that are committed to its future wellbeing. These are the assets we have to use if we can
organize them to pursue a common objective.
It is hard work, it takes time, it will have its share of upsets and
personality conflicts. But our history
is one of community achievement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Our
challenge is clear. Our economy is based
on energy. How we live and what we
consume defines our use of energy. The
cost and availability of energy defines the scope of our lifestyle. Our economy is challenged. Our energy future is uncertain. Environment and climate are high on the list
of public concerns. By employing the
principles of our democratic society, especially in terms of how we work to
meet our collective needs, we have an unsurpassed model of defining what our
future and the future of our children and grandchildren might be. There are challenges, but challenges are
opportunities. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">We revere
our pioneer and immigrant ancestors for the challenges they overcame, the
sacrifices they made and the struggles they endured to create a better life for
us all. There is that same element of
adventure in the challenges that lie before us, and there is a profound sense
of satisfaction in knowing that we are doing something important and doing it
together as a community. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Bill Sharp</span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Transition Centre www.transitioncentre.org</span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Bill" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />
<!--EndFragment-->Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-89504992204742840912012-09-28T06:57:00.000-07:002012-09-30T09:27:11.376-07:00Local Food Revolution<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
<h1>
Local Food Revolution<o:p></o:p></h1>
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There is a revolution in local food production in the
US. Quiet, underreported, yet
accelerating; untold numbers of home gardens, thousands of community gardens,
small-scale market farms and community supported agriculture, farmers’ markets,
and food banks and shelters supplied with fresh, wholesome vegetables, are
beginning to flourish in every corner of the country. If you don’t feel the excitement in your
community, you need to pay attention and get moving! <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This article will give you a feel for this movement and
introduce you to places, projects and people that have created a new revolution
in local foods. I will draw it to a
close with the compelling arguments that urban farming is the natural heart of
the Transition Towns movement.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The foundation of a sustainable economy is local food. It is the low-hanging fruit (pardon the pun)
of restoring local economies. It takes
the least monetary investment and uses readily available capital
resources: land, labor, and human
capital. It can be pursued on home lots,
vacant lots, parks, schools, churches -- any tillable patch of unused property. But, it is made possible only by people who
are willing to do the necessary work. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Local food has real economic value: American economist Henry George said over a
century ago, in a day when most of us raised our own food, that land plus labor
equals wealth. That is still one of the most
simple and sound economic laws we have.
It is common sense. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Food is a major part of our budget. What we grow at home we do not have to pay for
at the grocery story. Grow more food
than you need and you can sell or barter it.
Add an entrepreneurial spirit and you can create capital, including cash
that can be invested in growing the local food base, the local economy, and the
local community. Vacant and fallow land are
put into production, jobs are created, wealth is produced, and more money is circulated
locally where it has a multiplying effect on the local economy. A rising spiral of economic change is thus started.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Production of food is only part of this economic cycle. Very quickly a demand will grow for goods and
services needed to produce, store, and move the food. As the volume and variety of food increases, an
expanded network for processing, storage and distribution is needed: More jobs, more local capital.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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As wealth accumulates it can and should be reinvested
locally, not to distant shores. This
includes not only cash but also time and labor.
Bartering is a part of this local economy, and even a local currency
begins to make sense. Local exchange
markets for goods and services, ditto.
Once the ways and means are found to create a viable local food system,
the trend expands into others areas of the community. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The most important form of capital is social capital. Social capital is found in the solid
foundation of a self-determining community.
People who identify with and work for the welfare of their community
help shape its growth and maintenance. As
folks seek more ways to improve their community, social capital will grow and
with it a new quality of life emerges.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There is nothing magical about this process. It is the way a community ecosystem
works. It is a natural, human-scaled way
of life. It is something we have lost to
the global-industrial economy. But we
can bring it back.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is not just a dream.
It’s not a utopian fantasy. It is
happening all over the country. Let’s take a look.</div>
<h1>
Growing Power – Milwaukee, WI<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One of the premier local food projects is Growing Power based
in Milwaukee. Because of its success and
steadily growing national reputation, we could call it the “poster child” of local
food projects. However, the term “child”
is certainly a misnomer for founder Will Allen; he is a big, muscular dude, 6’7”,
former pro-basketball player. He is widely
considered the personal exemplar of urban agricultural renewal. (<a href="http://www.growingpower.org/index.htm">http://www.growingpower.org/index.htm</a>)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Allen, who grew up on a farm, bought a few acres of one of
the last remaining working farms in Milwaukee in 1993 to sell produce he was
growing. He had been working as a successful corporate
executive but had reconnected with the soil during a visit to a farm in
Belgium. Growing Power was formed as a
nonprofit organization in 1995 and was developed around three services:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="webkit-fake-url://57B05A37-7D02-416B-BE18-8AD8D39F5C7D/application.pdf" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">The Market Basket, a CSA (Community Supported
Agriculture) program</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Will’s Roadside Stand, an in-house farmer’s
market, and</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">The Rainbow Farmers Cooperative
(RFC)</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUyyg7VsqcmrLqXwYAR31XI5MkDbXBQEBf5KzA6ezI8mP4pjClowP8OyQo4IBOSsX1wg_rW3hRxVSbXF6GyfdgsjdFho2ybc7qqZJp4YVEAjOvznP3yfFvYocuPn1IWUthBsQsAXceP-o/s1600/Growing+Power.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUyyg7VsqcmrLqXwYAR31XI5MkDbXBQEBf5KzA6ezI8mP4pjClowP8OyQo4IBOSsX1wg_rW3hRxVSbXF6GyfdgsjdFho2ybc7qqZJp4YVEAjOvznP3yfFvYocuPn1IWUthBsQsAXceP-o/s200/Growing+Power.png" width="200" /></a>The
main facility consists of a number of large greenhouses (see image to the
right), a composting facility, vermiculture (worms), bees, aquaponics (fish),
small animals, training gardens, kitchen and food distribution center. Allen said that 150 varieties of food are
grown at Growing Power. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
An
important part of the program is soil development using worms (vermiculture)
and millions of pounds of food waste from the city: Milwaukee Black Gold. Growing Power soil can produce five times the
value of crops per square foot as plain dirt.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Growing
Power statistics are hard to nail down because they change so fast. But one is a 40-acre farm less than an hour
from Milwaukee on which they have five acres devoted to intense vegetable
production. Allen also owns a 100-acre
family farm. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Growing
Power grows food beyond Milwaukee. There
are now over 200 acres of land in production on 20 different farms around
Milwaukee, Madison and Chicago. The
Rainbow Farming Cooperative consists of a network of about 300 family farms in
Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin and other states.
Growing Power distributes some 100,000 pounds of food per week. Every week 300 or more Market Baskets of food
are distributed around Milwaukee. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Growing power has a
staff of 150, and hiring more, and a small army of volunteers who produce roughly
half a million dollars’ worth of vegetables, meat and fish per year. Each year 10,000 or more people visit and
tour Growing Power. A thousand and more have
taken training courses to learn basic urban agricultural skills to help them
start their own efforts in their hometowns.
Growing
Power and Maple Tree School and Community Garden also have five acres of land
in Milwaukee to teach organic gardening and local food business acumen.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Allen is deeply
concerned with quality food and optimum health, especially for the poor and
working people. He is concerned with the
fact that there is no grocery store within 3-½ miles of the Growing Power
headquarters – a food desert – and that people are forced to buy low-quality,
high-priced, foods at convenience markets.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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Growing Power established
a community garden in downtown Chicago, managed by his daughter, a city that
“has 77,000 vacant lots,” which provides food for shelters and soup kitchens in
the city. It is also helping set up projects
in other impoverished areas across the United States, including training
centers in Forest City, AR; Lancaster, MA; and Shelby and Mound Bayou, MS. There are 17 affiliated regional training
centers around the country, partnerships with over 100 organizations and some
70 projects in the works. Allen believes
that the new generation of farmers will not come from the country but from the
city.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Will Allen, at 60+, is a man of great energy, who works “17
hours per day,” he says. After a time in
professional sports, before starting Growing Power, he was a star sales
executive and he has practiced executive talent. But farming is in his blood. Both his and his wife’s parents were
farmers. His experience on the farm in
Belgium gave him a strong interest in intense agriculture. He started small-scale farming on his own and
quickly developed Growing Power as a nonprofit to serve his community.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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Allen has been well recognized for his work. He is the recipient of a number of awards
including the MacArthur Foundation “Genius
Grant,” and honors from the Ford Foundation and the Kellogg Foundation. Each of these awards came with a significant
cash grant that Allen used to develop Growing Power Programs. Growing Power also received a one million
dollar grant from the Walton Foundation.
In 2012 he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Agriculture by the
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. He is
the co-author of <i>The Good Food
Revolution: Growing Healthy Food, People
and Communities</i>, a book that tells his story in depth.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Here is a Tavis Smiley interview with Will Allen: <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wnet/tavissmiley/interviews/urban-farmer-will-allen/">http://www.pbs.org/wnet/tavissmiley/interviews/urban-farmer-will-allen/</a> </div>
<h1>
Urban Agriculture<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Milwaukee is only one facet of a vast urban agricultural
movement. The movement has its roots in
World War II Victory Gardens. Local food
played a major part in the founding of the environmental/sustainability
movement. For example, in Seattle,
during the 1970s a citizen movement was formed to save the fabulous Pike Street
Market and to preserve the numerous small farms in the rapidly expanding
suburbs that supplied it. A thriving
community garden movement was launched in Seattle, and the city is now a national
hub for sustainability. Then the threat
was urban growth; now the challenge is urban decay.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Urban agriculture occurs on three levels: the enterprise level of small farms and
markets within or immediately surrounding the city, community gardens, and home
gardens. There are also numerous social
organizations that develop, support and maintain urban foods. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Urban agriculture is defined as growing food for a city
within the city. A city is by definition
a large, permanently settled place. From
here the question gets to be something like the number of angles on a pin. The US Census defines “urban areas” as places
of 50,000 or more people. Outside of urban
areas are clusters called “census designated places,” the lower population limit
of which is 2,500 people. Another criteria
is 1,000 or more people per square miles.
In 2000 there were 601 places with 50,000 or more people in the US, 238
with 100,000 or more, 29 with a half-million or more. The group that includes “Forgotten Cities” is
in a band of 50,000 to 250,000; there are 534 of these, at least half of which
are economically distressed. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Most cities, we know, consist of multiple
municipalities. These are aggregated
into Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA). There are 51 SMSAs with a population of
1,000,000 or more in the US, 186 with 250,000 or more. Outside of these aggregates is land we call
“rural,” albeit dotted with bedroom-community developments.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let us define “urban” agriculture as something that occurs
within or immediately adjacent to a place with at least tens of thousands of
people. Further that it produces food
locally for local consumption, by and for individuals, families and urban
homesteaders, and by small farms in or immediately adjacent to the population
center. These foods may be produced for
sale and barter and for food banks and other social agencies. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Prior to globalization cities had personalities. They were places where people felt they belonged
and identified with. Over about the last
third of a century cities, and particularly suburbs, have been increasingly
homogenized. Most cities and towns have
lost much of their local character, and they have lost the sense of place. Many have gone downhill; they have lost
population, the people remaining are aging, businesses abandoned and revenues
declining. Residential and commercial
property has gone vacant. If there is a
poster child for urban decay, Detroit has a claim on that title.</div>
<h1>
Detroit<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Detroit is the thirteenth largest SMSA in the US with a
population of 4,300,000 and the 18th largest city with a population of just
over 700,000. Detroit stands out in the history of
US industrial might as the headquarters of the American automobile
industry. It was founded as a French
trading post around 1700. With the dawn
of the industrial age the city grew at an incredible rate. Just after World War II the population had reached
nearly two million. Following the war we
heard: “What is good for General Motors is good for the country,” but globalization
devastated the Detroit economy. It lost
nearly two-thirds of its population and is still declining. Many poorer areas of the city are food
deserts; they have no grocery stores. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Detroit has a lot of vacant land, estimated between 20 and
40 square miles, some 200,000 parcels.
There are at least 10,000 acres that could be converted to urban food. That transformation has already started.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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Agrarian reengagement in Detroit is not just a home and
garden club level of activity. It has
taken on the force of a community-scaled project with some degree of support
from the city, local universities – support which, as we will see, can be a
mixed blessing - nonprofits and thousands of residents. Here are some of these efforts:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Greening of Detroit</b> is a nonprofit organization founded in
1989. Its original mission was planting
trees. Today: “<span class="QuoteChar">Every year, the
garden resource program contributes farming resources and educational
opportunities to over 15,000 urban gardeners, supporting over a thousand
gardens in Detroit, Hamtramck and Highland Park.</span><span style="color: #343434; font-family: "PT Sans"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "PT Sans";">” </span>It supports hands-on training and education, green workforce
development, and supplies technical assistance.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Greening of Detroit
did not start all of the community gardens.
Those gardens evolved through a number of local efforts over the last
ten or more years as residents sought to not only raise some of their food but also
rebuild their neighborhoods. And not all
of these local gardening efforts are tiny projects. For example, <b>Detroit Black Food Security Network</b> (DBCFSN) supports a seven-acre farm. In 2006 they started with ¼ acre and used the
“lasagna garden” method to build the soil.
The following year they secured another ½ acre. Losing that site, they moved to a two-acre
plot in 2008 and continued to expand thereafter. They prepared beds, planted, organized
watering, did pest management, set work schedules, found crew leaders, and installed
hoop houses. They formed a co-op, partnered
with Growing Power, and formed the Food Warriors Youth Development
Program that started in three local schools to inspire and train young people
to become involved in developing local food security.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
DBCFSN’s objective is to “form a coalition of organizations
and individuals working together to build food security in Detroit’s Black
community by: 1) influencing public policy; 2) promoting urban agriculture; 3)
encouraging co-operative buying; 4) promoting healthy eating habits; 5)
facilitating mutual support and collective action among members; and 6)
encouraging young people to pursue careers in agriculture, aquaculture, animal
husbandry, bee-keeping and other food related fields. (<a href="http://detroitblackfoodsecurity.org/index.html">http://detroitblackfoodsecurity.org/index.html</a><span class="MsoHyperlink">).</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
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<b>Michigan State
University</b> saw the Detroit urban agriculture movement as a great game to
get into. Just this year they wrote a
plan to invest $500,000 over three years into a program called Metro Food Plus
Innovation Cluster. MSU<span style="color: #212121; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"> wants to make Detroit a
world leader in urban agriculture, or, in their own words, to pursue two </span>goals:
To spark innovation in food, energy and water systems development to help feed
and sustain the world's urban residents, and to use some of Detroit's vast
inventory of vacant and abandoned land and buildings for new economic development. They plan to start with <span style="color: #212121; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">eight to ten acres and propose
to expand to a 100-acre campus and a $100 million investment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And, yes, private enterprise is getting into the game, too. One local investment project secured 175
acres of city-owned land for a private tree farm enterprise. It is a for-profit business. They have their eye on 10,000 Detroit acres, pretty
much all that is currently available.
Detroit government sees it as good for the economy, but some local
community interests find the project problematic. This is, perhaps, a lesson that success comes
with a price.<br />
<br />
There is a fine line
between cooperative community enterprise and business. Ideally there should be a balance. Local food is about local economy and
community. Community is about people
first and profit second. Big business is
about profit and has its hidden cost and a large part of the cost can be
charged not only to tax breaks, cheap land and other incentives, but also, as
we have seen, can impede grassroots efforts to build community,
local self-sufficiency and pride. Detroit will be an interesting laboratory for testing how well these various interests can cooperate.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Earthworks Urban Farm</b> is a faith-based initiative started in 1997
as a <span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana;">Capuchin Soup
Kitchen's mission. The project set out
to address “[t]he systemic causes of poverty, broken relationships and a
wounded Earth.” In 2001 Earth works
started a project to provide fresh vegetables for low-income families. Earthworks has seven gardens covering 20 city
lots within a two block radius of its headquarters, about 1.5 acres total. It is certified organic. They have a greenhouse that produces 350,000
seedlings annually and their own bee farm.
They, too, provide training.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Urban Roots</b> is a
documentary that tells some of the story of urban agriculture in Detroit. Here are more of the untold stories and a
more graphic view of community effort in Detroit: <a href="http://www.urbanrootsamerica.com/urbanrootsamerica.com/Home.html">http://www.urbanrootsamerica.com/urbanrootsamerica.com/Home.html</a>. The logo itself makes its own powerful
statement. </div>
<h1>
Hardwick, Vermont<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Switching gears to a rural setting: Hardwick, in northern Vermont, is a tiny
place of 3,200 people that has fallen on hard times with unemployment nearly
half again the state average and income a quarter lower. It went back to its natural resources: good land
and good people willing to work to rebuild their community. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It all started with a small group of local “agripreneurs” who
drew on community support to build their businesses. Three of them took the lead. Vermont Soy expanded a business of making
tofu and soy milk from local soy beans by 100-fold. Jasper Hill Farm created an aging cave for
cheese, with milk from their own and other dairies. Pete’s Greens worked with 30 local farmers to
market their produce. Pete set up hoop houses to extend its growing
season to nine months.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Locals created a $300,000 investment loan fund that launched
their rural renaissance and a resurgence of the economy. One reporter called it “the Hardwick Miracle.” Local business owners share facilities and
advice. A hundred or more new jobs were
created. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Soon came a community-supported restaurant created by fifty
investors each putting up $1,000. There
are now bakeries, milk and cheese production, vineyard and distillery, a goat dairy<span style="color: #2c2c2c; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">, grass-fed beef and pork, </span>brewery, eco-friendly
furniture varnish, a major composting business, a seed grower and nursery,
organic vegetable gardens, orchards, local artisans, a co-op that has over
1,000 members. There is a year-round
farmers’ market. Hardwick is now a food
hub that serves eight nearby communities, a local trade area of 8,000 people. It is an official Transition Town.<span style="color: #2c2c2c; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Center for an Agricultural Economy (Web Site: <a href="http://www.hardwickagriculture.org/">http://www.hardwickagriculture.org</a>,
Blog: <a href="http://hardwickagriculture.blogspot.com/">http://hardwickagriculture.blogspot.com</a>)
was founded by Hardwick leaders to provide education and other support for the
local farm economy. Sterling College, a
tiny four-year college just north of Hardwick, offers degrees in sustainable
agriculture, food systems and related topics.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #2c2c2c; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Hardwick
may be a small place but its story is far too big to be told here. You can find more information at the links in
the paragraph above. Ben Hewitt </span><span style="color: #131313; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(</span><a href="http://benhewitt.net/">http://benhewitt.net</a><span style="color: #131313; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">) wrote about the growth of
this local food economy in <i>The Town That
Food Saved: How One Community Found
Vitality in Local Food.</i></span></div>
<h1>
Intervale<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #2c2c2c; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Vermont
has a great reputation for sustainability.
There is a remarkable level of work going on there. It retains that sense of Yankee independence
and inventiveness. The state has a
smaller population than the City of Detroit.
The largest town in Vermont, Burlington, sixty miles west of Hardwick,
has less than 42,000 residents. At
Burlington is another highly regarded local food movement project called “Intervale.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #2c2c2c; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">We
should take note that the growing season in Vermont, particularly in the north,
is not very long. That makes the story
of Hardwick and Burlington all the more compelling.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="webkit-fake-url://57B05A37-7D02-416B-BE18-8AD8D39F5C7D/application.pdf" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<span style="color: #2c2c2c; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Intervale
was </span>founded on a 700-acre flood plain and former dumping ground immediately
north of Burlington. <span style="color: #333333;">In 1986, Will Raap, founder of Gardeners Supply Co., got
permission from local government and began clearing land at Intervale. In 1988 a major composting facility was
founded. The year after, Vermont’s first
CSA was located there, and development of the local food program has
accelerated from then. Now </span>thirteen
independent farms operate at Intervale on land leased from the Intervale Center. The Intervale local food hub includes a total
of 28 farms. They produce more than
500,000 pounds of food each year<span style="color: #2c2c2c; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">. The folks of Burlington
have an immediate goal of producing ten percent of their food locally</span>. <span style="color: #2c2c2c; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333;">Intervale has established a set
of principles that apply to the local food movement at large. These include:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; text-indent: -0.25in;">Fresh, tasty food
produced locally (within 75 miles) from heirloom varieties</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; text-indent: -0.25in;">Support for local
farmers in terms of strong and stable local markets and profitability</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; text-indent: -0.25in;">Food dollars re-invested
into the local economy</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; text-indent: -0.25in;">Fair prices for
buyers</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; text-indent: -0.25in;">Land stewardship and
standards of quality</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; text-indent: -0.25in;">Buyers understanding
how their food is produced</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; text-indent: -0.25in;">Sound sustainable
and economic growing of predominately certified organic food</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; text-indent: -0.25in;">Convenient local
access to food</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; text-indent: -0.25in;">Food security: Fresh, local food accessible by all members
of the community</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="color: #333333; text-indent: -0.25in;">Community wellbeing</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #333333;"> </span><span style="color: #333333;">You can learn more about
Intervale and the Burlington local food movement at this link: </span><a href="http://www.intervale.org/about-us/history/">http://www.intervale.org/about-us/history/</a></div>
<h1>
Path to Freedom<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let’s flash travel to the Pacific, to Pasadena, CA, where we
find an example of intensive urban agriculture on one very small urban lot. Pasadena is a suburb of Los Angeles, the
second largest SMSA in the US and the third largest economic center on the
planet.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On one diminutive (66 by 132 feet) urban lot a family of
four has created a homestead that produces 6,000 to 7,000 pounds of food per
year on just half the lot (1/10<sup>th</sup> acre). This is Path to Freedom. They raise over 350 varieties of vegetables
and herbs. They engage in simple home
living, raise most of their own food, do craft work, keep bees and have a front
porch farm stand. They make compost, preserve
their food and bake their own bread.
They have a variety of small animals, produce thousands of eggs, and
raise fish. They produce their own power
and their own biofuel. They conduct
events and workshops. They have a blog (<a href="http://urbanhomestead.org/journal/">http://urbanhomestead.org/journal/</a>)
and newsletter.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Jules Dervaes
homesteaded in New Zealand and Florida before moving to Pasadena in 1985 where
he bought and refurbished an old bungalow and started his urban homesteading
enterprise. The family seeks not only to
provide for themselves, but to inspire others to live as they do, simply, in
harmony with both nature and themselves and in the here and now. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Their vision of the change we must have now is nothing short
of revolutionary, that the future will be a tremendous struggle because we have
not learned to live rightly, that our lives must move beyond the quick fix to a
sound, permanent, holistic form. There
is much of the spirit of a modern, yet very urban, Thoreau in this family and a
pronounced fragrance of Buddha.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There is a
wealth of additional information at the Path of Living web site: <a href="http://urbanhomestead.org/">http://urbanhomestead.org</a>.
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I might note that Los Angeles has its own urban farming
movement. There are 70 community gardens
in the city, and a list of some 60 CSAs, co-ops, farmers’ markets and related
organizations and activities can be found on the internet. </div>
<h1>
Transition Towns and Local Foods<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It makes good sense that a Transition Town project starts
with local foods. TT founder Rob Hopkins
is a permaculture teacher. In 1996 he
wrote a BSc dissertation for a
degree in Environmental Quality and Resource Management that looked at models
for sustainable development in the UK using permaculture.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
In an
article, “Powerdown and Permculture,” Hopkins tells his own story, beginning in
1992, when he completed the Permaculture Design Course. He was inspired by permaculture founder Bill Mollison’s
assertion that “the best thing we can do in the face of ecological crisis is to
buy some land with like minded friends, build a house, grow your food, harvest
your timber and so on. “ Since then, Hopkins relates, he has tried to dedicate his
life to implementing these principles. “This
vision of ‘fetching wood, carrying water’ and living by example was very powerful
for me.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
After finishing his degree, Hopkins moved to rural Ireland, to
Kinsale, where he found only two gardens.
There he taught permaculture and spent four years helping to develop an
ecovillage project. He built an
energy-efficient cob home using local materials. “I was making steps towards the rural
self-reliant version of permaculture living,” he reported. He had an important awakening of another
form: Peak Oil. Becoming aware of the growing scarcity of
petroleum and the profound impact that will have on society and the economy,
Hopkins mobilized his Kinsale students to develop an “Energy Descent Action
Plan” as a model to move communities towards dramatically less dependence on
fossil fuels and greater local sustainability.
That plan was adopted by the local council.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
You may be surprised to learn that many of the principles of
sustainable living were developed a full century or more ago in the US. Hopkins’ model is consistent with principles
that were once popular in America. For
example, the idea of land plus labor equals wealth came from nineteen century
American economist Henry George. The Georgist
movement, part of the American Populist movement, mobilized a twentieth century
back-to-the-land movement that included pioneers Ralph Borsodi, founder of The
School of Living and several homesteading communities, who in turn inspired notable
homesteaders such as Scott and Helen Nearing and others at mid-century. The ideals of the back-to-the-land movement helped
launch the communal movement of the sixties.
Transition Town is reawakening the back-to-the-land movement in the
twenty-first century. It takes the
movement to a new level.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To George’s law (land plus labor equals wealth) Hopkins
added the knowledge of permaculture and his own creative talent in community
building. From Kinsale he moved to
Totnes, in southern England, where he started the first Transition Town and a
movement that has now spread around the world.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The goal of the Transition Towns program is that each
community will develop its own Energy Descent Action Plan. These plans, as exemplified by <i>Transition in Action</i> (see review at <a href="http://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2012_02_01_archive.html">http://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2012_02_01_archive.html</a>),
characteristically start with a strong emphasis on the local food system and
the development thereof. Tamzin
Pinkerton and Rob Hopkins published <i>Local
Foods: How to Make it Happen in Your
Community</i>, in 2009. The book
provides an encyclopedic catalog of local food projects.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are 120-plus official Transition Towns in the US and
these can provide the foundation for and help develop local food systems. A New School of Living is also being founded,
based on the principles developed by Ralph Borsodi, which will provide the
knowledge, skills and psychological preparation to not only establish a strong
local homesteading movement but to provide the culture for a vibrant local
community. The Forgotten and Distressed
Community Project focuses on those communities that are prime candidates for
developing a new, local and sustainable economy.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Bill Sharp<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Central Pennsylvania<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
September 2012<o:p></o:p></div>
<div>
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<br />
<div id="ftn1">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1744496194970768734#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Permaculture is a body of knowledge and practices
drawn from organic farming, systems ecology, sustainable land use, and related
topics. The practice is based on twelve
design principles that start with careful observation and interaction with the
land you live on. It observes
topography, sun, wind, rainfall, seasonal patterns and a host of other things
Thoreau and other great naturalists would have been familiar with and which the
rest of us, jaded by urban-industrial life, can learn. Permaculture is not just a way of growing
food but also improves the quality of the soil – a positive way of building
assets, of wealth in terms of more than dollars. The three basic tenets are: Care for the land, care for people and
sharing the abundance we can create by right natural living.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> Permaculture is based on sound ecological
principles. A community is also an
ecology and is, in a real sense, not essentially different than the ecology of
a forest. Hopkins incorporated
Permaculture principles and practices into his Transition Towns model. This is one of the great powers I find in the
model. By consciously using these
principles and practices we grow not only food and preserve the land but bring
our community ecology to life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
<!--EndFragment-->Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-9690383226086446982012-06-21T06:09:00.000-07:002012-06-21T06:09:02.957-07:00A Renewable Energy Future<br />
<div class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">A Renewable Energy Future<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">William Henry Sharp<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
Transition
Town State College/Transition Centre</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;">
Pennsylvania
Interfaith Power and Light</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h1>
Marcellus Gas and Renewable Energy</h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Shale gas has been described as a “bridge technology.” Nobody really knows for sure how much gas
there is or how long it will last. It is
educated guesswork and not a little rhetoric.
The safest estimate is 20-30 years.
That is the bridge. It is a
bridge to renewable energy. We’ve known
we need renewable energy for 40 years.
Is it reasonable to expect another chance if we wait 30 more years?</div>
<h1>
What is it you don’t understand about “Non-renewable?”</h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
By definition a non-renewable resource is something we will
run out off. The more we use gas to
replace oil and coal, the quicker it will go.
As we deplete these resources the cost will climb. Rising gas prices became a 2012 national
campaign issue.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Some economists tell us not to worry; something else will
take the place of oil and gas when we use it up. Nice idea but does that just happen or does
someone have to do something to make it happen?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The US is the second largest user of energy and has nearly
twice the per capita demand as many other developed countries. By second largest user, we are second to
China and a fair part of China’s energy, and carbon footprint, goes to filling
store shelves in the US. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We generate roughly 10% of our energy from renewable
resources. The growth rate of renewable
energy is about three percent per year.
At this rate, in 30 years, renewable resources would still provide less
than one-quarter of our energy at current levels of demand. We need to do far more than that.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Many countries have comprehensive renewable energy policies
and plans. The US does not. A number of states do have ambitious renewable
energy plans; for example, Texas, the iconic oil and gas state. Pennsylvania neighbors in Maryland, Delaware
and New Jersey are developing offshore wind farms. The Rocky Mountain Institute, a nonprofit
organization, last year published its own national energy plan in the book <i>Reinventing Fire</i>. Locally, Transition Town State College (<a href="http://www.transitiontownstatecollege.org/">www.transitiontownstatecollege.org</a>
and <a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/">www.transitioncentre.org</a>) is
launching an Energy Action Plan project for Centre County, Pennsylvania. Over a hundred other Transition Towns are
working in the same direction across the country.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Local renewable energy has a vast potential for securing our
future, for creating businesses and jobs, for giving us a stronger sense of
community and greater local self-reliance.
We have tremendous resources in community organizations, business,
government and colleges and universities.
Let’s put them to work for our future.</div>
<h1>
Why do we need renewable energy?</h1>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are two really vital reasons we must develop renewable
energy and do it quickly:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Climate Change</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->End of cheap oil</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Burning fossil fuels produces greenhouse gases that drive
rising global temperatures. Production
of fossil fuels can also release other greenhouse gases like methane<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Marcellus gas is methane – a vast reservoir of it. Methane is a greenhouse gas that, long term
(100 years) is 25 times as powerful as carbon dioxide but short term 70 to 100
times as powerful. Gas exploitation could
release huge quantities of this gas into the atmosphere.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The key to climate change is energy change. If we don’t dramatically change our energy
economy, if we don’t stop burning carbon, climate change is, in a word,
anticlimactic.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The real game changer is that we are running out of fossil
fuels. Not fast enough, however. By the time we burn through the remaining
reserves we will likely have irreversible climate change and that is a future
for our children and grandchildren that we don’t want to think about.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Its running out of energy, without an alternative, that
could bring our civilization down. That
will happen well before the worst effects of climate change.</div>
<h1>
Oil Depletion</h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Best estimates are that we have burned through about half of
the world’s petroleum reserve. What
remains is the stuff that is harder to get like deep sea oil. It cost more to produce it so energy prices
are rising. As buyers accept higher
prices, more is produced. It is also more
risky to produce, as the Gulf Deepwater Horizon spill demonstrated. Tar sand already is, and oil shale could
potential become, egregious assaults on the natural environment.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In my book on self-sufficient communities<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>,
now on a publisher’s desk, I go into detail about the future of the oil industry. I asked the question about the reality of
world oil reserves. For answers I
searched the oil industry literature. I
learned that one of the most important estimates of reserves is what the
industry called the 3 Ps: Proven, Probably and Possible. Another way of describing these is: Proven, Unproven and Undiscovered. Most of what we call reserves are currently
in the Unproven and Undiscovered categories.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Closely tied to the 3 Ps is the term “technically
recoverable.” This term suggest that as
technology improves so will the recoverable portion of the reserve. But closely tied to this idea is the term
“economically.” The industry has to make
more out of oil and gas than it cost to produce it. Thus as prices go up, they can exploit more
difficult and more risky reserves. And,
of course, they are making a huge profit.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Even in a proven reserve, rarely can more than one-third of
the oil be extracted with current technology at current prices.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We (the world) are burning 84 million barrels of oil per day,
or some 30-32 billion barrels per year<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. The new fields the industry brags about, with
a few hundreds of million barrels, will each supply merely additional weeks or months
of world oil demand. They, of course,
can’t be developed that fast so it takes a huge exploration effort to stay even.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The scarcity of oil, and the rising price we pay, has
encouraged the oil industry to begin to develop what is called “unconventional”
reserves. These include the tar sands
being developed in Canada (and elsewhere) and related issues such as the
Keystone Pipeline controversy. It has
also pushed the industry in the direction of offshore (and very deep-sea) oil,
heavy oil, shale gas and oil shale.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The 100 years supply of shale gas is a myth. Even the experts tell us the figures are too
hard to understand, too complex, too many unverified numbers. Maybe there is as much as we would like to
believe. Maybe we could recover it
all. Maybe we could do so at affordable
costs. Maybe we can do so without
causing environmental disasters on an unprecedented scale. Maybe not.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Just days after Obama’s 2012 State of the Union statement on
energy development, when he used the 100 year figure for gas reserves, the US
Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA), downgraded it’s
estimates of “Unproven” shale gas reserves, down two-thirds for Marcellus
shale.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The current EIA proven US shale gas reserves would last
eleven years at present rates of consumption.
Current unproven reserves only another six. It’s grade school arithmetic. The rest is simply guesswork and not a little
hype.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
How long that gas will last also depends on how much more of
it we use. The greater the demand, the
shorter the time we will have gas to burn.
We are not going to build a gas energy economy. The gas will be depleted before we could get
the infrastructure in place.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let me add this note:
What the experts say, what the industry says, what the government says,
is not what you and I need to know. If,
and I stress this <b>IF,</b> we are to consider
ourselves a democratic society, and if we believe that a free market is a place
where we make rational and informed decisions, then we, and I’m talking about
you and me, not the experts, must have a fair estimate of what is going on and
a voice about our future.</div>
<h1>
What will be the consequences for our economy, for our civilization, if we
run out of fuel?</h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Think about that for a moment.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
That will likely happen long before Manhattan goes the way
of Atlantis; long before sea level rises inundate our major coastal
cities. If we don’t solve our energy crisis
I’m not sure how we will continue to maintain those cities anyway.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Two things in our lives depend on cheap energy. Let me stress the word <b>cheap</b>. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Our global food supply. It is energy intensive.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Cities.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0in;">
We have run out of cheap oil. Energy has become and will increasingly be a
big part of our economy. Without enough
energy we cannot maintain this economy. However, even minor reductions in energy use,
planned or not, will have a profound impact on our own and the global economy.</div>
<h1>
A renewable energy future</h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Enough of the bad news.
Let’s get down to business: Building
a new energy economy -- A renewable, sustainable, energy economy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We must learn to live within our means, not on Mother
Nature’s savings account. We must
develop a solar energy budget.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let’s face it: Fossil
fuels are a bank deposit of solar energy and we have foolishly squandered that
legacy. But there is more solar income
pouring in every day. Every hour more
energy reaches the surface of our planet that we can use in a year. A lot of it goes into rechargeable batteries
called wind and hydrology. More of it
goes into another battery called the biosphere:
living growing things. Biomass
charged the battery we are currently drawing on for fossil fuels. But megatons more of this potential bioenergy
is stored every day.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Our food is one means we have learned to capture solar
energy. We built this thing we call
civilization by learning how to capture solar energy as food energy. Until the fossil age farmers had to grow more
calories of food than they and their animals consumed growing it. Since the oil age we have learned to turn
fossil fuels into food. Today it takes
six to ten calories of fossil fuel energy to produce one calorie of the food on
our lunch menu.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Green Revolution that saved the developing world from
famine was all about converting oil into food.
No cheap oil -- No cheap food.
Let’s not even think about running out of oil.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We are, by the way, also facing a peak food moment. Population continues to grow. The land we need to grow food on continues to
decline. We have reached or passed the
point of diminishing return on food production technologies. Need I mention that we are now using cropland
to grow fuel?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
How are we going to reverse that trend?</div>
<h1>
But first, why is it so hard to create a new energy economy? Especially for the US?</h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One reason, of course, is that it is expensive to do. The reason we didn’t do it 30 years ago is
that, after the energy crisis of the 1970s, the cost of oil went down to less
than $20 per barrel. Now that cost has
risen closer to $100 and, year by year, climbing.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We are being conditioned to paying more for gas and heating
oil. $4 a gallon gasoline doesn’t feel
as bad as it did a few years ago. We are
being far more stoic about it.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
While the price of oil might drop significantly, the price
of gasoline and heating oil seem not to drop at comparable rates. Energy industry profits are rising. Are the oil industries investing in
renewables? Marginally. The profits are much greater in oil and gas
and coal for that matter. They are
putting their money where the payoff is.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Bottom line, however, is that the investments needed for
renewable energy are simply not there.
Renewable energy is not yet a profitable sector. We’ve seen too many, well-subsidized,
renewable US industry bankruptcies of late.
With the end of energy credits the incentive to invest in renewable
energy is dropping to near zero. It just
doesn’t make good business sense to invest in renewable energy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
At some other time we must explore the impact of our finance
driven economy on development of new energy resources; but not in this article. It is something we need to know far more
about. Just consider that some 40% of
corporate profits are now derived from finance, not production. You can consider finance as a part of the
service sector, but isn’t really. It is
a vast, new industry that trades in imaginary products and serves its own
interests.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Public funds? If this
economy does not return to health there will be precious little for renewable
energy development. Thirty years ago we
had money to burn. We lost the opportunity. The political climate is also against
it. For reasons impossible to fathom,
conservative interests see renewable energy as some sort of socialist plot to
destroy the country. And that is about
the most anti-business, anti-capitalists attitude one can think of. This economy was built on energy and it could
be rebuilt on sustainable energy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
While energy is a campaign issue this year, we still don’t
have much of a national vision of our future other than increasing production
of fossil fuels, the easy out. It is a
strategy that readily available facts do not support. We simply do not have the reserves, by any
standard of measure, to support our demand.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Again, the US does not have a comprehensive energy policy. It is the only major developed nation that
does not. Other countries, like Germany
for example, have ambitious alternative energy plans. And some US states have promising renewable
energy plans.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let me touch on Germany.
It is something of a renewable energy poster child<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. In the last ten years Germany went from 6%
to 20% renewable energy: twice that of
the US. They invested billions of
Euros. They created hundreds of
thousands of jobs. Wind is by far the
largest contributor to this growth but biomass and biogas are also strong.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There is a lot to learn from what is going on in Europe, or
China, for that matter. A number of smaller
EC countries have both a larger share of renewables and even more ambitious
goals than Germany. Smaller countries,
however, can gain a deceptively larger share of renewable energies. We need to remember that the cost of gasoline
in many European countries is twice that in the US. Some of the smaller EC countries simply
cannot afford fossil fuels. For them renewable
energy is a good investment. And as I
will point out shortly, that is a good argument for some of our own poorer
communities to pursue a renewable energy economy, a local energy economy.</div>
<h1>
Who you gonna call?</h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In April 2012 a Public Issues Forum<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
on Marcellus Shale was held in State College, Pennsylvania. It was a six hour, full-day event. Seventy-five people attended. Renowned Climate scientist Dr. Richard Alley,
PSU, gave a rousing keynote. A video of
Dr. Alley’s talk and the session of one of the work groups can be found <a href="http://cnet.pegcentral.com/player.php?video=981238451619ff83b1c074f9a61b6769">here</a>. There were five breakout groups of fifteen
people each. A great deal of comment was
collected that is coming out as a report.
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This Forum was a pilot.
A local task force conducted an informal public survey and met several
times to develop a <a href="http://www.scasd.org/cms/lib5/PA01000006/Centricity/Domain/50/Marcellus%20Shale%20booklet%202012.pdf">guide
book</a>. This booklet provides
information about the Marcellus Shale formation and its development. It also outlines issues and approaches to
addressing public concerns. There were
four issues explored including environmental, health and political issues. The concluding discussion was renewable
energy: What do we do after Marcellus
Shale runs out? That is the topic of
this article.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let’s look at the current US renewable energy program. Again, while the US has no comprehensive
energy policy a number of states do. Once
hopeful conservative Presidential aspirant, Rick Perry’s, oil and gas icon, the
Republic of Texas, has a very ambitious one.
They want to be the nation’s leader in wind energy, among other
things. A wind turbine on a remote ranch
is worth $10 - 15,000 a year to the landowner.
And you can put a lot of them on a 10,000 acre ranch. Nobody has yet to complain about wind
spill. Yes, there are some environmental
issues with wind turbines.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A lot of the states in the Great Plains are capitalizing on
their wind energy. They have plenty of
it.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
California already has vast acreage of wind farms. They are also building solar, photovoltaic, passive
solar and geothermal plants. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the Northeast, Marcellus shale poster child’s
(Pennsylvania) neighbors Maryland, Delaware and New Jersey, have plans for
offshore wind farms. There is enough
wind energy offshore along the Atlantic to provide all the electrical power required
for the entire US east of the Mississippi.
It makes abundant sense for Pennsylvania, which has very little interest
in renewable energy development, largely due to the dominance of shale gas
interests, to invest in offshore wind resources. Gas enthusiasts don’t even want to talk about
it. They want the investment capital for
drilling and pipelines. Other offshore
resource potentially include tidal and ocean currents. This natural, renewable energy potential is enormous.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are also numerous rivers running into the
Atlantic. Do these rivers have
hydro-electric potential? Yes, and you don’t
even have to build a dam. One of the
emerging technologies is in-stream water turbines. You can place these things in a continuous
chain anywhere there is enough water to cover them. And yes, you could build low dams on shallow
rivers, just a few feet, and capture even greater energy that way. Low dams are relatively inexpensive and have less
environmental impact.</div>
<h1>
Will to Power</h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There is a different way of seeing Will to Power than the
philosopher Nietzsche did.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The question is: Who
is responsible for our energy future?
The short answer is that you and I are responsible for the future of our
community and that includes the energy we use </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Increasingly thoughtful men and women are realizing that
only local communities can shape their own destiny. That has become increasingly evident in this
weak economy and contentious political environment. Many communities already have a good start but
we have yet to develop a truly systematic model for building sustainable
communities.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A couple of resources I find useful in understanding creating
a renewable energy economy and the community effort needed to achieve
that. The first is the Rocky Mountain
Institute/Amory Lovins <i>Reinventing Fire</i>. A review of this book can be found on the <a href="http://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2011-01-01T00:00:00-08:00&updated-max=2012-01-01T00:00:00-08:00&max-results=3">Transition
Centre blog</a>. <i>Reinventing Fire</i> has a lot of great ideas about a business-driven
transformation of the US economy – to move away from both fossil fuels and
nuclear energy to a renewable economy.
It is a grand vision. It needs
practical expression.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
How to achieve that vision locally can be found in the
Transition Town guide <i>The Transition
Companion</i> <a href="http://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2011/11/transition-companion-review.html">(Review
here)</a> and <i>Transition in Action</i> <a href="http://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/search?updated-min=2012-01-01T00:00:00-08:00&updated-max=2013-01-01T00:00:00-08:00&max-results=1">(Review
here)</a>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>The Transition
Companion</i> is the second generation handbook for the Transition Towns
movement. The movement was founded in
2005 in the UK and the model has been formally adopted, as of this post, 428
communities worldwide in 34 countries, 117 and counting in the US (first in
2008). </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Transition Towns is a grassroots community development model. While not prescriptive, the model is a best
practice for mobilizing a community to achieve greater energy independence,
food security and local self-reliance.
It both allows the community to adapt to change and makes the most of doing
so by building stronger social capital. One
of the most attractive features of this model is that the vision is, first of
all obtainable -- not utopian, and second, a place people would like to live.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The TT model is founded on the issues related to climate
change, to the idea that we are running out of oil, and the realization that
these factors are having a serious impact the wellbeing of our communities now
and in the near and distant future. We
have the option of trying to ride it out or taking our destiny in our own
hands.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The primary objective of the Transition Town model is to
develop a community Energy Action Plan<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. The EAP is a practical means to achieve
greater local energy independence. Energy
is not just fuel and electricity but food, material goods and even waste
products: It is virtually everything
that is happening within a community. It
is social energy, organizational energy, communications energy, creative energy;
it is mental, emotional and muscle energy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Transition Town model is a grassroots community
enterprise. It starts with an initiating
group forming that begins to develop local interest in the TT model. The selling point of this model is that it is
a “best practice.” This model is the
product of thousands of people working in scores of communities to create
greater local resilience. The reason it
is so attractive is that it is simple, coherent, has a pleasing aesthetic, and
seeks to restore the heart and soul of our humanity.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The EAP is something the community has to develop. It is not something you bring in experts to
do. How to do it is found in <i>The Transition Companion,</i> <i>Transition in Action</i> and a growing
collection of books that have come from the movement. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/">Transition Centre</a>
was formed with the primary mission of promoting the Transition Town
model. It also has a mission of creating
a design for a community energy ecology: an architecture of sustainability. This model asks: How can you define sustainability if you don’t
know what you are consuming? The TC model
explores the energy and materials that go into a community, what it is
consuming, the way it consumes these resource and the products and waste
products that come out of the community ecosystem<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.</div>
<h1>
Interfaith Power and Light</h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
An important but often neglected component of community
development is the local faith community.
Religious associations are a source of community organization and they
are also the source of our standards of moral, correct, behavior. Interfaith Power and Light has, in ten years,
grown to 39 state organizations, each an independent entity<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. Its mission is to engage the faith community
in issues related to climate change.
IPLs encourage congregations to improve energy efficiency, provide
public education about climate change and energy, advocate sound public
environmental policy and work to increase community solidarity. Increasingly Transition Towns and IPL are
sharing common ground and beginning to form a working partnership. Greenfaith<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>,
in New Jersey, is also an excellent model of mobilizing people of faith to
address environmental issues.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
IPLs work to get faith-based organizations involved to
reduce their energy consumption. That
reduces carbon footprint and it also reduces cost. We’ve got to take that to a much higher
level. We have to see energy and climate
as a moral issue; as a matter of choice, of free will, and of good will. A church with a high carbon footprint must
ask itself if it is being a good steward of God’s Good Earth. A moral commitment means we must be informed
and responsive to deteriorating environmental conditions. It also means that we must take steps to
reduce our impact on people elsewhere in the world.</div>
<h1>
Reducing Consumption</h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Whatever else we do we must, must, must, reduce our energy
consumption. The US uses nearly twice
the per capita energy as many other developed nations like Germany, the UK and
Japan. We burn a quarter of the world’s
oil.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is where the rubber meets the road. All the vision and ideals in the world will
not change the way we live, our behavior.
We have to change our habits and control this addiction to oil; and for
that matter mass consumption.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It’s hard to do. The
economist and politicians will tell you first and foremost that we can’t cut
consumption. The only healthy economy is
a growing economy, they insist. It is
very real that even a small reduction in our energy use would dramatically
affect the economy. My position is that
those reductions will be mandated by changing economic conditions and by the
growing scarcity and cost of oil. We can
either wait until we have to bite the bullet or take matters in hand here and
now.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A “sustainable economy” is an oxymoron. Our world economy is not sustainable. Population continues to rise geometrically
while croplands decline and water supplies diminish; natural resources are
consumed and waste products accumulate. We
are heading for a crash. If we do
nothing, this bubble is sure to burst. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
After a lifetime of social and economic development, education
and business, the only way I can see to change our future is in our local
community, one community at a time. My
community, your community, all of our communities.</div>
<h1>
The Last Shall Be First</h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I mentioned earlier that a sustainable economy makes good sense
for poorer countries and communities.
Economically distressed communities across the US are in fact the
potential fertile ground for a renewable future. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The term “Forgotten Cities” was coined by the MIT (<a href="http://www.policylink.org/atf/cf/%7B97c6d565-bb43-406d-a6d5-eca3bbf35af0%7D/VOICES-FORGOTTENCITIES_FINAL.PDF">download
report by clicking here</a>) <span style="color: #231f20;">School of Architecture
and Planning</span><span style="color: #231f20;">,</span><span style="color: #231f20;">
Department of Urban Studies and Planning in 2007. The subtitle of the report is “</span><span style="color: windowtext;">Innovative Revitalization Coalitions</span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span><span style="color: windowtext;">in America’s
Older Small Cities.”</span><span style="color: windowtext;"> In brief, these are small cities that have
been left behind by globalization, that have lost manufacturing jobs which were
the life-blood of the community. Many of
these communities are now impoverished, run down and bankrupt. Many are fighting back and they are fertile
ground for sustainable local economies. </span><span style="color: windowtext;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The MIT report is only part of the story. It is a story that has been in play in the US
for decades. What makes it particularly
imperative today is that the global economy, the economy that drained the
vitality of local economies, seems to be running its course. Equally, we are finding that Federal and
state programs are ineffective, poorly funded, and far too detached from the
life of communities they purport to serve.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are 150 US communities on the MIT Forgotten Cities
list. These cities are little more than
symbolic of the forgotten backwater of our country. Twenty-one, however, are in the state I live
in (Pennsylvania) and 39 others are in adjoining states. Within Pennsylvania seven of these Forgotten Cities
are “distressed” municipalities – communities that have gone into
bankruptcy. There are another 14
distressed municipalities in Pennsylvania that are not on the Forgotten Cities
list. Trips down back roads in this and
many other states are little more than a travelogue of vacant storefronts,
rusting factories and homes falling into disrepair. While politicians may brag about marginal
(albeit admittedly troubled and halting) recovery of the national economy, that
recovery does not trickle down in any dependable manner to the Forgotten and
Distressed Cities.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We need an approach that actually works in the place we
live. How then do these communities
organize to solve their own problems, restore economic security and that strong
sense of community that makes a town or a city the place we want t life and
pass on to our children?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Our approach, our model, is not a romantic regression but it
does seek to resurrect values that we find in our history and in sociology and
psychology: values that make us more
fully human, more alive, give us a sense of meaning, connection and purpose.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->It is not anti-technology but seeks to define an
appropriate technology.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->It is not anti-trade but seeks to restore
essential vitality to local economies.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->It is a model of sustainability in the sense of
a community purposefully planning and managing its own affairs.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->It is not anti-capital. Indeed it is the hallmark of a free and open
market.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->It is not antidemocratic, not socialistic, but
local democracy incarnate.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
No, it’s not going to be easy. You might even define it as Mission
Impossible. It is going to be
challenging. What else have you got to
do?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Our national economy was built on energy. Those distressed and forgotten communities
were built on energy and industry. There
is no reason not to rebuild those economies around a renewable, sustainable
model. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If we send our jobs offshore where labor is cheap, then we must
create new industries at home where we are desperate for work. </div>
<h1>
Three Strategies</h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I will wrap up with three ideas about how to start local
economic recovery and community building:
First, local foods. That is where
many of them are starting.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Our civilization was founded on agriculture, on food
energy. As the cost of energy rises, so does
the cost of food. As population
increases, as climate changes, there will be increasing scarcities of food and
water and land.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A century ago economist Henry George, at a time when there
was still an agrarian America, said that land plus labor equal wealth. That is still true. Much of America is blessed with abundant land
and forest. A lot of it has been
developed, built over. A lot of it is
fallow. A lot of it has been
exhausted. Vacant land, and there is a
lot of it in post-industrial communities, both inside and adjacent to towns and
cities, can be used to grow food. It can
be restored with practices like permaculture.
Idle workers are often willing to work that land, to produce food and
cash income. The official unemployment
figure is only a fraction of the people who are without work or who can find
only part-time employment. Places like
Detroit and Milwaukee and many other cities that have lost industry and
population are already creating new gardens on an impressive scale. So are smaller towns like Burlington Vermont. We do not have to start from scratch. The movement is already well under way. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
How to form the local community food enterprise is what
Transition Towns is all about. The
Transition Town model inevitably concentrates on dramatically increasing the
amount of food grown and consumed locally<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. It provides a model, a best practice, for
creating the social capital and local organization to mobilize changes. I have to point out that it takes something
more than a home and garden way of seeing things to do this. It is an enterprise level undertaking. It
requires local entrepreneurship, and local capital. Local food is not only a source of tasty and
healthful foods but is just good business.
Creating this local food economy takes work. It requires community organization. It requires vision, will and no small measure
of courage. It is a win-win game.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The second approach is to reclaim the abandoned built
downtown environments. It is more cost
and energy efficient to reclaim old buildings than to build new ones. Our buildings, commercial and residential,
use a huge amount of energy. It takes a
huge amount of energy to construct a building.
If a structure of existing buildings is sound they may be
reclaimed. Old factories, warehouses,
stores and offices are being reclaimed for compact dwelling spaces with shops
and offices within walking distance or connected by public transportation. Such places can become communities, develop
an ambiance of closeness, of place, where people like to be, with people they
know, living life at a pace that is livable and with all the things that make
life really worthwhile.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Third, local renewable energy: Where to start. First of all is a dramatic reduction in
energy use. Then we need to look at how
to replace current fossil fuel energy resources with local renewable resources. Photovoltaic arrays and wind turbines are
expensive. They require huge financial investments. Passive solar, however, is more readily
achievable, especially if installed at an economy of scale and with local
investments. Reclaimed urban blocks,
apartments, schools, hospitals, governments, shops and manufacturers, need far
more efficient heating. Solar energy can
be readily collective by passive systems and stored in bulk, underground
tanks. Passive solar systems do not use
increasingly scarce rare earth elements.
We need to learn to make them inexpensively with minimal use of
metals. There is decent return on
investment with these systems and savings can be reinvested. The cost of these systems can be spread
across a neighborhood or community</div>
<h1>
Conclusion</h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Energy is the common denominator of our life. From the food we eat to the energy we use in
homes, offices and transportation, we are part of an energy ecology and an
energy economy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A renewable energy economy is achievable. It is a moral imperative: We have no choice. Lacking the political will, at the national
and state levels, to achieve this new economy, we can and must build it at the
local level. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But bottom line is not about profit and loss. It is about building strong communities ready
and able to adapt to the challenges that will define the decades to come. Our consumer economy has shaped, indeed
distorted, our lives. We should see the
opportunity, the pressing need, to rebuild our energy economy as an opportunity
to rebuild our communities and thus to create a lifestyle that is both
desirable and attainable.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Bill Sharp is founder of <a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/">Transition Centre</a>, cofounder of <a href="http://www.transitiontownstatecollege.org/">Transition Town State College</a>,
and member of the Board of Pennsylvania Interfaith Power and Light. He has been involved in environmental issues
since youth and has four decades of experience in project planning and
management and community development. He
has worked in government, higher education and private business. He is currently working on developing a New
School of Living based on the educational principles of Ralph Borsodi. He was a member of the Public Information
Forum task force that developed the Marcellus Shale Forum in April 2012. This article is a product of that project.</div>
<div>
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Warming Arctic waters and tundra are also releasing enormous volumes of methane. </div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <i>Building A Self-Sufficient Community and
Economy</i></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> 32
billion barrels is roughly 1.2 cubic miles in volume.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> In
fact, 27 European nations do have energy plans.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn5">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
The Forum was sponsored by a local affiliate of the National Issues Forum: <a href="http://www.nifi.org/">http://www.nifi.org/</a>. </div>
</div>
<div id="ftn6">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Also
called an “Energy Descent Action Plan.”</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Products are tradable. Ideally there
should be no net waste.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn8">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <a href="http://interfaithpowerandlight.org/">http://interfaithpowerandlight.org/</a></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn9">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
The author is a member of the board of Pennsylvania Interfaith Power and Light,
<a href="http://www.paipl.org/">www.paipl.org</a>. </div>
</div>
<div id="ftn10">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> <a href="http://greenfaith.org/">http://greenfaith.org/</a></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn11">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-indent: 0in;">
<a href="file:///C:/Users/Sharp/Documents/0/An%20Energy%20Future.doc#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Transition Town founder Rob Hopkins started his career learning to develop
greater local food security.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-525194339290495642012-02-04T09:36:00.001-08:002020-06-12T09:17:58.615-07:00Transition in Action, Totnes and District 2030 Energy Descent Action Plan<div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;"><b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Transition in Action<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;"><b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Totnes and District 2030<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;"><b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt;">Energy Descent Action Plan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: center;">Edited by Jacqui Hodgson with Rob Hopkins </div><div class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: center;">Reviewed by Bill Sharp</div><div align="center" class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The goal of the Transition Towns model is to transform the energy economy of a local community. By energy is meant a lot more than oil, gas and coal. Our energy economy is also every thing that requires energy for its production and distribution.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">This transformation is achieved through an Energy Descent Action Plan (EDAP). Make no mistake about it; the EDAP is a major undertaking. Reducing energy dependence, our carbon footprint and finding alternatives is no simple matter. The EDAP Goal is a 20 year project to not only dramatically reduce consumption but to maintain or even improve the quality of our lives.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The EDAP is the major product of a Transition Town (TT). The guide for forming a Transition Town is found in <i>The Transition Companion</i> (<a href="http://transitioncentre.blogspot.com/2011_11_01_archive.html">see review by clicking here</a>). The EDAP itself is only the beginning of the sustainability transformation of the community but by the time it is completed, much of the infrastructure for completing the plan is already in place. And that is an important part of the EDAP process.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">Trying to read <i>Transition in Action</i> like a textbook will be frustrating. There is a better way. Take it from the top down, layer by layer, rather than cover to cover, to avoid getting lost in the forest of details. Hopkins and friends have made an art of presenting complex ideas in a clear manner. It appears that Christopher Alexander’s (architect) pattern language, that inspired <i>The Transition Companion</i>, is already at work. This gives you a lot of useful information between the covers.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The book is a large format, 8 ½ by 11, paper bound, with plentiful use of graphics. It is divided into three parts, with appendices:</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">Part 1 is a short introduction: Where we started from.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">Part 2 is also brief: Creating a new story.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">Part 3 is the main course, some 250 pages but also broken down into several distinct and coherent themes.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The Appendix contains a lot of references, links and a glossary of key terms.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><h1 style="margin-top: 0in;">Part 1: Where we started from.</h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">There are three compelling assumptions upon which this work, and the Transition Towns movement, is based:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->Peak oil</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->Climate change</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->Economic instability</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">The question is: How do local communities deal with these issues?</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The story of the past century or more has been one of energy; particularly that energy packed liquid fuel, petroleum. A quart (I’m using American equivalent measures) of oil, Hopkins likes to say, contains about as much energy as a worker can produced in a month of hard manual work. (There are actually 140,000 calories of energy in a quart of oil and 125,000 in a quart of gasoline.) We have built a stupendous industrial civilization with oil, cheap oil. But is it a non-renewable resource. We have used some 1,200 billion barrels of petroleum, which evidence suggest is about half of the recoverable reserve. That was the easiest to get to. It is already getting more expensive and more risky to produce oil (and gas).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">Burning fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide. A gallon of gasoline produces 19.5 pounds of carbon dioxide (which does not count the amount created in producing and delivering it). The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased some 100 parts per million since the start of the industrial revolution. It now stands at 392 ppm. Half of that has appeared in the last third of a century. The rate over the last ten years has been about 2 ppm per year. The current level is the highest in at least 800,000 years, possibly 20 million years.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">Carbon dioxide is one of a number of greenhouse gases. These gases have the property of absorbing heat. They work like glass over a greenhouse to capture and hold the heat of the sun. The temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans has been steadily rising in step with the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The consequences are melting polar ice, coastal flooding, increasing numbers of violent storms and shifting climate patterns which themselves affect the wellbeing of huge numbers of people all over the Earth.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">Climate change has economic consequences. Even more so does the cost of energy. There is now agreement that energy cost was a factor in the Great Recession of 2008 and general acknowledgement that rising energy cost is a detriment to economic recovery. The growing scarcity of oil and coal will have a tremendous impact on the manufacturing sector which uses them as feedstock to make many of our commodities.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">Not all agree about climate change. Ironically, some who love the way science makes weapons don’t believe the science of climate change (The Pentagon does.). Pro-development interests tend to deny global warming, at least human causation. To admit it would make reducing emissions a moral imperative. They fear that doing so would curb economic development. In fact, rebuilding our energy system would create jobs and profits just as building the current carbon energy system did.</div><h2 style="margin-top: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></h2><h2 style="margin-top: 0in;">Resilience</h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The first Energy Descent Action Plan (EDAP) was developed in 2005 by a group of students at Kinsale Further Education College in Ireland, a class taught by Transition Towns founder Rob Hopkins. It is a comprehensive work in its own right. That plan can be found by <a href="http://transitionculture.org/wp-content/uploads/KinsaleEnergyDescentActionPlan.pdf">clicking here</a>.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The decline of North Sea oil production a decade ago was a shock to the British economy. Of greater psychological impact, however, was a strike of truck drivers in the UK in 2000 over a proposed fuel tax. When the trucks stopped, the “just-in-time” delivery system ground to a halt taking the country to the verge of a food crises as market shelves begin to empty. Fuel prices have, of course, risen dramatically since then.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The disruption of essential services raises the issue of how a local community will manage such emergencies. The response is called “resilience;” a term used in biology that describes how an organism adjusts to sudden stresses in its environment. We need to make our communities just as adaptable.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The response to our vulnerability to the global economy is called relocalization: strengthening the capacity of the local community to meet its needs for basics goods and services produced close by. Relocalization allows us to manage how we secure our basic needs. Because the producers are neighbors, it also insures higher quality and reliability of food, durable goods and services. This is not to say that there will not be considerable long-distance commerce. Trade has always been a major part of strong societies.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">Hopkins and friends launched Transition Town Totnes (TTT) in 2006. In 2008 he published a book about the experiences gained at Totnes and a number of other emerging Transition Towns (TTs) in the UK, <i>The Transition Handbook</i>. In 2009, after three years of TTT, a survey was conducted of 220 households around Totnes to see what kind of affect the project was having. Three-quarters of those surveyed were familiar with TTT and a third had participated in some activity. Of those who had participated, nearly two-thirds had attended talks or workshops, eight percent were involved in garden shares and one-fifth had taken an active role in one of 11 workgroups that helped develop the EDAP. That translates into an estimated 155 people regularly involved (in a community of some 9,000).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><h1 style="margin-top: 0in;">Part 2. Creating a New Story</h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The Totnes EDAP is rooted in the history of the area. Totnes is a town that was ancient when Columbus discovered the New World. Like many British communities, World War II was its finest hour. The story of the community has changed a lot since then. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The new story assumes that the future will be challenging, that change is on the way. Many, of course, believe it will be business as usual, hopefully a growing economy. Some see Mad Max. Some dream of a Star Trek future. Transition Towns asks: What would a lean energy future look like?</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The writing of the new story began with a dive into the local historical archives. Oral history interviews then tapped the still living memories of the war years and even before. There was a considerable local food economy in the past. The survey asked about energy, lighting, appliances and transportation, then and now. The questions included: What lessons can be learned from the past? What needs to be preserved? And what can be relegated to history?</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The research incorporated current economic conditions and demographics. Totnes is a cluster of 16 parishes. It is a market center, as it has always been. It is a center of art and culture. It is the home of Schumacher College; devoted to sustainability. Businesses are small. A large part of the economy is tourism. Many of its residents work in other cities. There are a lot of retired people.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">They also tell the story of Transition Town Totnes. Founded in late 2005 the project was “officially unleashed” in 2006. With the publication of <i>The Transition Handbook</i>, TTT became the center of a rapidly growing moment in the UK and around the world; an achievement they take pride in.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">“TTT has always considered itself a catalyst, its role being to inspire and nurture projects, and to support them with fundraising, office facilities, networking and so on.” A number of projects came out of this effort including garden share (community gardens), a local food directory, Totnes Pound, Reskilling (garden related training), energy audits, seed exchanges, study courses, Renewable Energy Society (a community owned energy company) and other activities. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The EDAP was a product of the TTT “Energy Descent Pathways project.” This project, which was funded by two agencies, drew all the threads together. The EDAP was completed and published May 2010. An online version can be found at <a href="http://totnesedap.org.uk/">http://totnesedap.org.uk/</a>.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><h2 style="margin-top: 0in;">Basic Framework for the EDAP</h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">There are four basic assumptions in the Transition Town model:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->That life with dramatically lower energy consumption is inevitable, and that it’s better to plan for it than be taken by surprise<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->That our communities presently lack the resilience to enable them to weather the severe energy shocks that will accompany peak oil<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->That we have to act collectively, and we have to act now<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->That by unleashing the collective genius of those around us to creatively and proactively design our energy future, we can build ways of living that are more connected, more enriching and that recognize the biological limits of our planet<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">A number of tools and activities were developed:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->A framework for understanding the forces at work including a survey of local conditions, oral histories and finally the detailed survey of 220 households.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->A future vision: a 10 meter long “Transition Timeline,” public discussions, posters and such.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->Engaging the community: Open space meetings, working groups, practical projects, talks to local groups, media coverage, and meeting with key people.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->The Public Launch: September 2008, a celebratory community gathering.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->Two rounds of themed public workshops; the first about current issues and concluding with a vision for 2030. The second round developed future scenarios. </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->Back casting: reverse development of the scenarios from then to now. This puts the details into the plan.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->Drafting the EDAP and discussing it: How do we get there? Pathways included awareness, education, engagement, fostering links, empowerment, greater equity and life balance, giving something back to society. The plan went through several drafts, a widening audience of discussion and posting it on the web site for comments.</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->Implementing the EDAP. </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]--><o:p> </o:p></div><h1 style="margin-top: 0in;">Part 3. A Timeline to 2030</h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">Timelines are visual projections of the EDAP. Timelines are stories of the future moving towards the vision of the community in 2030. They ask us to image where the community would be at various stages over the twenty years of implementing the plan.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><h2 style="margin-top: 0in;">Joined-Up Thinking: Totnes 2030</h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The first Timeline is the broad picture of the community as a whole. In twenty years, sixty percent of food is grown locally, people live closer to where they work, which helps realize dramatic reductions in transportation energy, far more contact with other people; a quieter and calmer town, small local markets. Oil consumption goes down from nine barrels per person per year to one barrel; incidentally producing lower greenhouse gas emissions. Half of energy is produced locally. Waste is virtually eliminated. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><h2 style="margin-top: 0in;">Indicators</h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">How is progress measured? The plan provides a list of 20 indicators. The list puts heavy emphasis on more participative community decision making and community organization. A strong Community, Enterprise and Development organization was established. There are regular evaluations of progress towards sustainability. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><h2 style="margin-top: 0in;">Timelines</h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The first “Timeline of Change” unfolds across ten pages (The online version of the book lacks the graphics of the printed publication.). This Timeline embraced the strategic themes of peak oil, climate change, stabilizing population increasing renewable energy supplies, repairing biodiversity, reducing excess consumption and waste to zero, maintaining clean water supplies with less energy inputs.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The Timeline starts with the year the Transition Town “goes mainstream,” for Totnes 2009. Eight paragraphs headline important relevant news for that year. The following three years are treated individually but as the timeline continues it uses blocks of three to five year intervals. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">There is a contingency plan, an emergency management scenario in case a downturn in conditions goes faster than anticipated and to address the anticipated effects of such contingencies as natural disasters and economic slumps.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><h2 style="margin-top: 0in;">Themes</h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The bulk of Part 3 of <i>Transition in Action</i> is grouped into five themed parts:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->Working with Nature</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->Creative Energy System</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->Resourcing Localization</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->Nurturing Transition</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span><!--[endif]-->Empowering People.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Each of these parts is divided into a series of topics. Let’s look at the outline of “Working with Nature.” The topics included are:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Food Security: Can Totnes and District Feed Itself?</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Food Production and Farming</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Transition in Action</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->TTT’s Garden Share Scheme</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Totnes and District Local Food guide</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->The Nut Tree Planting Project</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Health and Wellbeing</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Transition in Action</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Totnes Healthy Future</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Water Matters</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Supporting biodiversity – the web of life</div><h2 style="margin-top: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></h2><h2 style="margin-top: 0in;">Local Foods</h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The second section, on food production and farming, goes into more detail about how food localization can be brought about. The UK is heavily dependent on foreign grown food, most of which could, and at one time was, grown locally.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The first item on this list, “Can Totnes and District Feed Itself?” is a funded paper using GIS mapping resources. It is a sophisticated work worthy of professional planning departments. The text of this paper can be found by <a href="http://totnesedap.org.uk/book/part3/themes-pathways/working-with-nature/food-security-can-totnes-district-feed-itself/">clicking here</a>. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The priority objectives, the focus of the first 10-15 years of the plan, can be summarized as:</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Build and increase the market for local food<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Increase the physical and political infrastructure for local food growing, processing and distribution<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Changes to land legislation, including planning laws to open up land for food production<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Decrease the distance between producers and consumers<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Utilize available resources for urban agriculture<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Produce food with minimal imported materials in a sustainable manner<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The resilience indicators, the measures of progress, are listed as:</div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->The percentage of the population with basic food production skills<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->The percentage of the population who feel confident in cooking with fresh produce<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->The percentage of food consumed locally which has been also grown locally<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->The number of people who feel they have access to good advice, skills and retraining in basic food production<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->The percentage of land (agricultural & urban) under utilization for food production<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Rates of obesity and chronic heart disease<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->The average body mass index<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">This section has its own ten page “Pathways Across the Timeline,” with the strategic themes of: Localizing Food consumption; linking farmers, growers and consumers-promoting awareness; producing more local food; develop skills, resources and capacity; develop land use; legislation for localizing food production and consumption. The topic headers for this timeline include: Conditions affecting individuals, the community, producers and work for policy makers and service providers. The first year is news that happened, and it is an impressive list. The second year is projected news of events unfolding. The Timeline moves through the years to 2026 -- 2030 which describes how Totnes will look when the plan is brought to fruition. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">Each section unfolds in the same basic pattern. This adds consistency to the plan. Each section contains a body of facts worthy of the local planning department. They are, however, from a Transition Towns sustainability perspective rather than the usual growth management perspective.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><h2 style="margin-top: 0in;">Heart and Soul</h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The last two themes, “Nurturing Transition” and “Empowering People,” move from visioning and planning to people and process.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">Nurturing Transition has three sections:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Arts, Culture, Media and Innovation</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Inner Transition</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Education, Awareness and Skills for Transition</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Empowering People also has three sections:</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Local Governance</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Community Matters</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Youth Issues</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">These two themes may be considered the beginning and the end of the EDAP. The Transition process begins with developing a community of interest; a community of participation. It begins with awareness building, with meetings, with artistic presentation that embrace graphics and performing arts. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">From the beginning the psychological stresses of change are recognized. In a very real sense the Transition Towns model goes beyond the three E’s, Environment, Energy and Economy, to the root issue: the loss of a sense of connection with and control over the events of our lives. Our lives are anxiety driven. We feel alienated. We feel ill. Americans, for example, take a lot of mood-altering drugs (legal and not), sleep aids and stomach remedies. We are out of shape. Heart and Soul is an important service of Transition Towns.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><h1 style="margin-top: 0in;">An Integral Model</h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">One of the things that impressed me about the Totnes EDAP is that it is an integral model: all the pieces fit together. This can be expected in a model that has permaculture close to its heart. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">From the time TTT was unleashed, more than three years were taken in developing the EDAP. Obviously this effort took organization, leadership and management, skill and expertise. It took funding.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The TT model does not ask government to take on the job. This is an important feature of the model. Governments are not about this type of social transformation. They are about managing public affairs. They are bureaucracies governed by law and regulation. They are short of funds and staff and increasingly so. Local planning is largely about growth and its consequences. Energy conservation is there mostly because it is about cutting cost. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">A growing number of cities and towns across the US have undertaken, and take great pride in, plans to achieve greater sustainability. In every case there is a strong citizen contingent providing volunteers, expertise, material, money and time. Transition Towns is not, therefore, in competition with government; it seeks rather to take on a job that someone needs to do. Eventually, as a new transition culture emerges, local governance will reflect that new voice of the community. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">As stated at the beginning of this review, one of the best features of the EDAP is that by the time it is completed much of the infrastructure is already in place to carry it out. Most of what we call “planning” ends as a document. After it is done, if the project goes forward at all, there is typically an extended procedure of approval, organization, budgeting and all the details that come with carrying it out. Too often the people who carry out the plan are not the ones who prepared it. The EDAP is a work in progress. The Timeline itself begins with “where we are” and moves directly into the coming year’s effort; work that is already under way. It’s like the Eveready Bunny.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The EDAP, like any plan, requires money to make it work. Another positive feature of this process is that the TT process can be largely self funding. TTs, almost by definition, are about strengthening local economies. A local economy seeks to create wealth by promoting local products and thereby mobilizing capital within the local economy. It tries to keep as much of that wealth as possible within the community. The model includes a local currency to encourage this recirculation of wealth. In a matter of a few years this can produce far more capital than grants, incentives and public revenues.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div><h1 style="margin-top: 0in;">Ways and Means</h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">Hundreds of Transition Towns around the world have taken on the task of creating an alternative and sustainable future for their community. Each does what it needs to do with the resources available. For any number of reasons, not all will develop a formal EDAP.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">The purpose of this series of reviews on this blog site is to explore what is required to create a formal EDAP. This review of <i>Transition in Action</i> was an eye-opener. A close reading of this document provided not only a model for an EDAP but told how it was produced. That itself is an important element in each TT community’s understanding of its capacity to undertake such a process.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">Many TTs see the model as a means and not an end. Some, however, may aspire, like Totnes, to put their community on the map as a center of innovation. That takes planning and management, the forming of associations with government, business and academia, likely founding of a nonprofit organization, funding and a sustained effort. The model developed by Totnes is a good one but not the only one. Hopkins has recommended that these plans be adapted to different national cultures and to the needs of each locale. One wonders what forms local EDAPs may take in the United States as they are developed.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">Bill Sharp</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">State College Pennsylvania</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in;">February 4, 2012</div>Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-2376847195581008382011-12-28T14:51:00.001-08:002020-06-12T09:19:05.737-07:00Reinventing Fire, A Review<div class="MsoTitle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"></div><div class="MsoTitle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"></div><div class="MsoTitle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><i><span lang="X-NONE">Reinventing Fire</span></i><span lang="X-NONE">, A Review</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">The most pressing issues of all, these days, for the US and for the world, are climate change, the economy, and energy. These are three so closely interrelated issues that it is hard to separate them, but it is clear that energy is the most crucial variable. Burning fossil fuels produces growing levels of carbon dioxide and other pollutants in the atmosphere; exploitation of fossil fuels creates serious environmental risks; and dependence on oil and coal makes our economy extremely vulnerable.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Unless we solve the energy problem, climate change will be anticlimactic. Yes, climate change is a consequence of burning carbon fuels but long before we see the major effects of climate change the scarcity and cost of declining reserves of fossil fuels will pretty much settle the future of our industrial civilization. The world’s economy is based on energy, more specifically, cheap energy. Energy is not only a cost of doing business; it is the life-blood of our economy. <i>Reinventing Fire</i>, by Amory Lovins and the Rocky Mountain Institute (<a href="http://www.rmi.org/">http://www.rmi.org/</a>), a recent Chelsea Green publication, spells this out and offers an alternative future for both the economy and the environment.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Fire is, of course energy, or vice-versa. It is clear that we must transform, that is, reinvent, our energy economy. Make no mistake, this is a huge undertaking: A Mission Impossible scenario if ever there was one. The choice is not if but when and how. It’s not a matter of choice but of necessity.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><i>Reinventing Fire</i> is, first and foremost, about conserving energy. The US has nearly twice the per capita consumption of energy as many other developed countries and about a quarter of the total. Overall, the US is now the second largest consumer of energy and the second largest contributor to greenhouse gases. We have passed the honor of first place to China. The US still uses roughly seven times as much energy per person as China. Since China burns a lot of carbon to produce products for our markets, perhaps we need to make some accounting adjustments in the footprint ledger.</div><div class="NoSpacing" style="text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">The US is clearly deeply dependent on other countries for fuel, food and goods. Yet we have neither a comprehensive national plan nor clear policy regarding our energy future beyond business as usual. <i>Reinventing Fire</i> gives us such a strategy. It is a plan that could dramatically reduce our dependence on foreign and scarce energy resources, dramatically reduce greenhouse gases, provide us with the energy for economic growth and achieve this through private enterprise, not government spending.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><h1 style="margin-top: 0in;"><span lang="X-NONE"><span style="font-size: large;">An Integral Model</span></span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">A lot of what you will find in <i>Reinventing Fire</i> is not new. What is new is that it represents a comprehensive and integral plan for transforming our energy economy. It also insists “Start now!” It is a time-bound plan of forty years. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Let me make it clear that we have an energy economy. Our economy is not based on gold or dollars or production but upon energy. Even the GDP can be directly correlated to energy consumption: It takes increasing energy consumption to drive a growing economy. As the GDP rises, so does the cost of a barrel of oil. Energy cost is thus a negative feedback.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">In a matter of just over a decade the cost of oil rose from roughly $20 or less per barrel to near $150 and has settled to around $100, five times what it was. The rising cost of energy has affected anything that depends on energy, which is just about everything, especially food. While speculation has an impact on the cost of energy it is still a classic supply-demand issue. The global demand is rising. Peak oil is about not only reaching the half-empty level but about the shift to even more expensive sources of oil. Rising cost makes that economically feasible. Tapping these remaining oil resources also involves rising environmental risk.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">How do we take control of our energy future? <i>Reinventing Fire</i> proposes, first and foremost, to dramatically increase efficiencies in the zones that use the most energy: Transportation, buildings and energy production. Second, it proposes to radically transform our power industry by replacing oil, coal and even nuclear power plants with renewable energy systems: a whole new power generation industry and infrastructure.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">A key to the vision is an “integral” approach. What do we mean by “integral?” It means that the plan is not piecemeal. We have been conditioned into a Cartesian world view: we like to break problems down into manageable pieces. We forget that the pieces were part of a larger, interdependent, system. If we are to undertake a comprehensive plan of energy, and economic, redevelopment--and we must--we have to put the pieces back together in a coherent manner. The <i>Reinventing Fire</i> proposal is mindful that each of the four energy sectors is intimately connected and profoundly dependent on each of the others. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Perhaps we should pause to think about what it takes to make an integral, systems, approach to problem solving. One of the best models for integral thinking came from Bucky Fuller, the inventor of the geodesic dome. Fuller was a genius who thought a lot about the process of thinking. He left two big books about his way of thinking that he called synergetics. In brief, the way synergetic logic works is by building a mental model with at least four elements arranged as a three-dimensional figure, a tetrahedron, each element linked to each of the others. There can be more parts but this is a good, manageable start. By forming such a mental model we achieve both a sense of wholeness and interconnection and a higher level of functionality defined as synergy. Such models seem to come to life. <i>Reinventing Fire</i> does this: it gives life to a complex system. And it does that with four basic sectors like Fuller suggested.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">We know we have many problems with energy today, and if the solutions were obvious we would already be solving them. It has taken more than two centuries of the best thinking, engineering and entrepreneurship the world has known to get us where we are. But we’ve painted ourselves into a corner. The bottom line is that “business as usual” is simply not an option. We have an emergency situation. We seem to have reached a peak in petroleum production. We have more coal than we have a tolerance for the health and environmental cost of burning it, but coal, too, is a finite resource. Natural gas may (or may not) prove a bridge but there are limits on both reserves and how it can be adapted to replace petroleum. Lovins doesn’t see much future for nuclear energy, not just due to highly toxic waste products but the high cost and the investment challenge, and writes it out of his vision. Clearly, our real prospect for the future of energy, from both the environmental and economic perspective, is renewable energy. The sun provides far more energy than we will ever need; we need a solar economy.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Bottom line, however, economic reality will drive the development of energy resources, not risk. Business thinks primarily only in the short term. Business caters to demand. Common sense tells us that the vast majority of Americans, as environmentally sensitive as they may (or may not) be, above all want to see the lights stay on and the house reasonably warm during the winter. No politician will risk his or her career with an austerity plan. Conservation (depending on party affiliation), yes. Policy and programs, yes. Funding, maybe. But it is business as usual: Growth, consumption and the American way. The reality is that any significant reduction in energy consumption would have a profound impact on our economy. In the end, and not too far away, the question is whether or not we reduce the demand for energy voluntarily or bite the bullet when the pain really starts.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><i>Reinventing Fire</i> audaciously proposes not only a reduction in energy demand but also an expansion of the US economy. The models suggest some five trillion dollars in energy savings as a motivation to finance the transformation of the American energy economy. The model is about more, indeed much more, for less energy. That should have popular appeal, but more thoughts on growth below.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><h1 style="margin-top: 0in;"><span lang="X-NONE"><span style="font-size: large;">Transportation</span></span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Transportation in the US runs on oil, currently 71% of our oil; some 13 million barrels of it is burned every day in the US just to move people and stuff around. Only six percent of our transportation does not rely directly on oil for fuel. It makes sense that we make a priority of reengineering the transportation system. That is a really big order so why bother? Short answer: We are going to run out of oil, and it’s going to get a lot more costly before we do. Some economists like to say that when we run out of a resource the market will find a substitute. The questions we need to ask, even for the optimists, are when and how? Lovins says we have to start now. And that is not a minute too soon.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">The “how,” he says, can start with existing technology. We need to make automobiles lighter, for example. We need to think about how they use energy. Most of the energy delivered to the wheels (and a lot of it is wasted before it gets turned into useful work) moves the weight of the car. A lot of it is burned just idling and a lot is used in accelerating from one stop light to another. Carbon fiber, being used in aircraft, could dramatically lighten automobiles. Fuel savings would offset increased cost of materials. Improved mass production and efficiencies should bring the cost down. Another suggestion is to switch to electric drives. Lots of challenges here and many of them are addressed in the book.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Long-haul trucks are fuel guzzlers but they are still vastly more efficient per ton-mile than automobiles and light trucks. The rising cost of diesel fuel is already driving innovation. Even an extra mile per gallon makes a huge difference to the owner of an 18-wheeler. Commercial aviation sucks up a lot of fuel every day. Manufacturers are working hard to produce more efficient passenger and cargo planes. Boeing’s new 787 is already leading the way. Light weight has given Boeing a very real competitive advantage by cutting fuel cost. Ships are highly efficient cargo carriers, but the big ones can burn 30 tons or more bunker oil per day and use one percent of our total transportation fuel. Again, any small gain in efficiency is a large gain in cost reduction.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Lovins’ plan would, by RMI estimates, reduce current fuel consumption by three-quarters vs. an 80% increase (get real!) by 2050 with business as usual. There will still be fuel: Hydrogen, natural gas and non-agricultural biofuels are in Lovins’ transportation plan. How electricity will be used for transportation is in the energy sector.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><h1 style="margin-top: 0in;"><span lang="X-NONE"><span style="font-size: large;">Built Environment</span></span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">The Empire State Building gets a half-billion dollar makeover: new windows, new lighting, new heating and cooling systems, with expected savings of at least one-third of the previous energy bill. That is a lot of money saved every day. There are 120 million other buildings in the US, mostly hemorrhaging red heat in the financial reports. These buildings consume 42% of the nation’s primary energy, 72% of its electricity, about half of which is used by residential buildings. The same energy savings being realized for the Empire State Building, even with a 70% growth in floor space by 2050, would still result in nearly 20% less energy consumed than present. That is a savings of hundreds of billions of dollars annually. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Buildings are being constructed with greater efficiencies but nowhere near what they could be. There are already materials and technologies that could vastly improve the greenness of buildings but they are not always fully used, due in part to cost, in part because of design, in part because of social inertia. Building owners can demand better efficiencies. Architects know how to design more efficient designs. The problem is greater cost. The return on investment is real, however. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><h1 style="margin-top: 0in;"><span lang="X-NONE"><span style="font-size: large;">Industry</span></span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">A short description of industry might be: base material in + lots and lots of heat and pressure = cold products out. There are a lot of machines in between and they all use energy. Energy is a very real cost of doing business. Rising costs go to the customer and can impact market share. Energy savings go to the bottom line. Energy efficiency is a competitive advantage. Ask Boeing. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Industry uses about a third of our total energy. About 80 percent of that energy is divided roughly equally into process heat and machine drives. Sixty percent of that energy is direct use of fossil fuels, about half of which is natural gas. Business as usual will slightly increase the total fossil fuels, mostly oil and coal, but <i>Reinventing Fire</i> prescribes an increasing reliance on biomass. The remaining third of industrial energy is electricity and that is a story in itself. The most significant fact about industrial energy is the huge loss of heat used in producing it. Some two-thirds of the fuel energy goes up the stack, so to speak. Another ten percent is lost in power transmission. By far the most efficient use of energy is process heat. The area that suggests the greatest gains is the use of electricity: generation, transmission and more efficient electric motors.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">It should be noted that oil and coal are not only fuel sources in industry but feedstock. Depletion of these resources means not only higher resource cost but rapidly diminishing supplies of raw materials from which everyday products are manufactured; for example plastics.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><h1 style="margin-top: 0in;"><span lang="X-NONE"><span style="font-size: large;">Electricity</span></span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Roughly 40% of US energy is used to produce electricity. About half of our electricity comes from coal-fired plants and one-fifth each from gas-fired boilers and nuclear plants. The goal of <i>Reinventing Fire</i> is simply to replace 70% of our electrical generation capacity with clean and renewable resources over the next 40 years. Natural gas stays in the picture, although the book takes note that it may not be as sure a thing as proposed over the long run (some experts put the natural gas bridge at only 25 years, <i>Forbes</i> at fifteen years.). By 2050 coal, oil and nuclear are virtually absent from our energy portfolio. That may be whether we plan it or not. Most of the greenhouse gases caused by burning carbon are gone, too, says RMI.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Does this look ambitious? It certainly is. However, the real question is: Do we have a choice? No. Short of some very unlikely political or economic utopian turn of events, we have to get motivated to make changes ahead of the necessity to do so. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><i>Reinventing Fire</i> offers four scenarios for our energy future: Maintain, Migrate, Renew and Transform. Maintain is business as usual: coal, gas and nuclear with bits of renewables. Migrate would be driven by legislation on greenhouse gases and incentives that would move the power industry towards things such as carbon sequestering and likely more nuclear generators. Renew would aggressively pursue renewable energy generation such as solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, ocean currents and such. Transform would take Renew to an even higher level.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">The 80/20 rule says that you can achieve about 80% of a result with 20% of the effort. Beyond that the return on investment gets skimpier by the percentage point. It’s on the hockey-stick curve. Renew--increasing energy efficiencies and building renewable energy and infrastructure--is the 80% level, so to speak. Transformation is about that last 20%. The key to transformation is localization: small is better. For example, much of our electrical energy is lost in transmission, so the shorter the line of towers the better. That means local power systems. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Localization allows us to pay close attention to and better manage the community’s resources. Change is far more manageable on the smaller scale of a local economy. It will take a lot of incentives to get there but the plan itself is elegant and appealing. Business isn’t going to choose the most elegant model. It will choose the most profitable one. Necessity could change that equation. So, too, could a shift in public values.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><h1 style="margin-top: 0in;"><span lang="X-NONE"><span style="font-size: large;">Grassroots</span></span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">I need to say, first of all, that <i>Reinventing Fire</i> is a brilliant book. Amory Lovins and the Rocky Mountain Institute get a solid A for this effort on my scorecard. It is a comprehensive, fact-filled and integral look at how we could build a new national energy economy starting with current technologies. It is, however, more a vision than a plan. It’s going to take a huge amount of work and an incredible amount of capital to achieve its objectives. We no longer expect government to rise to the occasion. Will business? Are there alternatives?</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Lovins concludes <i>Reinventing Fire</i> with an appeal to society to “throw all its weight behind efficiency and renewable, and into the shifts of design, strategy, technology, and policy that get them done.” I find it ironic that he and his institute did not make the connection to Transition Towns (<a href="http://www.transitionus.org/">www.transitionus.org</a>). Rocky Mountain Institute has offices in the same city that formed the first US Transition Town (TT), Boulder, Colorado. <i>Reinventing Fire</i> was published the same month and by the same publisher that printed the new TT playbook, <i>The Transition Companion</i>. Transition Towns is a grassroots movement. The TT goal is to produce an Energy Descent Action Plan, a plan of action to move the community into a low carbon but high-quality lifestyle over a 20-year timeframe. <i>Reinventing Fire</i> is feedstock for that plan. We need to connect. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><i>Reinventing Fire</i> is a national vision. That is one of its strengths. It’s not about changing the world but about taking care of the beam in our own eye first. Lovins wants business to take on the job. The TT movement is a local community initiative. Obviously a movement that has as its goal the re-creation of a local economy has to embrace business interests. The creation of a new, sustainable, self-reliant community relies on just those virtues that the local Chamber of Commerce values: resourcefulness, hard work, and acceptance of the risk of building an enterprise--in our case, a social enterprise devoted not only to profit but to people and planet. Make no mistake, the likeness between an energy descent action plan and a business plan is no fluke. They are both about getting the job done.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">What is perhaps most wanting in <i>Reinventing Fire</i> is the objective of a dramatic reduction of per-capita energy use in the US. Yes, <i>Reinventing Fire</i> calls for major efforts to reduce inefficiency and that could reduce per-capita consumption in the US. But this is an outcome, not a purpose. We simply use far too much energy.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">This point ties into the argument of sustainability. <i>Reinventing Fire</i> is an economic growth model. Government and business leaders say “Of course!” The sustainability community frowns with doubt. Sustainable growth is an oxymoron. Oil and coal are not the only non-renewable resources.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">There are some other missing ingredients. The <i>Reinventing Fire</i> plan requires us to tear down and rebuild pretty much all of the US infrastructure. That is, except the highways and automobiles. The plan says little about the energy inefficiency of the design of our vast, suburb-surrounded cities. It says very little about passenger rail service. Bicycles get a couple of short mentions. Telecommuting gets a paragraph. Freight, passenger and food miles need to be dramatically reduced if we are to achieve real energy savings.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Transition Towns puts a lot of emphasis on local foods. Current agribusiness, processing and distribution burns about 7-10 calories of fossil fuels for every calorie of food produced, a lot of it processed foods that are not a healthy alternative to real food. <i>Reinventing Fire</i> would replace the one-third of US agricultural land that is used for biofuel production, which is good, but that plan would require vast areas of marginal land and huge quantities of water. It still takes energy to grow biofuel feedstock. We need to cut the demand.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Food represents nearly one-tenth of the US GDP. <i>Reinventing Fire</i> speaks well of the idea of localizing energy. Ideally, where possible, communities could localize far more of their food. One of the advantages of local food production is elimination of much of the transportation cost. At the local scale it is possible to closely monitor the relationship of energy to food, not to mention the quality of nutrition provided by land under the close scrutiny of the community. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Food is the energy source our civilization was founded on. We take it for granted. We need to take it far more seriously. Local food is a source of employment. It could produce wealth that can be invested in the more capital-intensive parts of the new energy economy. As I discuss in other works, local food is the foundation of a community dynamic that could well drive the creation of a truly sustainable economy. That, I believe, is where the investment capital for reinventing our local fire will come from.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">In conclusion, I strongly recommend <i>Reinventing Fire</i> be read and discussed by local Transition Towns and other sustainability groups. It could attract a new audience, provide food for thought, and challenge our own thinking and values.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Bill Sharp,</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">Transition Centre</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">12/28/2011</div>Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-43844530116826018062011-11-11T18:37:00.000-08:002011-11-11T18:37:22.869-08:00The Transition Companion Review<div class="MsoNormal"><i>The Transition Companion</i> has been released and it looks great.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">What <i>The Whole Earth Catalog</i> (<i>WEC</i>) did for its time, I believe <i>The Transition Companion</i> will do for today. The <i>WEC</i> was about the tools needed to build a new culture in the days oil was cheap and plentiful. <i>The Transition Companion</i> is about a new era when oil is expensive, the easy oil is nearly gone, human caused climate change is a global game changer and recovery from the Great Recession of 2008 is proving slow at best.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Like the <i>WEC</i>, <i>The Transition Companion</i> is a book of tools. These tools are for building a grassroots community program. In my years of work in this field I’ve never seen a better guide. <i>The Transition Handbook</i> (2008) was a great launch for the movement but the <i>Companion</i> is a quantum leap beyond it. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">What is the measure of success? How about the growth of the Transition Towns (TT) movement? The TT movement is only five years old, starting from the founding of Transition Towns Totnes in the UK in 2006. Since then nearly 400 official Transition Initiates have been formed in 34 countries and 103 of them are in the US. The first in the US was founded just three years ago this month. Seven official Initiatives are in Pennsylvania and York, PA has a fabulous hub forming. More are starting up. This is what they call viral in the best sense.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Yes, incredible! Before I give a short review of the book let’s raise a glass and give three cheers to Rob Hopkins and another three cheers to the thousands of Transition Towners around the world. Hip, Hip…..!</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><i>The Transition Companion</i> is 300 pages of superbly illustrated text. We need to give a hand to Chelsea Green for an excellent product, on “Paper from responsible sources.” The book uses a form of Christopher Alexander’s “pattern language.” That means the book is made up of a lot of short parts that are very carefully crafted to unfold in the form of a “pattern,” an encapsulation of community smarts presented in the form of something like a recipe. Patterns are things that work, not theories.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Let’s use for an example what I consider the very cornerstone of the Transition Movement: forming the initiating group. This item (Part Three, Starting Out, Section 1) starts with a challenge: “How best to bring a group of people together, and lay foundations for their working together successfully.” There is that magical little quote from Margaret Mead: “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.” After two pages of tips drawn from numerous experiments in starting TTs this section concludes: “From the outset, create clear structures and processes that help your group to work enjoyably and effectively – and take some time to get to know each other as people!” At the end of each section is a small block with links to related topics. After another four pages of “Inclusion and Diversity,” we get to the first “Tools for Transition.” There are 21 of these, each a well-tested exercise in community building.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><i>The Transition Companion</i> is divided into three parts. The first answers the question “Why the Transition movement does what it does?” Here you will find the history of the movement, the basic philosophy and the plan of action painted in broad strokes.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Part Two addresses “What the Transition response looks like in practice.” And yes, it is the “what,” the nuts and bolts of the Transition process, a process I call a best practice because it does what I find no other model will do as well. And that isn’t to say the Transition process is the cure-all for the world’s problems. A Cheerful Disclaimer puts that claim to rest. The strength of the Transition model is that it draws on the accumulated wisdom of vast numbers of people and cultures. It has a built-in desire to learn, to absorb and to form cooperative partnerships. But it is a systematic and comprehensive game plan in its own right. It is a very important ingredient in community building.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">As they say, however, if it were easy, everyone would be doing it. Once a forming group comes together there is just a lot of work to do to take a community out of dependence on fossil fuels and build a new culture and a new economy that lets us do a whole lot more, in terms of quality of life, with a great deal less. This takes us to Part Three: “How the Transition movement does what it does – Ingredients for success.”</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Part Three is divided into five sections: 1) Starting out, 2) Deepening, 3) Connecting, 4) Building, and 5) Daring to dream. There are 43 topics in these five sections, along with the 21 tools. That, friends, is a lot of material so perhaps a word about how to approach this book. My advice is to read the first two parts. They are fairly linear. Then skim Part Three. Each topic starts with a short statement that tells you what it is going to address and at the end comes to a clear closing. Both of these short statements are in bold colored type. In between you will find narrative and lists and charts and photos and graphics. There is no test at the end of the book. Don’t try to absorb it all.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">If you didn’t get to the end without a Wow!, maybe you tried too hard. Best thing to do is to make a quick first flyover of Part Three and make your own short list of the things you liked and want to work on and then read those more closely. Part Three is not linear. It’s about a communal ecosystem. It does take a little work to get the lay of that ecosystem but it’s like moving into a new neighborhood; you get the hang of it pretty quick.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Where do you go with what grabs your attention? Next step is to form working groups (Part Three, Starting Out, Section 10). Connect with your local Transition Town (see initiatives map at <a href="http://www.transitionus.org/">www.transitionus.org</a>) and find other people who want to do the same thing. Once that happens, you and your community are on your way.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">The Transition Companion is not a pricy book. You can get good discounts on line. If there is no Transition Town near you, get a group of friends to order copies and form a study group. Then form you own Initiative.</div><div class="MsoNormal"> </div><div class="MsoNormal">Our local Initiative, Transition Towns State College, is offering basic workshops on the updated Transition process. Check our facebook, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/transitionstatecollege"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;">Transition Town State College</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">,</span> and the Transition Centre web page, <a href="http://www.transitioncentre.org/">www.transitioncentre.org</a>, for notices of training and other events.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">More later.</div>Bill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1744496194970768734.post-32084619034863444202011-11-07T07:48:00.000-08:002020-05-17T11:53:45.729-07:00Transition Centre introductionTransition Centre was developed to help create Transition Towns in Centre County, Pennsylvania. Out of that effort came Transition Towns State College. There is, however, a whole lot more to Transition Centre. TC has been registered as a Pennsylvania nonprofit corporation. It now has, in addition to promoting the Transition Towns best practice model, the missions of developing an architecture of a sustainable community and developing a New School of Living, a learning institute that will provide the knowledge, skills and abilities to achieve the TT objective of a resilient community and particularly promote stronger local, agrarian economies and communities.<br />
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On this site will be found post related to things we are interested in at Transition Centre but they will span a considerably range of topics, news and views.<br />
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More later,<br />
BillBill Sharphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06092279153298758860noreply@blogger.com0